Распознавание зрительных образов на основе топологической обработки информации

Разработаны метод и устройство классификации изображений, позволяющие определять принадлежность зрительных образов к тому или иному классу

Moving targets in space: Movement distance as a predictor for experiences of movement agency

Previous research indicates that the experience of agency over one's actions and movements is influenced by movement predictability as well as movement distance (Hon, Seow, & Pereira, 2018). Addressing previous limitations, we present a compelling test of the relation between movement distance and movement agency. Participants in two studies moved targets predictably or unpredictably, and for short, medium, or long distances. Following prior research, distractor cues moved in the opposite direction of the targets. Results showed that movement agency scores were higher for predictable compared to unpredictable movements. Results also consistently showed that when movements were predictable, longer distances by either the target or the distractor cues increased agency relative to shorter distances. Our findings replicate and extend previous findings showing that stimulus movement distances influence judgments of movement agency

Are Bad Leaders Indeed Bad for Employees? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Between Destructive Leadership and Employee Outcomes

Does having bad leaders have long-lasting adverse effects on employees? While previous studies have primarily viewed subordinate deviant behavior as a crucial consequence of destructive leadership, aggression theory suggests that subordinate deviant behavior could also be an antecedent of destructive leadership. To address this question, we conducted a meta-analysis by focusing on longitudinal field studies (i.e., time-lagged and panel designs), and investigated the longitudinal associations as well as the reciprocal relationships between destructive leadership and employee outcomes. Results from 82 articles with 104 independent prospective and longitudinal studies (N = 30,314) showed that destructive leadership has a lagged detrimental impact on employee behavioral (e.g., OCB, workplace deviance, CWB, and avoidance) and attitudinal outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction and work commitment). There are no significant differences between destructive leadership and employee outcomes for the long-term and short-term effects. Surprisingly, after accounting for auto-regression effects, the cross-lagged analysis showed that destructive leadership did not significantly relate to employees’ negative behavior over time, whereas negative employee behavior did relate to destructive leadership across time. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed

Influencing the sense of agency

Contains fulltext : 139908.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access) Contains fulltext : 139908_abstract.docx (publisher's version ) (Open Access)One of the most exciting aspects of human consciousness is the sensation that we cause actions and that we are personally involved in the direct consequences those actions have. This sensation, also known as agency, is of great importance to the way we perceive the world and to the way we see ourselves as having an important role in that world. Agency motivates us to regulate our behavior, helps us learn from the mistakes we make, enables us to distinguish the actions we perform compared to the actions performed by other individuals, makes us feel good about ourselves when we are successful, but can also give us a bad feeling when our actions lead to undesirable outcomes. This sense of agency therefore seems to be ‘rather‘ important, but where does it actually come from? While we may intuitively feel that we should know when we have caused something to occur and when not, the research described in the present dissertation reveals that the sense of agency can be influenced by a number of different factors, including contextual action cues and internal action plans, the presence and nature of other agents, as well as hand dominance and experiences of effort. Importantly, experiences of agency in turn seem to influence our susceptibility to external forces and our ability to cause self-driven change. The present findings thereby further our knowledge on how, why, and when the sense of agency emerges and how that pervasive experience influences us in turn.Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 16 april 2015Promotores : Dijksterhuis, A.J., Baaren, R.B. va

Re-examining the agentic shift: The sense of agency influences the effectiveness of (self)persuasion

Contains fulltext : 141550.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)In the present study we investigated whether differences in the sense of agency influenced the effectiveness of both direct persuasion and self-persuasion techniques. By manipulating both the delay and contingency of the outcomes of actions, participants were led to experience either a low or high sense of agency. Participants were subsequently presented with arguments as to why a clean local environment is important (direct persuasion), or were asked to generate those arguments themselves (self-persuasion). Subsequently, participants' cleanliness attitudes and willingness to participate in a campus cleanup were measured. The results show that techniques of direct persuasion influenced attitudes and volunteering behavior under conditions of low rather than high agency, whereas techniques of self-persuasion were most effective under conditions of high rather than low agency. The present findings therefore show how recent experiences of agency, a state based experience of control, can influence the effectiveness of both external and internal persuasion techniques.9 p

