Rancangan Pembangunan Hutan Rakyat Di Indonesia

Masterplan of Community Forest Development in Indonesia. Community forest is a forest area which owned by people with a minimum of 0.25 ha with a canopy of woody plants and/or other plant species more than 50 % and/or in the first year with plants of at least 500 plants per hectare.The main purpose of development community forests are to increase the productivity of marginal lands, helping the diversify of agricultural products who needed by society, prepare of timber and building materials industries as well as fire wood, increasing farmers's in come in rural communities and enhancing their welfare, also improve the water system and the environment specially on land belongs to the people who are in the up stream waters hield protection areas. Forest development program hopefully not only produce of woods but also produce the other commodities and services, such as foods, fodders, medicines,etc. which considered a balance of ecology, social and economy. The development of community forests can also support and provide solutions in forestry problems with the way recovery the forests which transformed into shrubs and weeds, also change people's behavior by providing jobs for the community. With the development of community forests can support the availability of job for the community which impact on income for them

Kajian Pendekatan Rehabilitasi Lahan Kritis Melalui Pengembangan Mamar

Dy on Rehabilitation Approach of Critical Farm by Exploiting of Mamar. Mamar is one of the permanent agricultural practises developed around a water source, using long-aged plants (hard plants), such as, coconuts, battle, mango, bananas, oranges and others as well as brushes or grasses for animal feeds. Practise of mamar in Kupang Regency is still communal so that development model of this can give positive impacts on safety of human activities and fire. The research was executed at mamar in Oebola, Camplong, Tuatuka, Pukdale, Oenesu, and Manulai villages, Kupang Regency, for 8 months, using survey and interview methods. Survey was conducted to find out characteristic ecosystem of mamar (soil, vegetation, climate, exploiting, and water). The result indicated that vegetations found at mamar covered Tectona grandis, Artocapus integra, Ficus benjamina, Tamarindus indica, Bamboo sp, Leucaena leucochepala, Mangifera indica, Cocos nucifera), Arecha catechu , Mozes parasidica, Zea mays, Dioschorea sp, and Arachis sp. Exploiting of soil, water, and vegetations at mamar was very abundant to various activities, such as, food and horticultural agriculture, and fishery that potentially, could degrade soil productivity, water infiltration, plasma nutfah reserve, and degrade income value and ecology improvement. Volume of water at mamar was 0.23±0.09 L/sec. These results showed that mamar can increase community income (that increase ± Rp 262,985), social and culture (it is due to the use of battle and battle nut in traditional life); rehabilitate critical/poor soil, and conserve soil and water

Dampak Perlakuan Perendaman Terhadap Sifat-sifat Silvikultur Faloak (Sterculia Comosa Wall)

The Effect of Dipping Treatment on Faloak (Sterculiacomosa Wallich) Silviculture Properties. Faloak is a species belongsto dry land that tends to decrease in population and may be endangered because of no silvicultural treatments. This study aims to determine the percentage and growth rate of Faloak at seedling level. A direct test through experimental techniques in nursery plots using complete randomized design (CRD) was used. The results of the study show that the percentage of the growth and the growth rate of Faloak seedlings are different depending on the types of treatments and duration of immersion. It is evident that 3 x 12 hours soaking treatment gives different effects compared to the control (without soaking treatment). The percentation of the growth and growth rate of the faloak increase with the increase of soaking times

Sustainable use and conservation of Vitex doniana Sweet: unlocking the propagation ability using stem cuttings

One of the major constraints for domesticating widely used wild tree resources by local communities is the lack of adequate propagation techniques. In the case of Vitex doniana, seed propagation has usually been reported difficult and vegetative regeneration is rarely explored. To understand how stem cutting size or hormone application affect the regeneration and early growth ability in that species we used two categories of cutting diameter (1cmVitex doniana to reduce the pressure on wild tree population in Benin

Kajian Populasi Dan Habitat Burung Endemik Dan Sebaran Terbatas Di Taman Wisata Alam Camplong

Study on Population and Habitat of Endemik and Restricted Range Birds in Camplong Natural Recreation Park. This research took place in Camplong Natural Recreation Park from March to October 2007, in order to estimate the population density and size of those birds, and to study their habitat, comprising their habitat composition and vegetation structure, stratification and altitude. The primary data were obtained by direct observation and interview. Data population was obtained by using Variable Circular Plot method ((Buckland et al., 1993; Kartono, 2000). Identification of birds and vegetation used literature study. The results showed that there were 45 species of birds recorded in the Park. Among them, 6 birds were Timor\u27s endemik, 18 were Nusa Tenggara endemik, and 24 were restricted range species. During one year, 9 restricted range birds were missing. The highest population density of the Bird was Meliphaga reticulata (27,500/km2, ranges from 28.979 to 26.021/km2), and followed by Gerygone innornata (25.000/km2, ranges from 24.572 to 25.428/km2). On the other hand, the lowest density of the bird was Heleia muelleri, one of the six endemik birds of Timor (0.833 /km2, ranges from 0.729 to 0.938 /km2. Vegetation in Camplong Natural Recreation Park recorded in various life stages showed that there were 63 trees, 27 poles, 28 saplings and 22 seedlings. Overall, there were 90 species of trees recorded in all strata. The highest Important Index Value (INP) of tree is taduk (30.6686 %), and generally tree species with the highest INP comprises A to B strata with canopy may reach 30 – 40 m in height. Pole is dominated by keolnasa (INP 68.8674 %). Sapling is also dominated by keolnasa (INP 75.2536 %), while seedling is dominated by Chromonela odorata, with INP reaching to 91.1337 %

