Executive functioning affects health behaviour in older people too

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A bidirectional relationship between physical activity and executive function in older adults

Michael Daly gratefully acknowledges funding support from the Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L010437/1). David McMinn was funded by the Scottish Government, Rural and Environment Science & Analytical Services (RESAS) division. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpolation of these data, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A bidirectional relationship between executive function and health behavior : evidence, implications, and future directions

This work was supported by a grant from the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L010437/1).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Oxidative and non-oxidative degradation of a TDI-based polyurethane foam : volatile product and condensed phase characterisation by FTIR and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy

The oxidative and non-oxidative degradation behaviour of a flexible polyurethane foam, synthesised from toluene diisocyanate and a polyether polyol, is reported. Both toluene diisocyanate and diaminotoluene were identified as major products under non-oxidative conditions, which indicates that the urethane linkages are degrading by two competing degradation mechanisms. Degradation of the urethane linkage by a depolymerisation reaction to yield toluene diisocyanate and polyol is proposed to occur initially. In addition, the atmospheric pressure conditions favour the degradation of the urethane linkages via a six-membered ring transition state reaction to form diaminotoluene, carbon dioxide and alkene terminated polyol chains. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis of the residues indicates that at temperatures above 300°C ring fusion of the aromatic components within the foam occurs, and this leads to a nitrogen-containing carbonaceous char which has a complex aromatic structure. It is proposed that under the confined conditions of the degradation the aromatic nitrogen-containing species, such as toluene diisocyanate and diaminotoluene, undergo secondary reactions and ring fusion to yield a complex char structureUnder oxidative conditions, degradation, including ring fusion, occurs at a lower temperature than under non-oxidative conditions. Neither toluene diisocyanate nor diaminotoluene were observed as major degradation products. The polyol is observed to undergo thermo-oxidative degradation at much lower temperatures than purely thermal degradation. As a consequence, the depolymerisation reaction via the six-membered ring transition state is limited in extent and diaminotoluene is not evolved. The absence of toluene diisocyanate is proposed to be a result of this species undergoing oxidative degradation reactions which lead to it being incorporated into the char

Time Perspective and All-Cause Mortality : Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L010437/1, ESRC Future Leaders grant to M. Daly) and European Union’s H2020 Work Programme (2014–2020) (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Career Development Fellowship to M.  Daly funded under the Research Executive Agency grant agreement 750169). We thank the UK Data Archive for providing these data which, along with materials, have been made available to researchers at https://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/series/?sn=200011.Peer reviewedPostprin

The context, influences and challenges for undergraduate nurse clinical education: Continuing the dialogue

Introduction – Approaches to clinical education are highly diverse and becoming increasingly complex to sustain in complex milieu Objective – To identify the influences and challenges of providing nurse clinical education in the undergraduate setting and to illustrate emerging solutions. Method: A discursive exploration into the broad and varied body of evidence including peer reviewed and grey literature. Discussion - Internationally, enabling undergraduate clinical learning opportunities faces a range of challenges. These can be illustrated under two broad themes: (1) Legacies from the past and the inherent features of nurse education and (2) Challenges of the present, including, population changes, workforce changes, and the disconnection between the health and education sectors. Responses to these challenges are triggering the emergence of novel approaches, such as collaborative models. Conclusion(s) – Ongoing challenges in providing accessible, effective and quality clinical learning experiences are apparent

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Knowledge About One’s Dementia Status

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156478/1/jgs16442.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156478/3/jgs16442_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156478/2/jgs16442-sup-0001-supinfo.pd

Total Lipids, Lipid Classes, and Fatty Acids of Newly Settled Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus): Comparison of hatchery-cultured and wild crabs

Little is known about the nutrition or lipid metabolism of cold-water crabs, particularly in the North Pacific. We undertook a 2-part study to understand more completely the energetics and nutritional requirements of juvenile red king crab (RKC; Paralithodes canusehaticus). First, we investigated changes in proximate composition, total lipids (TLs), lipid classes, and fatty acids (FAs) throughout a molt cycle (C4-C5). Trends in lipid parameters were described by a 3-pari, piecewise linear regression with 3 distinct stages: (I) a postmolt phase (similar to 0-7 days), (2) an intramolt stage (similar to 7-24 days), and (3) a premolt stage (similar to 24-33 days). Significant intramolt differences in TLs indicated that caution should be taken when comparing crabs of unknown molt stage in future aquaculture and ecological experiments. However, little variability was found in the proportional FA composition of crabs, indicating that the intramolt stage has little effect on the interpretation of FA biomarkers. During a second investigation, we examined differences in lipid classes and FAs from cultured and wild RKC. We found significantly higher proportions of the essential fatty acids (EFAs) 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 20:4n-6 (AA) in wild crabs compared with cultured animals at the same stage. Furthermore, higher proportions of bacterial markers and lower proportions of zooplankton FA markers were found in wild than in hatchery-reared crabs. Here, we provide the first baseline data for future dietary studies on juvenile cold-water crabs. We suggest that an initial EFA ratio for DHA:EPA:AA of 5:8:1 could be used as a starting point for controlled dietary studies on the effect of EFAs on juvenile growth, molt success, and survival.Keywords: Lipids, Nutrition, Red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Fatty acids, Mol

Sensationalism made real : the role of realism in the production of sensational affect

Like all complicated relationships, that between realism and sensationalism has been subject to a good deal of rumour and speculation. In what might be described as the pair's first critical encounter – in an 1852 joint review of W. M. Thackeray's The History of Henry Esmond and Wilkie Collins's proto-sensation novel Basil – a critic for Bentley's Miscellany intimates that a partnership between two such different forms is anything but likely. “We have,” he explains, “put these two books ‘over against’ each other, to use one of Mr. Thackeray's favourite Queen-Anne-isms, because they have no kind of family resemblance. They are, indeed, as unlike each other as any two books can be. They constitute a kind of literary antithesis” (“Esmond” 576). The inherently contradictory nature of this originary “over against” gesture – conflating proximity and distance, contiguity and difference – sets the keynote for subsequent discussions, contemporaneous and current, of a generic relationship that continues to attract and elude definition