Atividades degradativas de celulose e de fenóis por fungos isolados de acículas de Pinus taeda.

Oito fungos isolados de acículas de Pinus taeda em decomposição, da região de Três Barras, SC, Brasil, foram analisados quanto ao potencial de degradarem celulose e lignina. Utilizou-se a técnica de coloração com vermelho congo em meio carboximetilcelulose-ágar (CMCA) para a presença de celulase, e o teste de Bavendamm em meio extrato de malte-ácido tânico-ágar (EMATA) para a presença de fenoloxidase. Aspergillus sp. e Cladosporium sp. produziram maior atividade em meio CMCA, enquanto que Trichoderma sp., Pestalotia sp., Exophiala sp. e Phomopsis sp. produziram maior atividade em meio EMATA. Os fungos Stachybotrys sp. e Rhizopus sp. se desenvolveram em CMCA e EMATA, mas não apresentaram atividade, indicando que não possuem capacidade para degradar celulose ou fenóis em acículas de pínus

Determinação da composição nutricional e sais minerais de frutos de juçara (Euterpe Edulis) coletados na região de Curitiba, PR.

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Characterization of Soybean Cultivars for Biodiesel Production

Due to environmental issues involving the polluting gasesemission, Brazil has adopted the policy of using oil and biodiesel. For biodiesel production, the main raw material used in Brazil is soybean oil. The development of the numerous genotypes of this culture has always considered quantitative aspects. The objective was to qualitatively characterize 12 soybean cultivars for biodiesel production. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates. The cultivars were sown in December 2016, in no-tillage system, in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil (-25.093056, -50.063327 UTM). The analyzed variables were: oil and protein contents, acidity index and specific mass. It was concluded that there were no significant differences among the cultivars for oil and protein contents. For the variables acidity index and specific mass, there were significant differences among the cultivars, being below the limits established by the Brazilian legislation for vegetable oil, but with potential for biodiesel production

Fungal diversity associated to the olive moth, prays oleae Bernard : a survey for potential entomopathogenic fungi

Olive production is one of the main agricultural activities in Portugal. In the region of Trás-os-Montes this crop has been considerably affected by Prays oleae. In order to evaluate the diversity of fungi on P. oleae population of Trás-os-Montes olive orchards, larvae and pupae of the three annual generations (phyllophagous, antophagous and carpophagous) were collected and evaluated for fungal growth on their surface. From the 3828 larvae and pupae, a high percentage of individuals exhibited growth of a fungal agent (40.6%), particularly those from the phyllophagous generation. From all the moth generations, a total of 43 species from 24 genera were identified, but the diversity and abundance of fungal species differed between the three generations. Higher diversity was found in the carpophagous generation, followed by the antophagous and phyllophagous generations. The presence of fungi displaying entomopathogenic features was highest in the phyllophagous larvae and pupae, being B. bassiana the most abundant taxa. The first report of B. bassiana presence on P. oleae could open new strategies for the biocontrol of this major pest in olive groves, since the use of an already adapted species increases the guarantee of success of a biocontrol approach. The identification of antagonistic fungi able to control agents that cause major olive diseases, such as Verticillium dahliae, will benefit future biological control approaches for limiting this increasingly spreading pathogen.This work was supported by Science and Technology Foundation (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – FCT) project PTDC/AGR-AAM/102600/2008 “Entomopathogenic fungi associated to olive pests: isolation, characterization and selection for biological control”. The first author is grateful to the Science and Technology Foundation for the PhD grant SFRH/BD/44265/2008

Studies on the virome of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana reveal novel dsRNA elements and mild hypervirulence.

