Métodos Para a Análise da Estabilidade e Infecciosidade da Cepa Vacinal de Rotavírus A em Diferentes Matrizes Aquáticas e Tempos de Estocagem

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.Os Rotavírus (RVA) estão envolvidos com muitos surtos de diarreia em crianças menores de 5 anos de idade, principalmente devido às más condições sanitárias. Hoje em dia, duas vacinas estão disponíveis e seus impactos na melhoria da saúde pública já foram apresentados. No entanto, não existem estudos avaliando o impacto destas cepas vacinais no ambiente aquático. Já que são vacinas atenuadas, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade de uma cepa vacinal do Rotavírus (RotaTeq) em diferentes matrizes aquáticas em função do tempo e da temperatura de estocagem. O RVA foi propagado em células MA104 e o título do estoque viral foi obtido por ensaio de placa de lise (UFP) padronizado neste trabalho. A quantidade de 2,2 x 107 UFP/mL do estoque viral foi semeada em diferentes matrizes de água: P (Lagoa do Peri, Água de manancial); C (Água de consumo, tratada não clorada); e L (Lagoa da Conceição, Água de recreação). Alíquotas foram armazenadas nas temperaturas de 22 e 4ºC para simular temperatura ambiental e de armazenamento de amostra em laboratório/Posto de Saúde respectivamente. A estabilidade foi avaliada por UFP e por RT-qPCR em diferentes tempos mensurados em "dias de armazenamento" por até 180 dias. A redução do título viral foi expressa em valores de redução de logarítmica (log10). Em todos os casos, os valores mais elevados de redução log10 por UFP foram observados nas amostras de água estocadas a 22ºC diferentemente do que ocorreu com o RT-qPCR onde as maiores reduções de cópias genômicas foram observadas nas amostras estocadas a 4ºC. A presença de outros micro-organismos, assim como as propriedades físico-químicas intrínsecas das amostras podem explicar a diferença nos valores de redução observados, podendo ter afetado a estabilidade viral e/ou promovido a agregação destes.Rotavirus (RVA) is involved with many outbreaks of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age, mainly due to poor sanitation conditions. Nowadays, two vaccines are available and their impact on improving public health was already presented. However, there are no studies evaluating the impact of the presence and stability of these vaccine strains in the aquatic environment. Since they are attenuated vaccines, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the time and temperature on the stability of the RVA vaccine strain (RotaTeq) in environmental waters. The RVA was propagated in MA104 cells and the titer of the viral stock was measured by plaque assay (UFP) standardized in the present study. An amount of 2.2 x 107 UFP/mL of the viral stock was seeded in three different surface water matrices: P (Lagoa do Peri, surface water lagoon); C (surface unchlorinated drinking water); and L (Lagoa da Conceição, backish water lagoon from recreational area). Aliquots (1,0 mL) were stored at temperatures of 22 and 4°C to simulate, respectively, environmental and laboratory/Health Clinics storage temperatures. The stability was evaluated by UFP and RT-qPCR over 180 day's period. The viral titre reduction was expressed as log reduction values (log10 = Nt/N0). In all cases, the highest values of log10 reduction by UFP was observed in the water samples stored at 22 °C. By the other hand, the RT-qPCR showed the largest genome copies reductions on samples stored at 4°C. The presence of other microorganisms, as well as the intrinsically physicochemical properties of the samples may explain the difference in the observed reduction values, which may affect the survival of the virus and/or promote the aggregation

Nesting Ecology of Hawksbill Sea Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) on Utila, Honduras

The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) has a circumtropical distribution and plays an important role in maintaining the health of coral reefs. Unfortunately, hawksbill populations have been decimated, and estimated numbers in the Caribbean are less than 10% of populations a century ago. The hawksbill is considered Critically Endangered, and researchers are coordinating worldwide efforts to protect this species. One country where we lack knowledge regarding hawksbills is Honduras. This study aimed to increase our understanding of hawksbill nesting ecology in Caribbean Honduras. Characteristics of hawksbill nesting activity and a nesting beach on the island of Utila were elucidated using satellite telemetry, beach profiling, vegetation surveys, beach monitoring, and nest temperature profiles. We affixed satellite transmitters to two nesting hawksbills, and found the turtles migrated to different countries. One turtle traveled 403 km to a bay in Mexico, and the other traveled 181 km to a Marine Protected Area off Belize. This study presents the first description of hawksbill migration routes from Honduras, facilitating protection efforts for turtles that traverse international waters

Endogenous annexin A1 counter-regulates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis

PMCID: PMC3212807This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Observations on the normal reflection of gaseous detonations