Studi Dendrolgis Jenis-jenis Pohon Di Areal Kampus Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang

Study Dendrology of Trees Spesies in Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic. The research was conducted on field of Politani Kupang, in order to identify trees species located in Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang area. The research used Census method to collected materials on the field; Descriptive method to obtained special characteristics of plants, was held on the field and laboratory, and Identification to got trees name by compared the tree with its proponent literatures. The result showed that there were 36 species of trees from 14 families growing in Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang. Those were Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.u, Bombax ceiba Linn, Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf., Cassia siamea Lamk., Casuarina equisetifolia Blanco, Terminalia, Macaranga tanarius Muell. Arg., Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw., Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Bth., Acacia mangium Wiilld., Pterocarpus indicus Willd., Cassia fistula Linn., Pongamia pinnata Merr., Erythrina subumbrans Merr. Acacia famesiana Willd., Bauhinia monandra Kurz., Albizzia lebbek (L.) Benth., Dialium indum L., Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen jeunjing ), Adenanthera pavonina L., Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud., , Melia azedarach L.,Swietenia macrophylla King., Ficus benyamina L., Melaleuca leucadendron Linn., Santalum album L., Schleichera oleosa Merr., Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.

Designing User-Friendly Grids for the Gender-Specification of Rural, Semi-Urban, and Urban School Toilets in West Africa: Lessons from the Republic of Benin

Gender equity, quality education, and sanitation in rural and urban areas are widely considered as development imperatives. However, while many countries of the world are already far with the gendering of their schools’ toilets, most others still tend to systematically construct the same number of toilet cabins for female and male students, often ignoring specific needs associated with biophysical differences and disabilities among the students. This poor gendering of school toilets prevailed in the Republic of Benin until 2013, when, within the framework of the Pluriannual Water and Sanitation Programme (PPEA phase 2) funded by the Netherlands’ Ministry of Cooperation through its Embassy in the Republic of Benin, the Directorate of Hygiene and Sanitation of the Ministry of Public Health in collaboration with Water and Sanitation for Africa Agency, decided to launch a study for gender and disability specific toilets in primary and secondary schools. This original paper discusses the process towards the design of norms and grids for the calculation of toilet cabins and urinals needs of primary and secondary school students of rural, semi-urban, urban, Sahelian, Sudanian, lake, and coastal areas of the Republic of Benin. The study took place in four steps. The first step consisted of identifying key factors that affect the use of school toilets by students, especially female and disabled students. The second step consisted of observing and recording the use of school toilets by students, and building on those observations and records to estimate the number of toilet cabins and urinals required per agroecological and sociocultural area. The third step built on the results from the first and second steps to design simplified grids that allow sanitation and schools’ decision-makers to easily and quickly calculate the number of toilet cabins and urinals required for the target schools, per gender and disability. The fourth step consisted of building the capacities of potential users of the grids, for their relevant use. The findings indicate a variation of needs among primary and secondary schools, and the study zones, due to sociocultural and development differences. The grids have been in use in Benin since 2016 and it has easily helped to calculate gender-specific toilet needs in the study areas. After five years of use, their performance requires to be assessed for further adaptations. A further paper will report on the performance of these grids

Designing User-Friendly Grids for the Gender-Specification of Rural, Semi-Urban, and Urban School Toilets in West Africa: Lessons from the Republic of Benin

Gender equity, quality education, and sanitation in rural and urban areas are widely considered as development imperatives. However, while many countries of the world are already far with the gendering of their schools’ toilets, most others still tend to systematically construct the same number of toilet cabins for female and male students, often ignoring specific needs associated with biophysical differences and disabilities among the students. This poor gendering of school toilets prevailed in the Republic of Benin until 2013, when, within the framework of the Pluriannual Water and Sanitation Programme (PPEA phase 2) funded by the Netherlands’ Ministry of Cooperation through its Embassy in the Republic of Benin, the Directorate of Hygiene and Sanitation of the Ministry of Public Health in collaboration with Water and Sanitation for Africa Agency, decided to launch a study for gender and disability specific toilets in primary and secondary schools. This original paper discusses the process towards the design of norms and grids for the calculation of toilet cabins and urinals needs of primary and secondary school students of rural, semi-urban, urban, Sahelian, Sudanian, lake, and coastal areas of the Republic of Benin. The study took place in four steps. The first step consisted of identifying key factors that affect the use of school toilets by students, especially female and disabled students. The second step consisted of observing and recording the use of school toilets by students, and building on those observations and records to estimate the number of toilet cabins and urinals required per agroecological and sociocultural area. The third step built on the results from the first and second steps to design simplified grids that allow sanitation and schools’ decision-makers to easily and quickly calculate the number of toilet cabins and urinals required for the target schools, per gender and disability. The fourth step consisted of building the capacities of potential users of the grids, for their relevant use. The findings indicate a variation of needs among primary and secondary schools, and the study zones, due to sociocultural and development differences. The grids have been in use in Benin since 2016 and it has easily helped to calculate gender-specific toilet needs in the study areas. After five years of use, their performance requires to be assessed for further adaptations. A further paper will report on the performance of these grids