© 2017 Kotta-Loizou, Coutts. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Kotta-Loizou I, Coutts RHA (2017) 'Studies on the Virome of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Reveal Novel dsRNA Elements and Mild Hypervirulence', PLoS Pathogens, 13(1): e1006183. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006183The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has a wide host range and is used as a biocontrol agent against arthropod pests. Mycoviruses have been described in phytopathogenic fungi while in entomopathogenic fungi their presence has been reported only rarely. Here we show that 21.3% of a collection of B. bassiana isolates sourced from worldwide locations, harbor dsRNA elements. Molecular characterization of these elements revealed the prevalence of mycoviruses belonging to the Partitiviridae and Totiviridae families, the smallest reported virus to date, belonging to the family Narnaviridae, and viruses unassigned to a family or genus. Of particular importance is the discovery of members of a newly proposed family Polymycoviridae in B. bassiana. Polymycoviruses, previously designated as tetramycoviruses, consist of four non-conventionally encapsidated capped dsRNAs. The presence of additional non-homologous genomic segments in B. bassiana polymycoviruses and other fungi illustrates the unprecedented dynamic nature of the viral genome. Finally, a comparison of virus-free and virus-infected isogenic lines derived from an exemplar B. bassiana isolate revealed a mild hypervirulent effect of mycoviruses on the growth of their host isolate and on its pathogenicity against the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, highlighting for the first time the potential of mycoviruses as enhancers of biocontrol agents.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Redução da severidade do mofo cinzento em mudas de Eucalyptus benthamii tratadas com Trichoderma atroviride.

O mofo cinzento, causado por Botrytis cinerea, é responsável por mortalidade em mudas de Eucalyptus benthamii. O controle biológico é uma alternativa, devido à falta de produtos registrados para eucalipto no Brasil. Este estudo avaliou o fungo endofítico Trichoderma atroviride, isolado de eucalipto, para controle de B. cinerea. O ensaio consistiu na aplicação de uma suspensão de esporos de T. atroviride em mudas de E. benthamii, 24, 48 ou 72 horas antes de inocular B. cinerea. Como controle positivo utilizou-se iprodione. Mudas inoculadas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação por 21 dias. A severidade foi avaliada com auxílio de escala de sintomas de 0 (sem lesões) a 4 (alta severidade). Trichoderma atroviride reduziu significativamente a severidade da doença, independentemente do tempo de aplicação prévio, de modo similar ao fungicida.Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T23:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016AlvaroSPReducao.pdf: 658766 bytes, checksum: f78be135d79898b7e30b2e115b092cfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20201

Potential of endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Duponchelia fovealis (Zeller) (Lepidoptera:Crambidae)

<div><p>Abstract This study reports the first assessment of endophytic fungi isolated from strawberry leaves and selection of isolates for the control of Duponchelia fovealis, a new pest of strawberries. A total of 400 strawberry leaves of the cultivar ‘Albion’ were collected in four commercial farms. Leaves were disinfected, cut in fragments, and placed on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar media with tetracycline and incubated for 30 days. Following this time, 517 fungal colonies were isolated, and thirteen genera were identified: Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Nigrospora, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Alternaria, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Ulocladium, Bipolaris, Diaporthe, and Phoma. Eight isolates belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Diaporthe, Paecilomyces, and Cladosporium were selected for pathogenicity bioassays against third instar larvae of D. fovealis. Isolates of Paecilomyces induced the highest mortality rates.</p></div

Paecilomyces niveus Stolk &amp; Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota: Thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brazil

Abstract Nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of Paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri in Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. The fungus P. niveus (PaePR) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. The species was confirmed by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA. We obtained a sequence of 528 bp (accession number HQ441751), which aligned with Byssochlamys nivea strains (100% identities). In a bioassay, 120 h after inoculation of N. ribisnigri with pathogenic P. niveus had an average mortality of 74%. The presence of P. niveus as a natural pathogen of N. ribisnigri in Brazil suggests that it may be possible to employ P. niveus to minimize the use of chemical insecticides

Paecilomyces niveus Stolk & Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota: Thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brazil

Abstract Nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of Paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri in Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. The fungus P. niveus (PaePR) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. The species was confirmed by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA. We obtained a sequence of 528 bp (accession number HQ441751), which aligned with Byssochlamys nivea strains (100% identities). In a bioassay, 120 h after inoculation of N. ribisnigri with pathogenic P. niveus had an average mortality of 74%. The presence of P. niveus as a natural pathogen of N. ribisnigri in Brazil suggests that it may be possible to employ P. niveus to minimize the use of chemical insecticides