Uncovering effects of self-control and stimulus-driven action selection on the sense of agency

The sense of agency refers to feelings of causing one's own action and resulting effect. Previous research indicates that voluntary action selection is an important factor in shaping the sense of agency. Whereas the volitional nature of the sense of agency is well documented, the present study examined whether agency is modulated when action selection shifts from self-control to a more automatic stimulus-driven process. Seventy-two participants performed an auditory Simon task including congruent and incongruent trials to generate automatic stimulus-driven vs. more self-control driven action, respectively. Responses in the Simon task produced a tone and agency was assessed with the intentional binding task – an implicit measure of agency. Results showed a Simon effect and temporal binding effect. However, temporal binding was independent of congruency. These findings suggest that temporal binding, a window to the sense of agency, emerges for both automatic stimulus-driven actions and self-controlled actions

Uncovering effects of self-control and stimulus-driven action selection on the sense of agency

The sense of agency refers to feelings of causing one's own action and resulting effect. Previous research indicates that voluntary action selection is an important factor in shaping the sense of agency. Whereas the volitional nature of the sense of agency is well documented, the present study examined whether agency is modulated when action selection shifts from self-control to a more automatic stimulus-driven process. Seventy-two participants performed an auditory Simon task including congruent and incongruent trials to generate automatic stimulus-driven vs. more self-control driven action, respectively. Responses in the Simon task produced a tone and agency was assessed with the intentional binding task – an implicit measure of agency. Results showed a Simon effect and temporal binding effect. However, temporal binding was independent of congruency. These findings suggest that temporal binding, a window to the sense of agency, emerges for both automatic stimulus-driven actions and self-controlled actions

Time for action: Verbal action cues influence temporal binding

Prior research has shown that our perception of time is compressed when we volitionally perform actions, a phenomenon referred to as temporal binding. In three studies, we investigated the degree to which contextual cues that signaled other agents and related to actions would influence binding, given that those cues may affect individual’s feelings of independent action performance. Participants heard action verbalizations that did or did not match actions that participants had already begun performing. Participants’ time estimates of the intervals between action initiations and action effects were higher on trials in which they heard verbalizations that matched their ongoing actions, and lower on trials in which the verbalizations and actions did not match. Such effects did not occur when participants passively observed actions and effects being caused by the computer. These results show that the compatibility of action cues with ongoing actions influences temporal binding effects, suggesting that they influence our feelings of having been an independent agent

When conflict influences liking : The case of the Stroop task

Research suggests that cognitive conflict is accompanied by a negative signal. Building on the demonstrated role of negative affect in attitude formation and change, the present research investigated whether the experience of cognitive conflict negatively influences subsequent evaluations of neutral stimuli. Relying on the emergence of conflict in the Stroop task, participants were presented with compatible (non-conflict) and incompatible (conflict) Stroop color words that were each followed by a neutral visual stimulus. In general, participants liked stimuli following incompatible Stroop words less than stimuli following compatible Stroop words. The results revealed similar compatibility effects in tasks in which participants actively responded to the Stroop words and in tasks in which they passively observed them. Furthermore, these effects emerged in offline and online measures of evaluation. Interestingly, the results also suggest that the compatibility effect on liking observed in the present research was to some degree driven by the positivity associated with the compatible Stroop words, and not just by the negativity associated with the incompatible Stroop words. We discuss the present findings in the context of how and when conflicting responses to events (such as in the Stroop task) can influence evaluations of stimuli associated with the conflicting events

You should read this! Perceiving and acting upon action primes influences one's sense of agency

Item does not contain fulltextIn two studies, we investigated the degree to which action primes, and acting upon those primes affect agency ratings. Participants performed left or right button-presses that generated tones, and were subsequently asked to indicate the degree to which they felt that they, instead of the computer, had caused the tones. Prior to button-presses, participants were subliminally or supraliminally primed with "left" or "right". Participants were free to press either button, and thus could perform prime-compatible or prime-incompatible actions. Results showed that incompatible subliminal primes lowered sense of agency compared to the effects of subliminal compatible primes. In contrast, supraliminal compatible primes lowered agency compared to incompatible primes