Hydatid Disease Involving Some Rare Locations in the Body: a Pictorial Essay

Hydatid disease (HD) is an endemic illness in many countries, and it poses an important public health problem that's influenced by peoples' socioeconomic status and migration that spreads this disease. Although rare, it may occur in any organ or tissue. The most common site is the liver (59-75%), followed in frequency by lung (27%), kidney (3%), bone (1-4%) and brain (1-2%). Other sites such as the heart, spleen, pancreas and muscles are very rarely affected. Unusual sites for this disease can cause diagnostic problems. This pictorial essay illustrates various radiological findings of HD in the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, peritoneal cavity, omentum, adrenal, ovary, lung, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Familiarity with the imaging findings of HD may be helpful in making an accurate diagnosis and preventing potential complications

Effets de l'effeuillage et de l'écimage sur les rendements en feuilles et en racines du manioc et de la patate douce

Réunion: Symposium triennal sur les plantes-racines de la Société internationale pour les plantes-racines tropicales - Direction Afrique, 8-12 sept. 1980, Ibadan, NGDans IDL-471

An overview of cassava in Africa

Cassava is one of the most important staple food crops in Africa. It is a major source of energy for over 200 million people in the continent. The ten countries in the world whose food energy comes mostly from cassava are all in Africa. More cassava is now being produced in Africa than in South America where the crop originated. Apart from the production of tuberous roots, millions of tons of cassava leaves are harvested and used as a vegetable which provides protein, vitamins and minerals. The crop's production is among the most stable of the world's major food crops. It is adapted to the diverse African farming systems, can grow on a wide range of soils, is an efficient producer of calories and its capability for protein production is higher than commonly realised. Despite the numerous advantages that cassava offers, there were limited research and development activities on the crop in Africa until comparatively recently. This is because the crop was for long and erroneously considered to be of inferior status because it is oflow value. There is also a perceived inverse relationship between cassava consumption and standard ofliving. Most African governments have been importing large quantities of grain, mainly to satisfy politically active urban populations. This discourages farmers in rural areas from producing cassava, which is generally well adapted to local environmental conditions. Concerted national, regional and international efforts are now being made to overcome the numerous constraints that limit cassava production in Africa. There are several serious challenges facing cassava researchers in Africa today; key among these are the need to address the problems of low yield, pests, diseases and weeds. There is also a need for studies on intercropping, cassava farming systems, post-harvest technology and cyanogenesis, and for training cassava researchers and those engaged in technology transfer. Moreover, varieties are required that are adapted to lowland conditions, to a range of growing seasons and with mealy cooking quality and drought tolerance. The effectiveness with which these challenges are met will largely determine whether the need for food security in the continent is realised.Key Words: Manihot esculenta, food security, adaptation, post-harvest, pests, diseases, weeds, intercropping  Le manioc est une des cultures vivrières les plus importantes en Afrique. C'est une source majeure d'énergie pour plus de 200 millions d'habitants sur le continent. Les dix pays du monde, dont l'énergie alimentaire provient essentiellement du manioc, se trouvent en Afrique. Celle-ci produit aujourd 'hui plus de manioc que Amérique du Sud. Independamment de la production de tubercules, des millions de tonnes de feuilles de manioc sont récoltées et utilisées comme égume pour un apport en proteines, vitamines et sels minéraux. La production est une des plus stables parmi celles des cultures vivrières mondiales. Le manioc est adapté à la diversité des systèmes de culture africains, peut pousser dans une grande variété de sols, s'avère un efficace producteur de calories et son aptitude à fournir des protéines est plus grande qu'on ne le pense. Malgré les nombreux avantages qu'offre le manioc, les activités de recherche et développement sur cette culture en Afrique ont été réduites, et cela jusqu'à une date relativement récente. C'est parce que cette culture fut considérée pendant longtemps, et de façon erronée, comme de statut inférieur, car peu couteuse. La consommation du manioc est également perçue comme étant en relation inverse avec le niveau de vie. La plupart des gouvernements africains importent de grandes quantités de grains, principalement pour satisfaire politiquement les populations actives des villes, ce qui décourage les agriculteurs en zones rurales de produire du manioc, genéralement bien adapté àl'environnement local. Des efforts concertés, à 1' échelle nationale, régionale et internationale, sont actuellement entrepris pour surmonter les contraintes nombreuses qui limitent la production du manioc en Afrique. Les chercheurs qui travaillent aujourd 'hui sur le manioc en Afrique sont confrontés à plusieurs défis sérieux. Parmi ceux-ci, la nécessité de se saisir du problème des bas endements et de celui des ravageurs, maladies et mauvaises herbes. Il y a également un besoin de recherche sur les cultures associées, les systèmes de culture, les technologies post-récolte et la cyanogénèse; ainsi qu'un besoin de formation des chercheurs et des personnels qui sont impliqués dans les transferts de technologies. De plus, il y a une demande pour des variétés adaptées aux conditions des basses-terres, a la diversité des conditions saisonnières de la culture, aux qualités de la famine pour les préparations culinaires et à la tolérance à la sécheresse. La sécurité alimentaire, sur le continent, dépend largement de 1'efficacité avec laquelle ces défis seront relevés.Mots Clés: Manihot e.sculenta, sécurité alimentaire, adaptation, post-récolte, ravageurs, maladies, mauvaisesherbes, cultures intercalaire

Effects of leaf harvests and detopping on the yield of leaves and roots of cassava and sweet potato

Meeting: Root Crops Symposium, 1st, 8-12 Sept. 1980, Ibadan, NGIn IDL-271

Multiplication rapide du manioc par plantation directe

Réunion: International Society for Tropical Root Crops. Africa Branch, Triennial Symposium, 2d, 14-19 Aug. 1983, Douala, CMDans IDL-638

Rapid multiplication of cassava by direct planting

Meeting: International Society for Tropical Root Crops. Africa Branch, Triennial Symposium, 2d, 14-19 Aug. 1983, Douala, CMIn IDL-737

Giant fat containing breast masses: report of six cases

Six patients with giant fat containing breast masses encountered over a 20 year period are presented including a brief review of the literature. These benign tumours especially the giant varieties are rare but are likely to be increasingly diagnosed because of the widespread use of mammography. (East African Medical Journal: 2003 80(2): 114-

Productivity of cassava intercrop as influenced by cassava variety and time of introducingrice into cassava

The study was carried out to determine the most appropriate time of introducing rice into cassava with the aim of improving the total productivity of the intercrop. The rice variety Rok 16 was introduced into cassava at four different times—planted at the same time with cassava, and then at 2, 4, and 6 wk after cassava. The cassava varieties used were 80/40, an improved clone, and the local Cocoa. Both variety and time of introducing rice into cassava affected tuberous root yield of cassava. Variety 80/40 significantly out yielded Cocoa, while cassava tuberous root yield significantly increased the later rice was introduced into cassava. Rice grain yield significantly decreased as planting was delayed. At each planting date sole rice yield was significantly higher than that of intercropped rice which did not vary with cassava variety. Land equivalent ratio (LER) increased as the time of introducing rice into cassava was delayed. Results of the study indicate that for improved productivity of the system, rice should be introduced between 4 and 6 wk after planting cassava and that growing rice with the improved variety 80/40 resulted in higher productivity than with Cocoa