A case report: incidental diagnosis of endometrial tuberculosis in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), including heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), levy a massive burden on society. Here, we discuss about two patients who came to OPD with AUB symptoms for evaluation, but incidentally diagnosed with endometrial tuberculosis. In Case 1, 45-year-old female came with complains of heavy menstrual bleeding for 6 months for 6 months. USG showed adenomyosis. Patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. But on day 7 she developed serous blood-tinged discharge per vaginum. Incidentally, patient endometrial CBNAAT report came positive for MTB, with no resistance to rifampicin. Patient was started on anti-tubercular treatment for 6 months. In Case 2, 43-year-old female came with complaints of HMB with pain abdomen and irregular menses for 3 years. USG shows early changes of Adenomyosis. Patient underwent therapeutic curettage with MIRENA insertion. Endometrial CBNAAT was negative and liquid culture (LJ) was MDR positive. Sensitivity report s/o of isoniazid and rifampicin resistant. Patient was advised monthly close follow up as symptoms were under control. When a routine screening for FGTB by CBNAAT is done for cases of AUB, there are high chances of reporting more cases in a developing nation like India. Hence sending endometrial samples for TB screening in AUB cases can be useful in finding out more cases of genital TB, where their symptoms can be related to TB infection rather than searching for a structural cause that may be is not the cause for the severe symptoms. Due to which mismanagement or unnecessary surgical interventions can be avoided

Challenges for Efficient Query Evaluation on Structured Probabilistic Data

Query answering over probabilistic data is an important task but is generally intractable. However, a new approach for this problem has recently been proposed, based on structural decompositions of input databases, following, e.g., tree decompositions. This paper presents a vision for a database management system for probabilistic data built following this structural approach. We review our existing and ongoing work on this topic and highlight many theoretical and practical challenges that remain to be addressed.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 23 references. Accepted for publication at SUM 201

Comparative Performance of Mango Varieties Grafted on Vellaikolamban and Mixed Rootstock

Research on rootstock in mango is very limited in our country. Kalapady was reported to be a dwarfing rootstock. Recent trend among mango growers is to high density orcharding with dwarfening nature of the varietie. Efforts were made at Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, to study comparative performance of Ratna, Alphonso and Kesar mango on Vellaikolamban and mixed rootstock i.e., heterozygous seedling stock and the effect of rootstock on a scion under high density of 5m x 5m spacing. Results indicated that use of Vellaikolamban rootstock reduced plant volume in scion cv. Alphonso by 39.1%, followed by 24.9% in Ratna and 26.5% in cv. Kesar. As volume of the canopy was reduced, it directly influenced fruit yield cvs. Alphonso and Ratna. However, reduction in canopy volume had a positive influence on yield in cv. Kesar. Net returns of Rs.38,629/- per ha were maximum for Kesar with the rootstock Vellaikolamban

High Density Planting in Mango cv. Alphonso

A trial was conducted to optimize spacing for high density planting in mango cv. Alphonso to obtain higher yield/ unit area at the Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, during 2006-07 to 2008-09 with four close spacings and one normal spacing as control. Highest yield (6.4 MT/ha) was recorded with a spacing of 5 m x 5 m without reduction in fruit size in 10 year old plants compared to the mean yield of 1.12 MT/ha in 10m x 10m normal spacing. High density plantation helped to get significantly higher yield per unit area compared to the normal spacing, without affecting size and quality of mango fruits. The highest cost:benefit ratio (2.33) was recorded in high density plantation of 5m x 5m, with maximum net returns of Rs.1,12,000/- per hectare. The present findings show promise for more yield and returns per unit area during the initial years of mango plantation by adopting 5m x 5m high density planting

Stigma receptivity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

Seeds of a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line ICPA 2039 and its maintainer were sown during the rainy season of 2006 inside an insect-proof nylon cage in a field in Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. To study the stigma receptivity, hand pollinations were carried out on male-sterile plants using pollen of the maintainer line at different stages of flower bud growth of female parent. These materials and methods not only excluded the need of emasculation for controlled pollinations but also avoided chances of accidental self- or cross-pollination. Results revealed that the stigma of ICPA 2039 remained receptive for a total of approximately 120 h, starting at 48 h before flower opening and continued until 72 h thereafter. However, a considerable variation in pod set was observed in different days during this period. To optimize pod set in Patancheru environments, pollinations should be initiated a day before flower opening and continued for 3 days

SOLID DISPERSION: STRATEGY TO ENHANCE SOLUBILITY

The solubility behavior of drugs remains one of the most exigent aspects in formulation development.With the advent of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening, the number of poorly water soluble compounds has dramatically increased.  Among all the newly discovered chemical entities, about 40-45% drugs fail to reach market due to their poor water solubility. Because of solubility problem, bioavailability of drugs gets affected and hence solubility enhancement becomes necessary. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of drugs. This article reviews the various preparation techniques, carriers used, advantages and limitations of solid dispersions and compiles some of the recent advances. There are various methods available to improve the solubility of the new drug in which solid dispersion emerged promising. A Solid dispersion generally composed of two components- the drug and the polymer matrix. Numerous methods are existing to prepare the solid dispersions such as melting method, solvent evaporation method, fusion method, kneading method, melting method, spray drying method, co-grinding method, lyophilization technique, hot melt extrusion, melt agglomeration, supercritical fluid (SCF) technology etc. Solid dispersion technologies are particularly promising for improving the oral absorption and bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. The experience with solid dispersions over the last 10-15 years indicates that this is a very fruitful approach in improving the release rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Hence, this approach is expected to form a basis for the commercialization of many poorly water-soluble and water-insoluble drugs in their solid-dispersion formulations in the near future. Key words: Dissolution, Solid Dispersion, Solubility, Cellulose Derivatives, Polyethylene glycol

