Synthesis of N-Benzenesulfonyl-p-Coumaramide from p-Coumaric Acid

N-Benzenesulfonyl-p-Coumaramide has been synthesized from  p-qumarid acid. This research aimed to synthesized  N-Benzenesulfonyl-p-Coumaramidefrom p-qumarid acid. Targeted coumpound obtained  from two steps reaction. Whice were amidation and asilation. Shynthesized product was identified and characterized by melting point, thing Layer Chromatography analysis, FTIR Spectrhophotometer,  1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR. The result showed the obtained N-Benzenesulfonyl-p-Coumaramide was white solid ( yield 78.58 %) with melting point was 145-147 oC  and KLT (SiO2, n-hexane : cloroform = 6 : 4 v/v, Rf = 0.45)

Synthesis of the BCAC4ND2 Ionophore from p-t-Butylcalix[4]arene Ethylester

Abstrak Penelitian tentang sintesis ionofor BCAC4ND2 dari p-t-butilkaliks[4]arena etilester telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis ionofor BCAC4ND2 dari p-t-butilkaliks[4]arena etilester. Ionofor BCAC4ND2 disintesis dengan cara menghidrolisis p-t-butilkaliks[4]arena etilester dalam larutan KOH-etanol 95%. Reaksi hidrolisis ester terpromosi basa ini direfluks selama 28 jam pada suhu 78 oC. Ionofor BCAC4ND2 diidentifikasi dan dikarakterisasi dengan titik leleh, kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), spektrometer FTIR, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR. Ionofor BCAC4ND2 yang diperoleh berupa padatan putih (perolehan 62,38%), titik leleh 326-328 oC, dan KLT (SiO2, etanol : etilasetat = 1 : 1 v/v, Rf = 0,93).Abstract Research on the synthesis of the BCAC4ND2 ionophore from p-t-butylcalix[4]arene ethylester has been carried out. This study aims to synthesize the BCAC4ND2 ionophor from p-t-butylcalix[4]arene ethylester. The BCAC4ND2 ionophore is synthesized by hydrolyzing p-t-butylcalix[4]arene ethylester in aqueous KOH-ethanol of 95%. The hydrolysis reaction of these base-promoted esters are refluxed for 28 hours at 78 oC. The BCAC4ND2 ionophore was identified and characterized by melting point, thin layer chromatography (TLC), FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometers. The BCAC4ND2 ionophore obtained was in the form of white solid (62.38% recovery), a melting point 326-328 oC, and TLC (SiO2, ethanol : ethylacetate = 1 : 1 v/v, Rf = 0.93)

Study of Reaction Conditions for the Synthesis of Methyl Oleic from Used Cooking Oil

Abstrak Penelitian tentang studi kondisi reaksi sintesis metil oleat dari minyak jelantah telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB) minyak jelantah dengan menggunakan adsorben arang aktif biji alpukat; (2) menentukan kondisi optimum reaksi sintesis metil oleat dari minyak jelantah; (3) menentukan kualitas metil oleat; (4) mengkarakterisasi metil oleat dengan FTIR. Metil oleat diperoleh melalui dua tahap, yaitu tahap pemurnian dan sintesis. Pada tahap pemurnian, 150 mL minyak jelantah diadsorpsi dengan (2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10) g arang aktif biji alpukat selama 2 jam pada suhu 70oC. Hasil pemurnian menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif biji alpukat dapat menurunkan kadar ALB minyak jelantah sebesar 93,79% (b/b). Pada tahap sintesis, metil oleat disintesis dengan menggunakan perbandingan mol (triolein : metanol) (1 : 3), (1 : 6), dan (1 : 9), serta konsentrasi NaOH (1, 8, dan 16) % (b/b) dari berat minyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum reaksi sintesis metil oleat dari minyak jelantah dengan rendemen tertinggi (84,32% b/b) adalah rasio mol (triolein : metanol) (1 : 9) dengan konsentrasi NaOH 1% (b/b). Kualitas metil oleat yang dihasilkan memenuhi syarat sebagai biodiesel menurut SNI 04-7182-2015 dengan nilai bilangan iodin 4,44 g I2/sampel, angka penyabunan 114,44 mg KOH/g sampel, angka setana 82,96, kadar air 0,03% (b/b), dan bilangan asam 0,71 mg KOH/g sampel. Hasil karakterisasi metil oleat dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa metil oleat memiliki tipe serapan gugus fungsi yang khas dari senyawa ester asam lemak tak jenuh.Abstract Research on the study of the reaction conditions for the synthesis of methyl oleic from used cooking oil has been carried out. This study aims to: (1) reduce levels of free fatty acids (FFA) used cooking oil using activated charcoal adsorbent avocado seed; (2) determining the optimum conditions for the synthesis of methyl oleic from used cooking oil; (3) determining the quality of methyl oleic; (4) characterized methyl oleic by FTIR. Methyl oleic was obtained in two stages, namely the purification and synthesis stages. In the purification stage, 150 mL of used cooking oil was adsorbed with (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) g of avocado seed activated charcoal for 2 hours at 70oC. The purification results showed that the avocado seed activated charcoal could reduce the FFA content of used cooking oil by 93.79% (w/w). In the synthesis stage, methyl oleic was synthesized using the mol ratio (triolein : methanol) (1 : 3), (1 : 6), and (1 : 9), as well as the concentration of NaOH (1, 8, and 16)% (w/w) by weight of oil. The results showed that the optimum condition for the synthesis of methyl oleic from used cooking oil with the highest yield (84.32% w/w) was the mol ratio (triolein : methanol) (1 : 9) with a concentration of NaOH 1% (w/w). The quality of the resulting methyl oleic meets the requirements as biodiesel according to INS 04-7182-2015 with an iodine number value of 4.44 g I2/sample, saponification number of 114.44 mg KOH/g sample, cetane number of 82.96, water content of 0.03% (w/w), and the acid number of 0.71 mg KOH/g sample. The results of characterization of methyl oleic by FTIR showed that methyl oleic had a typical functional group absorption type of unsaturated fatty acid esters

