Dietary Intake of Metals from Fresh Cage-Reared Hens’ Eggs in Tenerife, Canary Islands

The concentrations of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co, B, Ba, Sr, Ni, Si, Al, Pb, and Cd) in cage-reared hens’ eggs have been determined in this study using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). There were significant differences in the metal content depending on the edible part of the egg, with the yolk having the greater concentrations of metals. The daily consumption of eggs (24.3 g/person/day for children and 31.2 g/person/day for adults) contributes to the intake of trace metals, notably Fe (3.8% children, 3.2% women, and 6.5% men) and Zn (4.5% children, 6.6% women, and 4.9% men). In addition, the consumption of eggs does not imply a high contribution of toxic metals

Teor de metais pesados nas lamas de tratamento de águas residuais: estratégia de gestão para uma ilha oceânica

In recent years, the generation of sewage sludge has increased worldwide. Correct processing and management of this waste concerns all countries. This work presents a study of metal contents, i.e. of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni, in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in the northeastern region of the island of Tenerife. The study aimed at examining the sludge for potential suitability as a farmland fertilizer. Detected metal levels for Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni were extremely low (26.44, 544.01, 24.10, 37.05, and 8.04 mg/kg dw [dry weight], respectively). Cadmium levels were under quanti cation limit. Season-dependent, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in metal concentrations in sewage sludge were observed for Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb. Consequently, the application of sewage sludge to fertilize nutrient-deficient agricultural soils and soils degraded by human activity represents a fast and straightforward solution to the lack of such resources, particularly in an oceanic island.Durante los últimos años, la generación de lodos de depuradora ha aumentado en todo el mundo. El tratamiento y la gestión correctos de estos residuos son una cuestión que afecta a todos los países. Este trabajo presenta un estudio del contenido de metales, i.e. Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu y Ni, de los lodos de depuradora de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales situada en la zona noreste de la isla de Tenerife. El estudio tuvo por objeto estudiar los lodos para ver su posible idoneidad como fertilizante agrícola. Los niveles de metal detectados para Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu y Ni fueron extremadamente bajos (26,44, 544,01, 24,10, 37,05 y 8,04 mg/kg [peso seco], respectivamente). Los niveles de cadmio quedaron por debajo del límite de determinación. Se observaron diferencias dependientes de las estaciones que son estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en las concentraciones de Cu, Ni, Cr y Pb. Por consiguiente, el uso de lodos de depuradora para fertilizar suelos agrícolas que son pobres en nutrientes o que han sido degradados por la actividad humana es una solución rápida y sencilla a la escasez de tales recursos, particularmente en islas oceánicas.Nos últimos anos, a produção de lamas de águas residuais aumentou em todo o mundo. O tratamento e a gestão corretos deste resíduo são uma preocupação de todos os países. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os teores de metais, ou seja, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu e Ni, em lamas duma estação de tratamento de águas residuais no nordeste da ilha de Tenerife. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as lamas quanto à sua potencial adequação como fertilizante de terras agrícolas. Os níveis de metais detetados para Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu e Ni foram extremamente baixos (26,44, 544,01, 24,10, 37,05 e 8,04 mg/kg dw [peso seco], respetivamente). Os níveis de cádmio estavam abaixo do limite de quantificação. Foram observadas diferenças, estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05), dependentes da estação do ano nas concentrações de Cu, Ni, Cr e Pb. Consequentemente, a aplicação de lamas para fertilizar agriculturas, solos deficientes em nutrientes e solos degradados pela atividade humana representa uma solução rápida e direta para a insuficiência de tais recursos, particularmente numa ilha oceânica

Differences in macroelements, trace elements and toxic metals between wild and captive-reared greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) from the Mediterranean Sea