Risk-Averse Matchings over Uncertain Graph Databases

A large number of applications such as querying sensor networks, and analyzing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, rely on mining uncertain graph and hypergraph databases. In this work we study the following problem: given an uncertain, weighted (hyper)graph, how can we efficiently find a (hyper)matching with high expected reward, and low risk? This problem naturally arises in the context of several important applications, such as online dating, kidney exchanges, and team formation. We introduce a novel formulation for finding matchings with maximum expected reward and bounded risk under a general model of uncertain weighted (hyper)graphs that we introduce in this work. Our model generalizes probabilistic models used in prior work, and captures both continuous and discrete probability distributions, thus allowing to handle privacy related applications that inject appropriately distributed noise to (hyper)edge weights. Given that our optimization problem is NP-hard, we turn our attention to designing efficient approximation algorithms. For the case of uncertain weighted graphs, we provide a $\frac{1}{3}$-approximation algorithm, and a $\frac{1}{5}$-approximation algorithm with near optimal run time. For the case of uncertain weighted hypergraphs, we provide a $\Omega(\frac{1}{k})$-approximation algorithm, where $k$ is the rank of the hypergraph (i.e., any hyperedge includes at most $k$ nodes), that runs in almost (modulo log factors) linear time. We complement our theoretical results by testing our approximation algorithms on a wide variety of synthetic experiments, where we observe in a controlled setting interesting findings on the trade-off between reward, and risk. We also provide an application of our formulation for providing recommendations of teams that are likely to collaborate, and have high impact.Comment: 25 page

Fertility restoration in cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines derived from 3 wild relatives of pigeonpea

Three cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile (CMS) lines, one each derived from Cajanus sericeus (A1 cytoplasm), Cajanus scarabaeoides (A2 cytoplasm), and Cajanus cajanifolius (A4 cytoplasm), were crossed to 7 pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars in a line tester mating scheme to study the fertility restoration of the CMS lines. Twenty-one F1 hybrid combinations were planted in unreplicated 3-row plots in 3 environments. There was no effect of environments on the expression of fertility restoration. Pigeonpea cultivar ICPL 129-3 restored fertility in A1 cytoplasm and maintained male sterility in the other 2 (A2 and A4) cytoplasms. Among crosses involving CMS line (of A4 cytoplasm) ICPA 2039 one hybrid combination was male-sterile and another male fertile. The remaining 5 combinations segregated for male-fertility (66–84% fertility restoration). Such testers can easily be purified for use in hybrid breeding programs by selfing and single-plant selection for 2–3 generations

Development of Cytoplasmic–Nuclear Male Sterility, Its Inheritance, and Potential Use in Hybrid Pigeonpea Breeding

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a unique food legume because of its partial (20–30%) outcrossing nature, which provides an opportunity to breed commercial hybrids. To achieve this, it is essential to have a stable male-sterility system. This paper reports the selection of a cytoplasmic–nuclear male-sterility (CMS) system derived from an interspecific cross between a wild relative of pigeonpea (Cajanus sericeus Benth. ex. Bak.) and a cultivar. This male-sterility source was used to breed agronomically superior CMS lines in early (ICPA 2068), medium (ICPA 2032), and late (ICPA 2030) maturity durations. Twentythree fertility restorers and 30 male-sterility maintainers were selected to develop genetically diverse hybrid combinations. Histological studies revealed that vacuolation of growing tetrads and persistence of tetrad wall were primary causes of the manifestation of male sterility. Genetic studies showed that 2 dominant genes, of which one had inhibitory gene action, controlled fertility restoration in the hybrids. The experimental hybrids such as TK 030003 and TK 030009 in early, ICPH 2307 and TK 030625 in medium, and TK 030861 and TK 030851 in late maturity groups exhibited 30–88% standard heterosis in multilocation trials

Development of a stability-indicating UPLC method for determination of isotretinoin in bulk drug

A highly sensitive and rapid stability indicating ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method was developed for the quantification and identification of isotretinoin in bulk. Chromatographic separation was developed using a gradient elution in a reversed-phase system at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min with 12 min run time. The mobile phase was a gradient mixture of mobile phase A (contained a 30:70:0.5 mixture solution of methanol/purified water/glacial acetic acid) and mobile phase B (contained a 70:25:4.5:0.5 mixture solution of methanol/acetonitrile/purified water/glacial acetic acid). Eluents were monitored at 355 nm. The analytical method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, linearity, and forced degradation in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) topic Q2 (R1) ‘Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology’. The method was linear over a concentration range of (1–7 µg/ml) with correlation coefficient of (r2 > 0.9999). The accuracy was confirmed by calculating the % recovery which was found to be 100.0–101.6%. The RSD values obtained for repeatability and intermediate precision experiments were less than 2%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.12 µg/ml, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.38 µg/ml. The drug samples were exposed to different stressed conditions and the results showed that all degradation products were satisfactorily separated from each other and from the peak of the drug using the developed method. The proposed method can be used for the quantitative determination of isotretinoin with confidence