Donation after Brain Circulation Determination of Death

Background: The fundamental determinant of death in donation after circulatory determination of death is the cessation of brain circulation and function. We therefore propose the term donation after brain circulation determination of death [DBCDD]. Results: In DBCDD, death is determined when the cessation of circulatory function is permanent but before it is irreversible, consistent with medical standards of death determination outside the context of organ donation. Safeguards to prevent error include that: 1] the possibility of auto-resuscitation has elapsed; 2] no brain circulation may resume after the determination of death; 3] complete circulatory cessation is verified; and 4] the cessation of brain function is permanent and complete. Death should be determined by the confirmation of the cessation of systemic circulation; the use of brain death tests is invalid and unnecessary. Because this concept differs from current standards, consensus should be sought among stakeholders. The patient or surrogate should provide informed consent for organ donation by understanding the basis of the declaration of death. Conclusion: In cases of circulatory cessation, such as occurs in DBCDD, death can be defined as the permanent cessation of brain functions, determined by the permanent cessation of brain circulation

The Importance of Perioperative Administration of an Anti-Hyperalgesic Drug in Burn Wounds

The importance of perioperative administration of an anti-hyperalgesic drug in burn wounds

Aurora 3d Presentation Dalam Pembelajaran Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung Di Kelas IX SMPN 24 Banjarmasin

Software Aurora 3D Presentation yang merupakan media pembelajaran interaktif yang diadaptasi dari software sebelumnya yaitu Microsoft Power Point. Hanya saja, Aurora 3D Presentation menyajikan kemudahan dalam penggunaan animasi presentasi baik dua atau tiga dimensi. Aurora 3D Presentation dipilih dikarenakan software yang berbasis presenatsi dan tidak terlalu mengurangi peranan guru dalam proses pembelajaran, selain itu software ini memiliki fitur-fitur tiga dimensi yang mudah digunakan serta mendukung materi yang akan diajarkan atau diteliti yaitu bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar antara pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif Aurora 3D Presentation dan model pembelajaran konvensional pada materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung di Kelas IX SMPN 24 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2014/2015.Penelitian kali ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan jenis penelitian lapangan dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas IX.A, IX.B, IX.C, IX.D, IX.E, dan IX.B SMPN 24 Banjarmasin yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok atau dua kelas. Yaitu kelas eksperimen (kelompok uji coba) dan kelas kontrol (kelompok kendali) yang ditentukan melalui teknik Sample Random Sampling sehingga diperoleh kelas eksperimen adalah kelas IX.C dan kelas kontrol adalah kelas IX.A. Pada kedua kelas tersebut akan diberikan tes kemampuan awal, pre test, dan post test.Berdasarkan uji t pada hasil belajar siswa melalui post test, diperoleh harga thitung = 2.185dan ttabel = 2.000. Karena -ttabel ≤ thitung ≤ ttabel, maka Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak, kemudian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif Aurora 3D Presentation dan model pembelajaran konvensional pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung di kelas IX SMPN 24 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2014/2015

Decay accelerating factor (CD55) protects neuronal cells from chemical hypoxia-induced injury

Background: Activated complement system is known to mediate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration following exposure to hypoxic-ischemic insults. Therefore, inhibition of the complement activation cascade may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of ischemic brain injury. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, also known as CD55) inhibits complement activation by suppressing the function of C3/C5 convertases, thereby limiting local generation or deposition of C3a/C5a and membrane attack complex (MAC or C5b-9) production. The present study investigates the ability of DAF to protect primary cultured neuronal cells subjected to sodium cyanide (NaCN)-induced hypoxia from degeneration and apoptosis. Methods: Cultured primary cortical neurons from embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned one of four groups: control, DAF treatment alone, hypoxic, or hypoxic treated with DAF. Hypoxic cultures were exposed to NaCN for 1 hour, rinsed, followed by 24 hour exposure to 200 ng/ml of recombinant human DAF in normal medium. Human DAF was used in the present study and it has been shown to effectively regulate complement activation in rats. Neuronal cell function, morphology and viability were investigated by measuring plateau depolarization potential, counting the number dendritic spines, and observing TUNEL and MTT assays. Complement C3, C3a, C3a receptor (R) production, C3a-C3aR interaction and MAC formation were assessed along with the generation of activated caspase-9, activated caspase-3, and activated Src. Results: When compared to controls, hypoxic cells had fewer dendritic spines, reduced plateau depolarization accompanied by increased apoptotic activity and accumulation of MAC, as well as up-regulation of C3, C3a and C3aR, enhancement of C3a-C3aR engagement, and elevated caspase and Src activity. Treatment of hypoxic cells with 200 ng/ml of recombinant human DAF resulted in attenuation of neuronal apoptosis and exerted significant protection against neuronal dendritic spine loss and plateau depolarization reduction. Furthermore, treatment with DAF resulted in decreased accumulation of C3a, MAC, C3a-C3aR interaction, caspase-9, activated caspase-3, and pTyr416-Src (activated Src) tyrosine kinase. Conclusion: DAF was found to reduce neuronal cell death and apoptosis in NaCN induced hypoxia. This effect is attributed to the ability of DAF to limit complement activation and inhibit the activity of Src and caspases 9 and 3. This study supports the inhibiting of complement as a neuroprotective strategy against CNS ischemia/reperfusion injury