Despite its legislative regulation and control, the quality and safety of aquatic products is somewhat questioned due to the potential bioaccumulation of pollutants. The elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were determined in the liver and muscle of wild and captive-reared Seriola dumerili with the aim of studying possible differences between origins, and sex-related variations. Additionally, the dietary intake of these elements derived from its consumption was also evaluated. Most of the elements and metals analyzed were accumulated to a higher extent in the liver of wild specimens whereas lower differences were observed in the muscle. Overall, the elements and metal composition of wild females strongly differed from that of captive-reared specimens probably related to the mobilization of nutrients for the spawning season in wild mature females, which were greater than their captive-reared counterparts

Content of macroelements, trace elements and toxic metals in commercial honeys

Introduction: Honey is the natural product produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers. This sweet substance is consumed as a sweetener. The composition of honey is influenced by many factors, among which the environment is found. The increase of the environmental pollution and the capacity of bioaccumulation of metals in the honeys makes it necessary to determine the content of metals in this food. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the content of the elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg), essential and non-essential trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Mo, Co, B, Ba, Ni, Sr, V, Li) and toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb) to evaluate the nutritional contribution and the toxic risk Logic taking into account the recommended and maximum intake values, respectively. Material and methods: A total of 30 samples of commercial honeys acquired in large areas of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analyzed through ICP OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Results and discussion: K (879 mg/kg wet weight) is the most important element. Whereas, of the trace elements, the level of B (3.56 mg/kg ph) and Mn (3.00 mg/kg p. h) is notable. The Al (2.96 mg/kg ph) is the toxic metal that stands out, followed by Pb (0.04 mg/kg ph) and Cd (0.003 mg/kg ph). The consumption of 25 g/day of these honeys would be a significant contribution of Mn (3.26% men, 4.17% women) as well as a contribution percentage of 2.92% of the TDI of Pb. Conclusion: The consumption of these honeys would not pose a risk to the health of the adults

Differences in metallic content between marine vertebrates and invertebrates living in Oceanic Islands

El contenido metálico en cada clase de organismo varía de diferentes formas; según el metabolismo, el hábitat y el lugar de la red trófica en que se encuentre. En este estudio se han analizado 845 ejemplares de diferentes tipos de organismos vertebrados e invertebra-dos marinos de Canarias, de ellos se ha analizado el contenido de 20 metales y elementos traza (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V y Zn) en mg/ kg. En los análisis de PCoA se observa claramente cómo los organismos invertebrados y vertebrados se separan según su contenido metálico, existiendo diferencias significativas entre estos dos grupos en cada uno de los elementos traza y metales estudiados. Las espe-cies de invertebrados tienen la mayor concentración en todos los metales y oligoelementos, pueden tener una mayor concentración de metales que los vertebrados debido a que tienen un crecimiento muy rápido, y con ello una alta tasa metabólica que hace que se bioacumulen concentraciones más altas de los elementos.El contenido metálico en cada clase de organismo varía de diferentes formas; según el metabolismo, el hábitat y el lugar de la red trófica en que se encuentre. En este estudio se han analizado 845 ejemplares de diferentes tipos de organismos vertebrados e invertebra-dos marinos de Canarias, de ellos se ha analizado el contenido de 20 metales y elementos traza (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V y Zn) en mg/ kg. En los análisis de PCoA se observa claramente cómo los organismos invertebrados y vertebrados se separan según su contenido metálico, existiendo diferencias significativas entre estos dos grupos en cada uno de los elementos traza y metales estudiados. Las espe-cies de invertebrados tienen la mayor concentración en todos los metales y oligoelementos, pueden tener una mayor concentración de metales que los vertebrados debido a que tienen un crecimiento muy rápido, y con ello una alta tasa metabólica que hace que se bioacumulen concentraciones más altas de los elementos

Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) from the Consumption of Cereals in Canary Islands

