Dommages forestiers et pollution à l'ozone dans les réserves naturelles : le cas de l'arolle dans le sud-est de la France -

En région méditerranéenne, dans le Sud-Est de la France, de fortes concentrations en ozone sont mesurées depuis de nombreuses années et les valeurs d'AOT 40 dépassent régulièrement les seuils européens de protection de la végétation et de la forêt. Parallèlement, des symptômes d'ozone spécifiques (mottling) ont été observés sur les aiguilles des conifères, en particulier sur l'arolle (Pinus cembra) entre 2006 et 2008. Une corrélation entre les atteintes spécifiques sur les aiguilles âgées d'un et deux ans et les concentrations en ozone a été mise en évidence. Certains échantillons foliaires, reproduits en chambre de fumigation, ont été soumis à une analyse microscopique pour évaluer l'impact de l'ozone au niveau cellulaire. Une étude de dispersion des oxydes d'azote a été réalisée dans le département des Alpes-Maritimes afin d'expliquer l'origine de l'ozone mesurée en altitud

Prevalence of human papillomavirus cervical infection in an Italian asymptomatic population

BACKGROUND: In the last decade many studies have definitely shown that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the major cause of cervical carcinogenesis and, in the last few years, HPV testing has been proposed as a new and more powerful tool for cervical cancer screening. This issue is now receiving considerable attention in scientific and non scientific press and HPV testing could be considered the most important change in this field since the introduction of cervical cytology. This paper reports our prevalence data of HPV infection collected in the '90s, while a follow up of these patients is ongoing. METHODS: For this study we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search HPV DNA sequences in cervical cell scrapings obtained from 503 asymptomatic women attending regular cervical cancer screening program in the city of Genova, Italy. All patients were also submitted to a self-administered, standardized, questionnaire regarding their life style and sexual activity. On the basis of the presence of HPV DNA sequences women were separated into two groups: "infected" and "non infected" and a statistical analysis of the factors potentially associated with the infection group membership was carried out. RESULTS: The infection rate was 15.9% and the most frequent viral type was HPV 16. CONCLUSION: Our HPV positivity rate (15.9%) was consistent to that reported by other studies on European populations

Persistence of HPV infection and risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of Colombian women

Little is known about the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and subsequent development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3), particularly in women >30 years of age. This information is needed to assess the impact of HPV vaccines and consider new screening strategies. A cohort of 1728 women 15–85 years old with normal cytology at baseline was followed every 6 months for an average of 9 years. Women with squamous intraepithelial lesions were referred for biopsy and treatment. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the median duration of infection and Cox regression analysis was undertaken to assess determinants of clearance and risk of CIN2/3 associated with HPV persistence. No difference in the likelihood of clearance was observed by HPV type or woman's age, with the exception of lower clearance for HPV16 infection in women under 30 years of age. Viral load was inversely associated with clearance. In conclusion, viral load is the main determinant of persistence, and persistence of HPV16 infections carry a higher risk of CIN2/3

Augmented serum level of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) protein and reduced NKG2D expression on NK and T cells in patients with cervical cancer and precursor lesions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. NK and cytotoxic T cells play an important role in the elimination of virus-infected and tumor cells through NKG2D activating receptors, which can promote the lysis of target cells by binding to the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) proteins. Increased serum levels of MICA have been found in patients with epithelial tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of soluble MICA (sMICA) and NKG2D-expressing NK and T cells in blood samples from patients with cervical cancer or precursor lesions with those from healthy donors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Peripheral blood with or without heparin was collected to obtain mononuclear cells or sera, respectively. Serum sMICA levels were measured by ELISA and NKG2D-expressing immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Also, a correlation analysis was performed to associate sMICA levels with either NKG2D expression or with the stage of the lesion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant amounts of sMICA were detected in sera from nearly all patients. We found a decrease in the number of NKG2D-expressing NK and T cells in both cervical cancer and lesion groups when compared to healthy donors. Pearson analysis showed a negative correlation between sMICA and NKG2D-expressing T cells; however, we did not find a significant correlation when the analysis was applied to sMICA and NKG2D expression on NK cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results show for the first time that high sMICA levels are found in sera from patients with both cervical cancer and precursor lesions when compared with healthy donors. We also observed a diminution in the number of NKG2D-expressing NK and T cells in the patient samples; however, a significant negative correlation between sMICA and NKG2D expression was only seen in T cells.</p

Type distribution, viral load and integration status of high-risk human papillomaviruses in pre-stages of cervical cancer (CIN)

A series of 176 archival cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was analysed for the presence, viral load and integration status of ‘high-risk' types of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). The samples were assayed using newly developed methods based on real-time PCR. Two methods for the extraction of DNA from the paraffin-embedded biopsies were compared: a protocol based on the MagNA pure system (Roche) and a Qiagen spin column kit (Qiagen). It was possible to amplify 94% (166) of the samples. Of these, 36, 63 and 80% of the CIN I, II and III cases contained HR-HPV. HPV 16 was the most prevalent, and was found in 20, 28 and 46% of the CIN I, II and III cases, respectively. The second most frequent HR-HPV was type 33 group, and in CIN II it was as prevalent as HPV 16. The median number of copies of HR-HPV per cell was not significantly different in the CIN I, II and III cases, but there was a wide range of viral load values over several magnitudes, regardless of the grade of CIN. All samples were found to contain integrated forms of HPV 16, frequently mixed with an episomal form

A targeted next-generation sequencing assay for the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders with orodental involvement.