Sintesis N-p-Metilbenzil-p-Kumaramida dari Asam p-Kumarat

N-p-Methylbenzyl-p-coumaramide has been synthesized from p-coumaric acid. The purpose of this study was to synthesize N-p-methylbenzyl-p-coumaramide compounds from p-coumaric acid. The N-p-methylbenzyl-p-coumaramide target compound was obtained by direct conversion method using a orthoboric acid catalyst. Target compounds were identified and characterized by melting point, TLC test, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometer. The results showed that N-p-methylbenzyl-p-coumaramide compound obtained was white solid (yield 75.83%) with melting point 156-158 oC and TLC (SiO2, n-hexane : chloroform = 5: 3 v/v, Rf = 0.37).

Synthesis of Nitro Ethyl Oleic from Used Cooking Oil

Nitro ethyl oleic has been synthesized from used cooking oil. This study aims to synthesize nitro ethyl oleic from used cooking oil. The target compounds of nitro ethyl oleic are obtained through four stages, namely the stages of purification, esterification, transesterification, and nitration. From the purification stage of used cooking oil with sago pulp activated charcoal adsorbent is obtained fragrant and delicious pure cooking oil, yellow with water content of 0.13%, acid number 1.10 mg KOH/g fat, FFA level of 1.57%, and turbidity of 2.45 NTU. From the esterification stage was obtained methyl oleic (r = 0.887 g/cm3) and oil (triolein) in light brown with FFA level of 0.34%. From the transesterification stage was obtained ethyl oleic (83.33% acquisition) in the form of yellow liquid (r = 0.902 g/cm3), fragrant, and boiling point 77oC. From the nitration stage was obtained nitro ethyl oleic (66.67% acquisition) in the form of blackish brown liquid (r = 1.587 g/cm3), typical of biodiesel with a boiling point of 80oC. 

Synthesis of Glucopyranosyl Acetic from Sago Flour as Raw Material for the Synthetic Polymers

Synthesis of glucopyranosyl acetic from sago flour as raw material for the synthetic polymers has been successfully carried out. The synthesis product is obtained through two reaction stages, namely the hydrolysis and esterification reactions. Sago flour is hydrolyzed with 25% HCl and neutralized with 45% NaOH. Glucose hydrolysis of sago starch and acetic anhydride was esterified using a zinc chloride catalyst. Synthesis product was obtained as a white solid substance (57.31% recovery), a melting point of 110 - 111oC, and Rf 0.79 on TLC (SiO2, n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 9:1 v/v). The results of the analysis of synthesis products with FTIR and GC-MS spectrometers showed that the synthesis product was glucopyranosyl acetic or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl glucopyranose

Antituberculosis Activity Test of N-p-Methylbenzyl-p-coumaramide (MBC) Against M. tuberculosis H37Rv