The Canary Islands is an archipelago that consumes cereals and derivatives imported from other regions of the world. The increase in contamination with toxic metals makes it necessary to assess the content of toxicological metals of interest to ensure quality and safety. The content of toxic metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Sr) was determined in 221 samples of cereals and derivatives (corn, wheat, gofio, corn gofio, barley gofio, roasted corn and flour) marketed in the Canary Islands using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) to assess dietary exposure. Al content recorded in barley gofio (29.5 mg/kg fresh weight) stands out. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb is 52 µg/day if 100 g/day of barley gofio is consumed (121% and 240% of the BMDL nephrotoxicity limit set by the EFSA at 0.63 µg/kg body weight/day for adults and children, respectively). The EDI of PB is 16 µg/day if 30 g barley gofio/day is consumed by adults (36.2% of the abovementioned BMDL nephrotoxicity limit). The EDI of Pb is 7.8 µg/day if 15 g barley gofio/day is consumed by children (32.2% of the abovementioned BMDL nephrotoxicity limit). Gofio is a food of high nutritional value. It is necessary to establish monitoring programs for toxic metals in raw materials and processed products to reduce exposure levels

Lead and Cadmium in meat and meat products consumed by a Spanish population (Tenerife Island, Spain)

International audienceThe aim of this study was to determine the levels of lead and cadmium in chicken, pork, beef, lamb and turkey samples (both meat and meat products), collected in the island of Tenerife (Spain). The levels of lead and cadmium were measured by GFAAS. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the chicken meat samples were 6.94 and 1.68 ìg kg-1 respectively; 5.00 and 5.49 ìg kg-1 in the pork meat samples; 1.91 and 1.90 ìg kg-1 in the beef meat samples and 1.35 as well as 1.22 ìg kg-1 in the lamb meat samples. Lead was below the detection limit in the turkey samples and their mean cadmium concentration was 5.49 ìg kg-1. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the chicken meat products samples were 3.16 and 4.15 ìg kg-1 respectively; 4.89 and 6.50 ìg kg-1 in the pork meat products samples; 6.72 and 4.76 ìg kg-1 in the beef meat products samples and 9.12 and 5.98 ìg kg-1 in the turkey meat products samples. The contribution, in %, of the two considered metals to the PTWIs (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake), was calculated for meat and meat products. A statistical analysis of the differences in lead and cadmium concentrations was, also, carried out. Significant differences were found for the lead content in meats between the chicken and pork groups and the turkey and beef groups, whereas regarding the cadmium concentrations measured in meats, significant differences were observed between the turkey and the chicken, beef and lamb groups. In meat products, no clear differences were observed for lead and cadmium between the various considered groups

Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, and Pb) in Instant Soups: An Assessment of Dietary Intake

Instant soups and noodles are one of the most widely consumed commercial food products. These products are made from ingredients of animal (chicken, meat) and/or vegetable origin, in addition to various food additives that prolong the shelf life of the product. It should be noted that instant soups are a dehydrated product, whose water-removal process can increase the accumulation of contaminants, such as toxic metals (Al, Cd, or Pb), that are harmful to the health of consumers. The content of toxic metals (Al, Cd, and Pb) in a total of 130 samples of instant soups of different types (poultry, meat, and vegetables) was determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry). The Al content (32.28 ± 19.26), the Cd content (0.027 ± 0.016), and the Pb content (0.12 ± 0.13) in the vegetable soups were worth mentioning. Considering an intake of twenty grams (recommended by the manufacturer), the dietary intake of Al (19.56% of the TWI set at 1 mg/kg bw/week), the intake of Cd (6.59% of the TWI set at 2.5 µg/kg bw/week), and the Pb intake (16.18% of the BMDL set for nephrotoxic effects at 0.63 µg/kg bw/week and 6.84% of the BMDL set for cardiovascular effects at 1.50 µg/kg bw/week) in the population aged 3–10 years, instant soups are not recommended for the population aged 3–10 years, while their consumption does not pose a health risk for adults. However, it is necessary to consider the cooking water used in the preparation of these products, as it may increase exposure to these toxic metals, in addition to the rest of the diet

Baby Food Jars as a Dietary Source of Essential (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, Mn) and Toxic Elements (Al, Cd, Pb, B, Ba, V, Sr, Li, Ni)