Experimental results are presented examining the behavior of the shock wave created when a gaseous detonation wave normally impinges upon a planar wall. Gaseous detonations are created in a 7.67-m-long, 280-mm-internal-diameter detonation tube instrumented with a test section of rectangular cross section enabling visualization of the region at the tube-end farthest from the point of detonation initiation. Dynamic pressure measurements and high-speed schlieren photography in the region of detonation reflection are used to examine the characteristics of the inbound detonation wave and outbound reflected shock wave. Data from a range of detonable fuel/oxidizer/diluent/initial pressure combinations are presented to examine the effect of cell-size and detonation regularity on detonation reflection. The reflected shock does not bifurcate in any case examined and instead remains nominally planar when interacting with the boundary layer that is created behind the incident wave. The trajectory of the reflected shock wave is examined in detail, and the wave speed is found to rapidly change close to the end-wall, an effect we attribute to the interaction of the reflected shock with the reaction zone behind the incident detonation wave. Far from the end-wall, the reflected shock wave speed is in reasonable agreement with the ideal model of reflection which neglects the presence of a finite-length reaction zone. The net far-field effect of the reaction zone is to displace the reflected shock trajectory from the predictions of the ideal model, explaining the apparent disagreement of the ideal reflection model with experimental reflected shock observations of previous studies

Shock propagation through a bubbly liquid in a deformable tube

Shock propagation through a bubbly liquid contained in a deformable tube is considered. Quasi-one-dimensional mixture-averaged flow equations that include fluid–structure interaction are formulated. The steady shock relations are derived and the nonlinear effect due to the gas-phase compressibility is examined. Experiments are conducted in which a free-falling steel projectile impacts the top of an air/water mixture in a polycarbonate tube, and stress waves in the tube material and pressure on the tube wall are measured. The experimental data indicate that the linear theory is incapable of properly predicting the propagation speeds of finite-amplitude waves in a mixture-filled tube; the shock theory is found to more accurately estimate the measured wave speeds

Medidas cautelares y el proceso de alimentos en los juzgado de paz letrado de San Juan De Lurigancho – 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación se partió del problema: ¿En qué medida las medidas cautelares se relacionan con el proceso de alimentos en los Juzgados de Paz Letrado de San Juan de Lurigancho– 2019? para tal efecto el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en qué medida las medidas cautelares se relacionan con el proceso de alimentos en losJuzgado de Paz Letrado de San Juan de Lurigancho– 2019. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante el método científico, se consideró el tipo de investigación básica, de nivel descriptivo, correlacionar y diseño no experimental transeccional. La muestra de estudio se encuesto a 60 abogados litigantes del Juzgado de Paz Letrado de San Juan de Lurigancho-2019, lo cual se utilizó las técnicas de la observancia, análisis documental y encuesta con sus instrumentos: Observaciónindirecta, fichas de investigación y el cuestionario. Como resultado de la investigación se pudo mencionar que las medidas cautelares en el proceso de alimento en los Juzgado de Paz Letradode San Juan de Lurigancho-2019, son aplicadas de manera efectiva por los operadores de justicia. Con lo que se concluye que los abogados litigantes solicitan con más frecuencia las medidas cautelares (asignación anticipada, embargo de beneficio sociales e impedimento de salida), asímismo estas protegen y garantizan las necesidades básicas de alimentos necesario de los niños y adolescentes. Por ello, se recomienda que los jueces supremos realicen un acuerdo plenario con el fin de aplicar las medidas cautelares en los procesos de alimentos en el resto de los distritos judiciales para garantizar los derechos de los niños y adolescentes

Annexin 1 localisation in tissue eosinophils as detected by electron microscopy.

BACKGROUND: Human and rodent leukocytes express high levels of the glucocorticoid-inducible protein annexin 1 (ANXA1) (previously referred to as lipocortin 1). Neutrophils and monocytes have abundant ANXA1 levels. AIM: We have investigated, for the first time, ANXA1 ultrastructural expression in rat eosinophils and compared it with that of extravasated neutrophils. The effect of inflammation (carrageenin peritonitis) was also monitored. METHODS: Electron microscopy was used to define the sub-cellular localisation of ANXA1 in rat eosinophils and neutrophils extravasated in the mesenteric tissue. A pair of antibodies raised against the ANXA1 N-terminus (i.e. able to recognise intact ANXA1, termed LCPS1) or the whole protein (termed LCS3) was used to perform the ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS: The majority of ANXA1 was localised in the eosinophil cytosol (approximately 60%) and nucleus (30-40%), whereas a small percentage was found on the plasma membrane (< 10%). Within the cytosol, the protein was equally distributed in the matrix and in the granules, including those containing the typical crystalloid. The two anti-ANXA1 antibodies gave similar results, with the exception that LCPS1 gave a lower degree of immunoreactivity in the plasma membrane. Inflammation (i.e. carrageenin injection) produced a modest increase in eosinophil-associated ANXA1 reactivity (significant only in the cytoplasm compartment). Extravasated neutrophils, used for comparative purposes, displayed a much higher degree of immunoreactivity for the protein. CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time ANXA1 distribution in rat eosinophil by ultrastructural analysis, and report a different protein mobilisation from extravasated neutrophils, at least in this acute model of peritonitis

Mechanical, sensor and control system design for an accelerometer calibrator with one part per million accuracy

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1988.Bibliography: leaves 129-132.by Bradley Nevins Damazo.M.S