Microbiota de úlceras venosas pós uso de “Bota de Unna”

Modelo do Estudo: Foi realizado um estudo individual, analítico, observacional, longitudinal prospectivo, controlado, estudo de coortes concorrente, realizado no período de abril de 2013 a novembro de 2014. Objetivo: Avaliar a microbiota presente no exudato da úlcera venosa de pacientes com “Bota de Unna” e a sua resistência aos antimicrobianos. Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras do exudato de feridas de pacientes com o uso de “Bota de Unna” e de terapia tópica durante a troca do curativo e após sete dias. Os micro-organismos isolados foram identificados e testados quanto à susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos: Resultado: Os micro-organismos Gram positivos isolados foram: S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. xylosus e S. haemolyticus. Os micro-organismos Gram negativos foram: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. plymuthica, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, P. stuartii, P. vulgaris, A. hydrophila, S. marcescens, A.baumannii, E. cloacae e Tatumella sp. O percentual de crescimento e a microbiota no exudato da úlcera após sete dias não foi significante entre os dois tipos de curativo. O aumento de resistência dos cocos Gram positivos aos antimicrobianos testados nos pacientes que utilizam a “Bota de Unna” foi maior do que nos pacientes sem bota (p=0,0093). Conclusão: O número de micro-organismos na microbiota do exudato da úlcera venosa após troca do curativo é maior independentemente do tipo do curativo. Os cocos Gram-positivos apresentam aumento de resistência aos antimicrobianos nos pacientes que utilizam a “Bota de Unna”.Model Study: A special analytical observational prospective longitudinal and controlled study of concurrent cohort was conducted from April 2013 to November 2014. Objective: To evaluate the microbiota present in the secretion of venous ulcer patients with “Unna Boot” and their resistance to antimicrobials. Methods: secretion samples were collected from wounds of patients with and without the use of “Unna Boot” and topic therapy during the dressing change and after seven days. The isolated microorganisms were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility: Result: The isolated Gram-positive microorganisms were: S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. haemolyticus and S. xylosus. Gram-negative microorganisms were E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. plymuthica, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, P. stuartii, P. vulgaris, A. hydrophila, S. marcescens, A. baumannii, E. cloacae and Tatumella sp. The growth percentage and the microbiota in the secretion of the ulcer after seven days was not significant between the two types of dressing. The resistance of Gram-positive cocci to antimicrobials in patients using the “Unna Boot” was higher than in patients without boot (p = 0.0093). Conclusion: The number of microorganisms in microbial secretion venous ulcer after dressing change is higher regardless of the type of dressing. The positive cocci increased antimicrobial resistance in patients using the “Unna Boot”

Prevalência de infecções em suturas de cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio Prevalence of infections in surgical sutures on myocardial revascularization surgery

OBJETIVO: Estudar a prevalência de infecção nas suturas decorrentes de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e também os microrganismos causadores, sexo predominante e idade. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, transversal, com análise dos prontuários dos 21 pacientes que apresentaram infecção na ferida operatória de cirurgia de RM, dentre os 357 pacientes operados entre os anos de 2007 e 2009. Os prontuários foram analisados durante o ano de 2009. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada significância estatística ao se analisar o sexo dos pacientes. A maioria dos pacientes era idosa e a prevalência da infecção está dentro da média encontrada na literatura, havendo variação dos microrganismos encontrados ao longo dos anos. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do número total de infecções ter aumentado ao longo dos anos, a prevalência se manteve estável, uma vez que o número de cirurgias realizadas aumentou proporcionalmente. Sexo não é uma variável significante à ocorrência de infeção na ferida cirúrgica. Idosos estão mais predispostos a esta complicação e o microrganismo causador é variável.<br>OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of wound infection on myocardial revascularization surgery stitches as well as the causing microorganisms, predominant sex and age. METHODS: A retrospective and transversal study, with analysis of the files of the 21 patients with infected myocardial revascularization wounds among 357 operated patients between the years of 2007 and 2009. The files were checked on 2009. RESULTS: There was no statistics significance analyzing the sex of the patients. The average of patients were old aged and the prevalence is similar to the index found in literature, but there are variations about the found microorganisms all over the years. CONCLUSION: Besides the raise of wound infections along the 3 years, the prevalence kept stable, once the numbers of maid surgeries proportionately raised. Sex is not a significant variable to the occurrence of myocardium revascularizations wound infection. Old aged people are more predictable to this complication and the causing microorganism is variable

