Developing Intelligent Space Systems: A Survey and Rubric for Future Missions

Space exploration continues to inspire the development of advanced technologies to explore the universe. From moon landings and the Mars rovers to the recent successful deployment of the James Webb Telescope, space exploration continues to push the limits of what is possible in both science and technology and to pave new ways for the discovery of our galaxy. While we have seen great advancements and barriers broken, we remain limited in our ability to optimize science discovery without onboard intelligent capabilities to enable complex system missions. In this paper, we focus on AI technologies and cross-disciplinary directions for sparking research and development for space applications. This paper attempts to bridge two disparate fields of research, to enhance the development of intelligent space systems by providing a comprehensive survey of existing technologies and showcasing a strategic rubric for future advancements

A Butterfly Effect: The Impact of Marriage and Family Therapy Training on Students\u27 Spouses

This qualitative study examines the impact of mar- riage and family therapy (MFT) training on the marriages of trainees. Analysis of data from 18 spouses of alumni from a training program in an evangelical Protestant seminary found participants reporting mostly negative impacts related to time and finances, both negative and positive impacts related to role changes and adjustments, and mostly positive impacts related to marital communication. The additional contribution of this study has to do with the report of an overwhelmingly positive impact of systemic, integrative MFT training on the student’s faith as observed by their spouse and on the spouse’s own faith

Ground-Based 1U CubeSat Robotic Assembly Demonstration

Key gaps limiting in-space assembly of small satellites are (1) the lack of standardization of electromechanical CubeSat components for compatibility with commercial robotic assembly hardware, and (2) testing and modifying commercial robotic assembly hardware suitable for small satellite assembly for space operation. Working toward gap (1), the lack of standardization of CubeSat components for compatibility with commercial robotic assembly hardware, we have developed a ground-based robotic assembly of a 1U CubeSat using modular components and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) robot arms without humans-in-the-loop. Two 16 in x 7 in x 7 in dexterous robot arms, weighing 2 kg each, are shown to work together to grasp and assemble CubeSat components into a 1U CubeSat. Addressing gap (2) in this work, solutions for adapting power-efficient COTS robot arms to assemble highly-capable CubeSats are examined. Lessons learned on thermal and power considerations for overheated motors and positioning errors were also encountered and resolved. We find that COTS robot arms with sustained throughput and processing efficiency have the potential to be cost-effective for future space missions. The two robot arms assembled a 1U CubeSat prototype in less than eight minutes

The Iowa Homemaker vol.5, no.8

Table of Contents Training Salespeople by Miss Iva Brandt, page 1 Christmas In Kentucky by Barbara Dewell, page 2 Some of the Why of Eggs, Milk and Cheese by Josephine McMullen, page 2 The Remodeled Nursery Room by Arthula Merriett, page 3 Brighten Up the Wardrobe by Helen Dahl, page 4 Working Surface Heights by Mary Mason, page 5 The Cooperation of Home Economics Teachers With Business Firms by Mary Barber, page 7 Who’s There and Where by Josephine McMullen, page 8 White Goods Sales by Louise Stebbins, page 11 The Rose Jar by Laura Homes, page 1

Consumer concern with 1966 food prices

1 online resource (PDF, 2 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Satellite for Estimating Aquatic Salinity and Temperature (SEASALT) a Payload and Instrumentation Overview

