959 research outputs found
From West to East and Back Again: Faith, Doubt and Education in Hermann Hesse's Later Work
This paper examines Hermann Hesse’s penultimate novel, The Journey to the East, from an educational point of view. Hesse was a man of the West who turned to the idea of ‘the East’ in seeking to understand himself and his society. While highly critical of elements of Western modernism, Hesse nonetheless viewed ‘the East’ through Western lenses and drew inspiration from other Western thinkers. At the end of The Journey to the East, the main character, H.H., believes he has found the solution to his despair. This paper argues that he has not, at least not in the fullest sense Hesse came to see was possible. H.H. relies too heavily on faith and abandons reason too quickly in seeking to become ‘absorbed’ into the Other he regards as his higher self. An answer to H.H.’s existential angst can be found in Hesse’s final novel, The Glass Bead Game, where educational growth through the development of a critical, questioning, inquiring attitude is a central theme
The influence of lipids on the fate of nitrogen during hydrothermal liquefaction of protein-containing biomass
The influence of lipids on the fate of nitrogen during hydrothermal liquefaction of protein-containing biomass
Nitrogen (N) in the bio-crude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of protein-containing biomass not only reduces the heating value of fuels, but also increases cost for upgrading to meet the existing fuel standards. Considerable work so far had been focused on N-containing heterocycles formed via Maillard reactions. However, limited information is available on the influence of lipids, as the amides formation could compete with the Maillard reactions, further affecting the fate of N. The objective of this work is therefore to identify the influence of lipids on the nitrogen distribution in the different product phases, with a particular focus on the reaction of N-containing compounds, trying to achieve deeper understanding about reaction mechanism of HTL.
In this study, we tested a set of model compounds (lactose as model carbohydrate, lysine as model protein, palmitic acid as model component of a lipid) to conduct HTL. The model compounds were treated individually and in mixtures at 250 - 350 °C for batch reaction times of 20 min. We investigated the N-distribution in the different HTL-products, mainly focusing on the bio-crude. At 300 °C, only 4.9 wt.% of N distribution (defined as the amount of N in the product relative to that in the feedstocks) is found from HTL of single lysine, while 43.6 wt.% of that is obtained from HTL of the ternary mixture. This is most likely because the higher yield (54.1wt.%) of bio-crude produced from mixture. Specific N-containing compounds in the bio-crude were quantified. With addition of lipids, less yields of typical Maillard reaction products like pyrazines and caprolactam, generated from HTL of carbohydrates and proteins, were obtained, while amides are revealed with significant yield of 2.1 wt.%, indicating that in the presence of lipids, amide formation competes with the generation of Maillard reaction products. These results provide valuable insights for the transformation of nitrogen as well as the reaction pathways of complex systems such as sewage sludge, micro algae, food waste and on the like
Исследование процесса трансформации дефектной структуры в стали под воздействием когерентного излучения оптического квантового генератора с использованием явления акустической эмиссии
3D Distribution of Molecular Gas in the Barred Milky Way
We present a new model of the three-dimensional distribution of molecular gas
in the Milky Way Galaxy, based on CO line data. Our analysis is based on a
gas-flow simulation of the inner Galaxy using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
(SPH) using a realistic barred gravitional potential derived from the observed
COBE/DIRBE near-IR light distribution. The gas model prescribes the gas orbits
much better than a simple circular rotation model and is highly constrained by
observations, but it cannot predict local details. In this study, we provide a
3D map of the observed molecular gas distribution using the velocity field from
the SPH model. A comparison with studies of the Galactic Center region suggests
that the main structures are reproduced but somewhat stretched along the
line-of-sight, probably on account of limited resolution of the underlying SPH
simulation. The gas model will be publicly available and may prove useful in a
number of applications, among them the analysis of diffuse gamma-ray emission
as measured with GLAST.Comment: ApJ in pres
Consistency of Wilsonian effective actions
Wilsonian effective actions are interpreted as free energies in ensembles
with prescribed field expectation values and prescribed connected two-point
functions. Since such free energies are directly obtained from
two-particle-irreducible functionals, it follows that Wilsonian effective
actions satisfy elementary perturbative consistency conditions, and
non-perturbative convexity conditions. In particular, the exact determination
of a Wilsonian action by other means (e.g. supersymmetry) allows one to extract
restrictions on the particular cutoff scheme and field reparametrization that
would lead to such a Wilsonian action from an underlying microscopic action.Comment: 3 pages, RevTe
Association study of suicidal behavior and affective disorders with a genetic polymorphism in ABCG1, a positional candidate on chromosome 21q22.3
The gene that codes for the ABC transporter ABCG1 is located in a chromosomal susceptibility region (21q22.3) for affective disorders. Genetic variations in ABCG1 have been associated with affective disorders in Japanese males. In this study, we investigated the distribution of a G2457A polymorphism in patients with affective disorders, suicide attempters with various psychiatric diagnoses and healthy subjects, We initially found a trend towards a modest association with affective disorders in males (p = 0.046 for allele frequencies and p = 0.046 for AA versus GG). We conducted a replication study with independent patients and controls, There was no association with affective disorders, either in the replication or in the combined group, Furthermore, we found no association with suicidal behavior, These findings do not support the hypothesis that ABCG1 is a susceptibility gene for affective disorders or suicidal behavior. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
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