Cambiamento climatico, inquinamento atmosferico e aumento delle allergie respiratorie: solo una coincidenza o qualcosa di più? [Climate change, air pollution, and increase of respiratory allergies: just a coincidence or something more?].

It is well known that the prevalence of respiratory allergies has increased over time. At the same time, climate change has become part of our everyday life. The resulting question is whether this 'allergic epidemic' is linked to this aspect. It is assumed that the causes of the increase of respiratory allergies are mainly related to environmental factors and lifestyle: first, the improvement of social and health conditions and related hygiene hypothesis; secondly, lifestyle change and anthropogenic activities, which have caused an alteration in the balance normally existing between soil, water, and atmosphere, giving rise to the phenomena of climate change. In fact, it has been demonstrated that they can influence beginning, duration, and intensity of the pollen season, as well as the allergenicity of pollen. The consequence is both an increase in frequency and intensity of allergic symptomatology in subjects previously affected by allergy, and a promotion of the sensitization of the airways to allergens present in the atmosphere in predisposed subjects. Several intervention strategies aiming to mitigate climate change and reduce anthropogenic emissions and, consequently, respiratory allergies are possible and can be implemented on an individual and social level. It follows that the allergist cannot solve the problem of the progressive increase of respiratory allergies on his own. Anyway, his role can have both clinical and educational purposes with a special commitment to reduce health impact due to environmental risk factors. KEYWORDS: respiratory allergies; allergenic potential of pollen; climate change; pollution

Effect of Including Fermented Feather Meal as Substitution of Concentrate in the Basal Diet With Different Levels on the Performance of Landrace Crossbred Pigs

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding fermented feather mael (FFM) on pigs' performance, intake, and digestibility. There were 16 landrace crossbred pigs 2-3 months old with 6-19 kg (average 13.59 kg; CV= 29.59%) initial body weights used in the study. Trial method using complete block design 4 treatments with 4 replicates procedure was applied in the study. The 4 treatment feeds were formulated as: R0: basal diet with 100% concentrate without TBAT (control); R1: basal diet with 90% concentrate + 10% FFM; R2: basal diet with 80% concentrate + 20% FFM; and R3: basal diet with 70% concentrate + 30% FFM. Variables evaluated were feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion (performance) landrace crossbred pigs. Statistical analysis shows no significant (P>0.05) on feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The conclusion were that that including FFM into basal diet gave relative the same results in the feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion

The illness trajectory in Marilyn Monroe‘s psychological autopsy: from autism spectrum disorder to borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder with catatonia

Objective: A mounting body of literature is showing that, in the clinical and general population, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autistic traits (ATs) would appear to be spread along a continuum, reaching the highest levels among individuals affected by other mental disorders, such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Furthermore, individuals with ASD or ATs appear to be more vulnerable to psychological traumas, with greater likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and BD. Marilyn Monroe was a famous actress, singer and model, as well as one of the most admired stars of American cinema and a timeless icon. The present report debates the possibility to explore Marilyn Monroe’s case under a neurodevelopmental perspective according to which a ASD favored, on one hand, her worldwide success and, on the other, her mental illness trajectory. Method: The analysis is based on the review of her four biographies written by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, her complete filmography, interviews, filmed material and personal scripts. Results: The present work reconstructed a hypothetical illness trajectory originating from a ASD and culminating in a BD with unspecified catatonia, followed by premature death whose cause has never been clarified. The description of this illness trajectory also confirms the strong impact of psychological traumas on the substrate of ASD vulnerability and its correlation with the development of BPD and BD. Conclusions: This paper suggests Marilyn Monroe as a possible prototypical case of BPD under a neurodevelopmental perspective that accounts the ASD, as reported in DSM-5-TR (2022), in verbal adult without intellectual impairment, high-functioning autism (HFA), as vulnerability background predisposing to the progression to BPD and BD with unspecified catatonia, triggered by multiple traumas