The Satellite for Estimating Aquatic Salinity and Temperature, or SEASALT, is a 6U CubeSat designed to acquire coastal images to measure Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and to develop and utilize an algorithm to estimate Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). SSS can be retrieved in coastal zones by utilizing atmospherically corrected optical images to retrieve remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Rrs and SSS can then be empirically related through algorithms specific to different aquatic bodies. Current satellite instruments used for SSS calculations, such as MODIS and VIIRS, have limited revisit times and low spatial resolutions that make it challenging to implement SSS retrieval algorithms. The Planet constellation imagers have lower revisit times and higher spatial resolution than MODIS and VIIRS, but lack the optical bands to enable retrieval of SSS. SEASALT is designed to address both of these limits. SEASALT utilizes bands centered at 412 nm, 470 nm, 540 nm, and 625 nm in the visible (VIS), and 746 nm, and 865 nm in the Near Infra-Red (NIR) to provide accurate atmospheric corrections related to aerosols. A constellation of SEASALT instruments would be feasible to launch and operate, allowing for SSS to be retrieved frequently on a global scale. The SEASALT mission requires a two-year development phase from its current post-instrument PDR state. The SEASALT instrument design has multiple detectors and corresponding optical paths to capture the science bands. The instrument has a large primary catadioptric Ritchey-Chrétien based telescope covering the 412 nm, 746 nm, and 865 nm bands, with the RGB and LWIR cameras each on their own optical paths. The instrument has two custom-designed calibrators, one for the 412, 746, and 865 nm wavelength cameras, which have both a light source and a shutter mechanism. The payload assembly also integrates an additional calibrator for the LWIR camera. Finally, a dual-redundant Raspberry Pi flight computer, based on the MIT DeMi and BeaverCube missions, monitors and controls all payload operations. In this work, we discuss design trades for payload and instrumentation, covering overall optical design, telescope design, electronic interfaces, and structural design requirements for fitting in a 6U Cubesat and performing its mission. We also present a detailed radiometric performance analysis of the optical path to determine each band’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and ensure it will meet mission SSS retrieval requirements

Satellite for Estimating Aquatic Salinity and Temperature (SEASALT) - A Scientific Overview

SEASALT is a small satellite mission designed to explore the estimation of salinity in coastal environments using ocean color. A SEASALT constellation would fill the coastal gap by providing coastal SSS observations with much higher spatial resolution (30m) and much shorter revisit times (less than 1 day) on a global scale. Planet’s nanosatellites currently provide daily monitoring of the earth’s surface, as well as coastal locations, at 3-meter resolution. However, they do not have the required bands needed in the near infrared (NIR) for atmospheric correction (they only possess 1 NIR band), thus making atmospheric correction over water very challenging. Accurate atmospheric corrections are fundamental to reliably retrieving salinity from ocean color. SEASALT has these required bands by design. Planet’s nanosatellites also do not have a 412nm band to monitor CDOM and create optimized salinity products. SEASALT has bands centered at 412nm, 470nm, 540nm, 625nm, 746nm, 865nm, and 12013nm. A SEASALT constellation has the potential to monitor coastal regions consistently on a global scale as locally-optimized salinity retrieval algorithms can be developed. Besides retrieving SSS with a high temporal and spatial resolution, SEASALT will retrieve concurrent sea surface temperature (SST)

Contributions and perspectives of Indigenous Peoples to the study of mercury in the Arctic

Arctic Indigenous Peoples are among themost exposed humanswhen it comes to foodbornemercury (Hg). In response, Hgmonitoring and research have been on-going in the circumpolar Arctic since about 1991; this work has beenmainly possible through the involvement of Arctic Indigenous Peoples. The present overview was initially conducted in the context of a broader assessment of Hg research organized by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. This article provides examples of Indigenous Peoples' contributions to Hg monitoring and research in the Arctic, and discusses approaches that could be used, and improved upon, when carrying out future activities. Over 40 mercury projects conducted with/by Indigenous Peoples are identified for different circumpolar regions including the U.S., Canada, Greenland, Sweden, Finland, and Russia as well as instances where Indigenous Knowledge contributed to the understanding of Hg contamination in the Arctic. Perspectives and visions of future Hg research as well as recommendations are presented. The establishment of collaborative processes and partnership/co-production approaches with scientists and Indigenous Peoples, using good communication practices and transparency in research activities, are key to the success of research and monitoring activities in the Arctic. Sustainable funding for community-driven monitoring and research programs in Arctic countries would be beneficial and assist in developing more research/monitoring capacity and would promote a more holistic approach to understanding Hg in the Arctic. These activities should be well connected to circumpolar/international initiatives to ensure broader availability of the information and uptake in policy development