An antituberculosis activity test of N-p-Methylbenzyl-p-coumaramide (MBC) against M. tuberculosis H37Rv has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the antituberculosis activity of MBC against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The study was conducted using agar diffusion method. The test solution was prepared by dissolving MBC in 20 mL Ogawa medium to a final concentration of 0.25; 0.50; 1; and 2 mg/L. PDA media that had been inoculated with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (seeded agar) were poured over the base layer on the petridish surface. Paper disks that have been immersed in the test solution were put symmetrically on the seeded agar. Furthermore, the seeds were incubated at 37 oC for 48 hours. Then the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured to the accuracy of 0.5 mm with a ruler. The results showed that MBC has biological activity as an antituberculosis. MBC can inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv at a concentration of 0.25; 0.50; 1; and 2 mg/L with a diameter of inhibitory zones respectively 8.9; 13.7; 18.5; and 21.3 mm. This showed that the inhibition of MBC on the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv increased with increasing concentration of MBC used

Biosynthesis of Methyl Esters from Used Cooking Oil (UCO) using Lipase Enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae on Moldy Copra

The successful production of methyl esters from used cooking oil (UCO) using lipase enzymes from Aspergillus oryzae on moldy copra has been achieved. This method offers an eco-friendly substitute for crude palm oil (CPO) in generating methyl esters or biodiesel, contributing to waste reduction, economic benefits, and lowered greenhouse gas emissions for sustainable development. This study aimed to synthesize methyl esters from UCO using the Aspergillus oryzae lipase enzyme sourced from moldy copra. The enzyme was purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration column chromatography. Electrophoresis validated its purity, and activity was assessed through the Erdmann and Lowry method. Methyl ester synthesis involved transesterification with a UCO (1 mol): methanol (9 mol): lipase enzyme (15% v/v) ratio. The enzyme displayed notable characteristics, including 43.76 units/mg protein activity, a 41.7 kDa molecular weight, optimum pH of 8.2, temperature preference of 35°C, Km of 0.046, and a 1.926 µmol/minute Vmax. This enzyme efficiently catalyzed UCO (triolein) into methyl ester (methyl oleate), yielding 75.65%. Characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) revealed specific functional groups like –OH carboxylic acid, C=C alkenes, C=O esters, methyl (CH3-), and methylene (-CH2-). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified prominent compounds: methyl palmitate (12.53%), methyl vacsenate (16.44%), and, notably, methyl oleate (41.08%). This underscores the potential of Aspergillus oryzae lipase as an effective biocatalyst for UCO transesterification, yielding valuable methyl esters or biodiesel

Synthesis of Ionophore from p-t-Butyl-(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arene Substituted Amide

The ionophore has been successfully synthesized from p-t-butyl(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arene subtituted amide. The ionophore was obtained in two steps of the synthesis reaction. The first step is the chlorination reaction of p-t-butyl(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arene with thionyl chloride in dry benzene solvent. The product of the chlorination reaction is p-t-butyl(chloroacetylmethoxy)calix[4]arene in the form of the light brown viscous liquid with the rendemen of 78.25% and TLC (SiO2, CH3OH : CH2Cl2 = 1 : 1 v/v, Rf = 0.65). The second step is the amidation reaction of p-t-butyl(chloroacetylmethoxy) calix[4]arene with dimethylamine in dry tetrahydrofuran solvent. The product of the amidation reaction is p-t-butyl(dimethylcarbamoylmethoxy)-calix[4]arene or the DIMECAC4ND3 ionophore in the form of white solid with the rendemen of 60.75%, a melting point of 277-279 °C, and TLC (SiO2, CH3OH : CH2Cl2 = 1 : 1 v/v, Rf = 0.82)

Extraction of The Chemical Components of Dengen Leaves (Dillenia serrata Thunb) by MAE Method and Activity Test as Antioxidant and Toxicity

Research on the extraction of chemical components of Dengen (Dillenia serrata Thumb) leaves using the MAE (microwave-assisted extraction) method and activity as an antioxidant and toxicity test has been carried out. This study aimed to extract the chemical components of Dengen leaves using the MAE method and to test the antioxidant activity and toxicity of the ethanol extract of Dengen leaves. The chemical components of Dengen leaves were extracted by the MAE method and obtained ethanol extract with a yield of 47%. Dengen leaves ethanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane and ethanol as solvents and obtained yields of 5% (n-hexane) and 65% (ethanol). The chemical components of Dengen leave ethanol extract were identified by phytochemical screening. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, terpenoids, and steroids. The antioxidant activity test of the ethanol extract of Dengen leaves was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrihydrazil) method and obtained the value of IC50 = 100,363 ppm (strong antioxidant). A toxicity test of the ethanol extract of Dengen leaves was carried out using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method and obtained the value of LC50 = 18.3443 ppm (very toxic)