Baby food from jars is made of meat, vegetables or fruits, and might be a valuable source of essential elements such as Na or K. However, these infant products could also be a source of toxic elements such as Al or Cd, which are dangerous to infants. In total, 45 samples of various kinds of baby food in jars (meat, vegetables, fruit and mixed) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP OES) with the aim of evaluating the daily intake of essential elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, Mn) and dietary exposure to toxic elements (Al, Cd, Pb, B, Ba, V, Sr, Li, Ni). Mixed jars registered the highest concentrations of Na, Ca, Zn, Fe. Al (8.22 ± 8.97 mg/kg wet weight) stands out in vegetable jars. In total, 130 g/day of mixed jars fulfills daily Zn and Ca requirements. These consumption scenarios (130 g/day, 250 g/day) supposed high Mn intakes (40 times higher than the recommended value), which could pose a risk to infants’ health. Pb, Ni, Cd and Al intakes exceed the maximum values. It is recommended to avoid the daily consumption of these products since it can pose a risk to the health of infants. Chemical compounds studied in this article: Nitric acid (PubChem: CID 944)

Teor de metais pesados nas lamas de tratamento de águas residuais: estratégia de gestão para uma ilha oceânica

In recent years, the generation of sewage sludge has increased worldwide. Correct processing and management of this waste concerns all countries. This work presents a study of metal contents, i.e. of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni, in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in the northeastern region of the island of Tenerife. The study aimed at examining the sludge for potential suitability as a farmland fertilizer. Detected metal levels for Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni were extremely low (26.44, 544.01, 24.10, 37.05, and 8.04 mg/kg dw [dry weight], respectively). Cadmium levels were under quanti cation limit. Season-dependent, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in metal concentrations in sewage sludge were observed for Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb. Consequently, the application of sewage sludge to fertilize nutrient-deficient agricultural soils and soils degraded by human activity represents a fast and straightforward solution to the lack of such resources, particularly in an oceanic island.Durante los últimos años, la generación de lodos de depuradora ha aumentado en todo el mundo. El tratamiento y la gestión correctos de estos residuos son una cuestión que afecta a todos los países. Este trabajo presenta un estudio del contenido de metales, i.e. Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu y Ni, de los lodos de depuradora de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales situada en la zona noreste de la isla de Tenerife. El estudio tuvo por objeto estudiar los lodos para ver su posible idoneidad como fertilizante agrícola. Los niveles de metal detectados para Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu y Ni fueron extremadamente bajos (26,44, 544,01, 24,10, 37,05 y 8,04 mg/kg [peso seco], respectivamente). Los niveles de cadmio quedaron por debajo del límite de determinación. Se observaron diferencias dependientes de las estaciones que son estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en las concentraciones de Cu, Ni, Cr y Pb. Por consiguiente, el uso de lodos de depuradora para fertilizar suelos agrícolas que son pobres en nutrientes o que han sido degradados por la actividad humana es una solución rápida y sencilla a la escasez de tales recursos, particularmente en islas oceánicas.Nos últimos anos, a produção de lamas de águas residuais aumentou em todo o mundo. O tratamento e a gestão corretos deste resíduo são uma preocupação de todos os países. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os teores de metais, ou seja, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu e Ni, em lamas duma estação de tratamento de águas residuais no nordeste da ilha de Tenerife. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as lamas quanto à sua potencial adequação como fertilizante de terras agrícolas. Os níveis de metais detetados para Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu e Ni foram extremamente baixos (26,44, 544,01, 24,10, 37,05 e 8,04 mg/kg dw [peso seco], respetivamente). Os níveis de cádmio estavam abaixo do limite de quantificação. Foram observadas diferenças, estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05), dependentes da estação do ano nas concentrações de Cu, Ni, Cr e Pb. Consequentemente, a aplicação de lamas para fertilizar agriculturas, solos deficientes em nutrientes e solos degradados pela atividade humana representa uma solução rápida e direta para a insuficiência de tais recursos, particularmente numa ilha oceânica