THE DEMAND FOR SWEET SPREADS: DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS FOR DETAILED COMMODITIES

In this paper we estimate the price and income elasticities for five sweet spreads using a two-stage budgeting procedure. The first stage modeled the consumer's budget decision as a Tobit model, where total sweet spread expenditures are based on income and demographic variables. The second stage, including only those households with nonzero first stage expenditures, was treated as a standard consumer allocation problem using the AIDS model. To incorporate population demographics, the AIDS model was expanded by specifying the constant term as a linear function of demographic variables. The coefficients for the prices and expenditures are highly significant and demand is elastic for all five goods. The most significant demographic effects are due to household size, and female food shopper. The theoretical restrictions of homogeneity and symmetry were tested and rejected for the complete system.Demand and Price Analysis,

Cytological studies on mosses from Papua New Guinea : 1., introduction and the family Orthotrichaceae.

Chromosome numbers with information on meiotic behaviour are recorded for the first time for the following taxa in the family Orthotrichaceae from Papua New Guinea - Desmotheca apiculata (Dozy & Molk.) Lindb. ex Card. n=6; Macromitrium incurvifolium (Hook. & Grev.) Schwaegr. n=9, M. longicaule C. Muell. n=6 (5+X/y), M. orthostichum Nees ex Schwaegr. n=7 (6+ X/y), M. salakanum C. Muell. n=9, M. similirete Bartr. n=9. M. streimannii Vitt n=9 (8+m); Schlotheimia emarginato-pilosa Herz. n=9 and S. macgregorii Broth. & Geh. n=11

Inbreeding : its meaning, uses, and effects on farm animals

"Various mating schemes of animals are classified under two broad categories-inbreeding and outbreeding. Classification depends on the closeness of the biological relationship between mates. Within each category, a wide variation in intensity of this relationship exists. A very fine line separates the two categories. Mating closely related animals (for example, parent and offspring, full brother and sister or half brother and sister) is inbreeding. With less closely related animals (first cousins, second cousins), people disagree about where to draw the line between inbreeding and outbreeding. Technically, inbreeding is defined as the mating of animals more closely related than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned. Matings between animals less closely related than this, then, would constitute outbreeding. These two systems of mating, with varying intensities in each, are illustrated in Figure l. Matings indicated within the inbreeding category are self-explanatory; those within the outbreeding category are defined in the glossary."--First page.Dale Vogt, Helen Swartz, and John Massey (Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture)New 1/86/6

Inbreeding : its meaning, uses and effects on farm animals (1993)

Technically, inbreeding is defined as the mating of animals more closely related than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned. Matings between animals less closely related than this, then, would constitute outbreeding. These two systems of mating are described in this publication

Review of Clinical Questions Submitted to Norwegian Drug Information Centres Concerning Administration and Dosage to Older Patients of Relevance to Patient-Centric Care

Patient-centric care entails optimising healthcare provision to patients based on their perspective and opinion. It involves appropriate treatment at a reasonable cost and a focus on patient characteristics in the decision-making process to make it more personally useful. The optimisation of medicines in the older population is a challenge due to physiological changes, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. Furthermore, patient-centric care is difficult to achieve due to the high proportion of patients with dementia and frailty. Decision support concerning the appropriateness of indication, formulation, dose, administration, co-prescribing, and length of treatment to older patients is frequently in demand. In the current study, we aimed to review clinical questions concerning administration and dosage to older patients of relevance to patient-centric care. We analysed questions concerning medicines to patients 65 years or older in the database of the network of Norwegian drug information centres from 2010 to 2020. The analysis included the distribution of drugs, diseases, and recurring topics among the questions. Through a Boolean search that combined the indexed categories of “older” and “administration and dosage”, we retrieved 84 question-answer pairs. Questions about psychotropic and cardiovascular drugs in relation to therapy, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacokinetics dominated, and more than 60% of the questions came from physicians. Topics relevant to patient-centric pharmacotherapy were drug withdrawal (10 questions), drug formulation (8 questions), drug initiation (8 questions), and switching drugs (5 questions). One question concerned drug withdrawal and switching, and one question drug formulation and switching. Answers provided decision support regarding appropriate formulations of drugs to patients with dementia who chew capsules or tablets, the use of parenteral administration in patients who refuse to take oral formulations, and the pharmacokinetics of transdermal or rectal drug administration. The results highlight the importance of including pharmacological factors in the assessment of the acceptability and appropriateness of oral and parenteral medicine to older patients.publishedVersio

Integrating Sustainable Development and Children’s Rights: A Case Study on Wales

The global disconnect between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), has been described as ‘a missed opportunity’. Since devolution, the Welsh Government has actively pursued a ‘sustainable development’ and a ‘children’s rights’ agenda. However, until recently, these separate agendas also did not contribute to each other, although they culminated in two radical and innovative pieces of legislation; the Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure (2013) and the Well-being and Future Generations (Wales) Act (2015). This article offers a case study that draws upon the SDGs and the CRC and considers how recent guidance to Welsh public bodies for implementation attempts to contribute to a more integrated approach. It suggests that successful integration requires recognition of the importance of including children in deliberative processes, using both formal mechanisms, such as local authority youth forums, pupil councils and a national youth parliament, and informal mechanisms, such as child-led research, that enable children to initiate and influence sustainable change

Teaching Psychological Principles to Cybersecurity Students

This paper will discuss our observations gained from teaching psychological principles and methods to undergraduate and postgraduate cybersecurity students. We will draw on and extend our previous work encouraging the teaching of psychology in computing and cybersecurity education. We pay special attention to the consideration of characteristics of cybersecurity students in terms of teaching psychology in a way that will be accessible and engaging. We then discuss the development and use of an online training tool which draws on psychology to help educators and companies to raise awareness of cybersecurity risks in students and employees. Finally, we offer some practical suggestions to incorporate psychology into the cybersecurity curriculum