Bacteriological evaluation of wounds in seriously burned hospitalized patients

During the period between May and December 1988, 21 patients were studied bacteriologically at Hospital João XXIII's burn's unit which belongs to "Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais" in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of aerobic and facultative bacteria from burn wounds was carried out by the standard filter paper disc technique, including antibiotic susceptibility. At the same time an evaluation of those bacteria isolated from the environmental unit was performed. The most common organisms recovered from wounds of patients were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. P. pseudomallei was the most frequent strain recovered from environmental specimens. In nearly all patients specimens (16 in total) from whom P. aeruginosa was isolated, the rate of CFU/cm² of skin was above 10². In nine of these, it reached 10(5), wich is equivalent to 10(7) CFU/g of burned tissue

Resistência antimicrobiana e detecção de plasmídios em cepas do grupo Bacteroides fragilis

Resistant populations of the Bacteroides fragilis group bacteria (two reference ones and two isolated from human and Callithrix penicillata marmoset) were obtained by the gradient plate technique, to clindamycin, penicillin G, metronidazole and mercuric chloride. All the four tested strains were originaly susceptible to the four antimicrobial drugs at the breakpoint used in this study. MICs determination for the four cultures gave constant values for each antimicrobial, on the several steps by the gradient plate technique. The intestinal human B. fragilis strains showed three DNA bands, that could be representative of only two plasmids in the closed covalently circular (CCC) form with molecular weights of approximately 25 and 2.5 Md. The results do not permit an association between the presence of plasmid in the human strain with the susceptibility to the studied drugs. The four strains were ß-lactamase negative in the two methods used, and no particular chromosomal genetic resistance marker was demonstred. The resistance (MIC) observed, after contact with penicillin G and mercuric chloride, were two-fold in the four tested strainsCepas resistentes de bactérias do grupo Bacteroides fragilis (2 isoladas de humano e de sagui Callithrix penicillata e 2 de referência) foram obtidas pela técnica da placa gradiente para clindamicina, penicilina G, metronidazol e bicloreto de mercúrio. Todas as quatro cepas testadas foram originalmente sensíveis às quatro drogas antimicrobianas em relação ao ponto crítico usado neste estudo. A determinação das CIMs para as quatro cepas testadas mostrou valores constantes para cada antimicrobiano nas diversas concentrações usadas nas placas gradientes. A cepa B. fragilis de origem humana apresentou três bandas de ADN que devem corresponder a apenas dois plasmídios circulares covalentemente fechados (CCC), com pesos moleculares de aproximadamente 25 e 2.5 Md. Não se detectou a produção de ß-lactamase em nenhuma das cepas nos dois métodos usados. Os resultados não permitem uma associação entre a presença de plasmídios na cepa humana com a susceptibilidade às drogas estudadas. As quatro cepas mostraram-se B-lactamase negativas nos dois métodos usados, não se demonstrando qualquer marcador genético de resistência cromossômica. A resistência observada (CIM), após contato com a penicilina G e bicloreto de mercúrio, foi duas vezes maior nas quatro cepas testada

Dressing Wear Time after Breast Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial

<div><p>Background</p><p>The evidence to support dressing standards for breast surgery wounds is empiric and scarce.</p><p>Objective</p><p>This two-arm randomized clinical trial was designed to assess the effect of dressing wear time on surgical site infection (SSI) rates, skin colonization and patient perceptions.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A total of 200 breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to group I (dressing removed on the first postoperative day, n = 100) or group II (dressing removed on the sixth postoperative day, n = 100). SSIs were defined and classified according to criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Samples collected before placing the dressing and after 1 day (group I) and 6 days (both groups) were cultured for skin colonization assessments. Patients preferences and perceptions with regard to safety, comfort and convenience were recorded and analyzed.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 186 patients completed the follow-up. The global SSI rate was 4.5%. Six patients in group I and three in group II had SSI (p = 0.497). Before dressing, the groups were similar with regard to skin colonization. At the sixth day, there was a higher colonization by coagulase-negative staphylococci in group I (p<0.0001). Patients preferred to keep dressing for six days (p<0.0001), and considered this a safer choice (p<0.05).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Despite group I had a higher skin colonization by coagulase-negative staphylococci on the sixth postoperative day, there was no difference in SSI rates. Patients preferred keeping dressing for six days and considered it a safer choice.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01148823" target="_blank">NCT01148823</a></p></div

Microorganisms growth in thioglycolate broth and glucose broth and comparison between group I and group II by Chi-square test

<p>Microorganisms growth in thioglycolate broth and glucose broth and comparison between group I and group II by Chi-square test</p