BACKGROUND: Orodental diseases include several clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that can present in isolation or as part of a genetic syndrome. Due to the vast number of genes implicated in these disorders, establishing a molecular diagnosis can be challenging. We aimed to develop a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to diagnose mutations and potentially identify novel genes mutated in this group of disorders. METHODS: We designed an NGS gene panel that targets 585 known and candidate genes in orodental disease. We screened a cohort of 101 unrelated patients without a molecular diagnosis referred to the Reference Centre for Oro-Dental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Strasbourg, France, for a variety of orodental disorders including isolated and syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), isolated and syndromic selective tooth agenesis (STHAG), isolated and syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta, isolated dentin dysplasia, otodental dysplasia and primary failure of tooth eruption. RESULTS: We discovered 21 novel pathogenic variants and identified the causative mutation in 39 unrelated patients in known genes (overall diagnostic rate: 39%). Among the largest subcohorts of patients with isolated AI (50 unrelated patients) and isolated STHAG (21 unrelated patients), we had a definitive diagnosis in 14 (27%) and 15 cases (71%), respectively. Surprisingly, COL17A1 mutations accounted for the majority of autosomal-dominant AI cases. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a novel targeted NGS assay for the efficient molecular diagnosis of a wide variety of orodental diseases. Furthermore, our panel will contribute to better understanding the contribution of these genes to orodental disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: NCT01746121 and NCT02397824.journal articleresearch support, non-u.s. gov't2016 Feb2015 10 26importe

Dynamics of HPV16 DNA load reflect the natural history of cervical HPV-associated lesions.

International audienceBACKGROUND: High burden of high risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) has been shown to be predictive for the development of high grade cervical lesions and invasive cancers. However, low viral load cannot inevitably exclude progression towards cervical diseases. Moreover, few studies addressed whether viral load could predict infection clearance. OBJECTIVES: We carried out a retrospective study to analyze the variations of HPV16 load over time as a predictive marker of clinical outcome. STUDY DESIGN: The population consisted of 38 women who were found HR HPV positive by HCII test at study entry. Among them, 13 had developed a CIN2/3 (cases) and 25 had a negative HCII test and a normal cytology (controls) at study exit. The HPV16 DNA loads were quantified in 132 longitudinal cervical samples using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: At study entry, the median of HPV16 load was not statistically different between controls and cases. However, when using a cut-off value of 200 copies/10(3) cells, the rate of cumulative incidence of CIN2/3 at 18 months increased from 14% in women with a load200 copies/10(3) cells. The longitudinal analysis performed on follow-up samples showed that in cases the progression to CIN2/3 was linked to HPV16 burden increasing over time, whereas in controls a decrease of at least 1 log HPV16 DNA load was observed over>or=2 time points. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that kinetics of HPV load, rather than a single HPV detection, might be more reliable to estimate whether a HPV infection will progress or be cleared

Damage to forests and ozone pollution in nature reserves: the case of the Aralia pine (P. cembra) in S.-E . France

[IT] In regione mediterranea, nel sud-est della Francia, forti concentrazioni in ozono sono misurate da numerosi anni e i valori AOT 40 superano regolarmente Ie soglie europee di protezione della vegetazione e della foresta. Parallelamente, i sintomi dl ozono specifico (mottling) sono stati osservati sug li aghi dei coniferi, in particolare sui pino cembro (Pinus cembra) tra il 2006 e il 2008. Una cotrelazione tra i danni specifici sugli aghi anziani di uno 0 due anni e Ie concentrazioni in ozono e stata messa in ev idenza. Certi campioni fogliari, riprodotti in camera di fumigazione, sono stati sottomessi a un'analisi microscopica per valutare I'impatto dell 'ozono al livello cellulare. Uno studio di dispersione degli ossidi di azoto e stato realizzato nel dipartimento delle Alpi marittime allo scopo di spiegare I'origine dell'ozono misurato in altitudine.[FR] En region mediterraneenne, dans Ie Sud-Est de la France, de fortes con centrations en ozone sont mesurees depuis de nombreuses annees et les valeurs d' AOT 40 depassent regulierement les seuils europeens de protection de la vegetation et de la foret Parallelement, des sympt6mes d'ozone specifiques (mottling) ont ete observes sur les aiguilles des coniferes, en particulier sur I' arolle (Pinus cembra) entre 2006 et 2008. Une correlation entre les atteintes specifiques sur les aiguilles agees d'un et deux ans et les concentrations en ozone a ete mise en evidence. Certains echantillons foliaires, reproduits en chambre de fumigation, ont ete soumis a une analyse microscopique pour evaluer I'impact de I'ozone au niveau cellulaire. Une etude de dispersion des oxydes d'azote a ete rea lisee dans Ie departement des Alpes-Maritimes afin d'expliquer I'origine de I'ozone mesuree en altitude. Mots cles: Arolle, AOT, taches chlorotiques, microscopie, ozone et modelisation.[EN] In the south-eastern French Mediterranean region, high ozone concentrations have been recorded for many years and AOT 40 (average over threshold) values have been well above European target values for the protection of vegetation and forests. At the same time, combined and specific symptoms such as chlorotic mottles (stipples) were detected on tree foliage, in particular on Arolla pines (Pinus cembra) between 2006 and 2008. A correlation w as found between the stipples on one- and two-year-old needles and ozone concentrations. Some leaf samples with visible symptoms, reproduced in Open Top Chambers, were analysed under the microscope to evaluate the ozone impact on the cells . A dispersal study for nitrogen oxides has been carried out in the Alpes-Maritimes departement in order to determine the origin of the ozone measured at altitude.Sicard, P.; Vas, N.; Calatayud, V.; García Breijo, F.; Reig-Armiñana, J.; Sanz, M.; Dalstein-Richier, L. (2010). Dommages forestiers et pollution aI'ozone dans les reserves naturelle, Ie cas de I'arolle dans Ie sud-est de la France. Forêt Mediterranéenne. 31(3):273-286. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/136135S27328631