Possessor Extraction in English and Danish

Both English and Danish are Germanic languages which are said to require pied-piping of possessive phrases when they are moved, for example in questions like Whose computer do you think this is? If pied-piping is not required in such movements, an alternative way of asking the same question could be Who do you think’s computer this is? (or perhaps, for Danish readers, Hvem er dets computer? [Who is it’s computer?] might be acceptable), where the possessor who/hvem has been extracted from the possessive phrase whose computer/hvis computer, leaving the rest of the possessive DP material -’s/-s computer behind. This type of movement is called possessor extraction (PE), and Davis (2021) provides evidence for the possibility of it in colloquial English for some speakers. This article is a pilot study of Danish PE, suggesting initial generalizations and comparing these to Davis’s (2021) generalizations about English PE

Anaerobic co-digestion of acetate-rich with lignin-rich wastewater and the effect of hydrotalcite addition

The methane potential and biodegradability of different ratios of acetate and lignin-rich effluents from a neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulp mill were investigated. Results showed ultimate methane yields up to 333 ± 5 mL CH4/gCOD when only acetate-rich substrate was added and subsequently lower methane potentials of 192 ± 4 mL CH4/gCOD when the lignin fraction was increased. The presence of lignin showed a linear decay in methane production, resulting in a 41% decrease in methane when the lignin-rich feed had a 30% increase. A negative linear correlation between lignin content and biodegradability was also observed. Furthermore, the effect of hydrotalcite (HT) addition was evaluated and showed increase in methane potential of up to 8%, a faster production rate and higher soluble lignin removal (7–12% higher). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies between 64 and 83% were obtained for all samples.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

One-Substitution and Noun Ellipsis in English and Danish

When a speaker of English does not want to repeat the same noun too many times, one-substitution is often used: "She would rather have a big house than a small one" (i.e., a small house). An alternative construction of an elliptical noun phrase is to simply leave out the noun, as when a Danish speaker says: Jeg vil hellere have et stort hus end et lille: "I would rather have a big house than a small". Beginning with observations about one-substitution in English, this paper outlines and discusses one-substitution and noun ellipsis in Danish. With some reservations, the paper supports the argument presented by Günther (2018) that differences between languages regarding one-substitution are based on the inflectional properties of the languages. &nbsp

Normal self proteins as targets for tumour specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

Many tumour cells express high levels of proteins which are present in normal cells at lower levels. Such proteins might be targets for immunotherapy if lymphocytes with specificity for these proteins are present in the repertoire and can discriminate between cells expressing high or low levels of the target protein. The first step in exploring the possibility of targeting immunotherapy to normal self proteins is therefore to determine whether lymphocytes specific for molecules overexpressed in tumours exist and can be activated to recognize specifically cells expressing high levels of the proteins. It was possible to stimulate murine cyclin D1 or mdm2 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by in vivo priming of mice with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the proteins. The in vitro conditions used for restimulation of in vivo primed CTL were found to have a profound effect on the magnitude of the CTL response observed in vitro. In addition, in vitro priming of CTL from naïve spleens with peptide pulsed dendritic cells identified a mdm2 derived peptide, mdp441, which could stimulate CTL capable of recognising endogenously processed mdm2. These peptide specific CTL were of high avidity in contrast to most of the peptide specific CTL stimulated with other self peptides. The mdp441 peptide was not recognised by mdm2 specific CTL generated by in vivo immunisation with mdm2 protein. The results show that tolerance to self proteins is not absolute and that it is possible to stimulate CTL to recognize endogenously processed self protein either by in vivo immunisation with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the self protein or by in vitro priming of naive responder cells with peptide pulsed antigen presenting cells. These results have implications for immunotherapy of human cancers

Patient specific numerical simulation of flow in the human upper airways for assessing the effect of nasal surgery

The study is looking into the potential of using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool for predicting the outcome of surgery for alleviation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). From pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) of an OSAS patient, the pre- and post-operative geometries of the patient's upper airways were generated. CFD simulations of laminar flow in the patient's upper airway show that after nasal surgery the mass flow is more evenly distributed between the two nasal cavities and the pressure drop over the nasal cavity has increased. The pressure change is contrary to clinical measurements that the CFD results have been compared with, and this is most likely related to the earlier steps of modelling - CT acquisition and geometry retrieval.Comment: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on CFD in Oil & Gas, Metallurgical and Process Industries, Trondheim, Norway, May 30th - June 1st, 2017, 11 pages, 13 figure

New alternative energy pathway for chemical pulp mills: from traditional fibers to methane production

Chemical pulp mills have a need to diversify their end-product portfolio due to the current changing bio-economy. In this study, the methane potential of brown, oxygen delignified and bleached pulp were evaluated in order to assess the potential of converting traditional fibers; as well as microcrystalline cellulose and filtrates; to energy. Results showed that high yields (380 mL CH4/gVS) were achieved with bleached fibers which correlates with the lower presence of lignin. Filtrates from the hydrolysis process on the other hand, had the lowest yields (253 mL CH4/gVS) due to the high amount of acid and lignin compounds that cause inhibition. Overall, substrates had a biodegradability above 50% which demonstrates that they can be subjected to efficient anaerobic digestion. An energy and cost estimation showed that the energy produced can be translated into a significant profit and that methane production can be a promising new alternative option for chemical pulp mills.Postprint (author's final draft

On fecundity of North Sea mackerel (Scomber scombrus)

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the fecundity-length relationship of the North Sea mackerel. The relationship was compared to that of the Western mackerel stock (LOCKWOOD,1978) by an analysis of covariance between the regression lines. Further analysis is necessary before any decisive conclusion can be drawn. The results, however, seem to demonstrate a lower fecundity in the North Sea mackerel (140 000 - 360 000 eggs) as compared to the Western mackerel (400 000 - 990 000 eggs) at the same range of length. A comparison of regression lines of fecundity-length for the North Sea and the Western area shows a significant difference between the two lines

The Endosymbiotic relationship of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and Rhizobium

This project will look at The Endosymbiotic Relationship of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and Rizobioum. Endoysmbiosis Theory is the concept that mitochondria and chloroplasts are the result of years of evolution initiated by the endocytosis, (the process by which cells absorb material through their cell membrane) of bacteria and algae which, instead of becoming digested, became symbiotic.The mitochondria of eukaryotes evolved from aerobic bacteria, probably rickettsias, living within their host cell and the chloroplasts from cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae. Endoysmbiosis is a type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the body of another and both function as a single organism. comes from a Greek word meaning inside, with, and living. Endosymbiosis in biology is a subdivision of the more general concept, symbiosis, which refers to living beings of different species living together for most of the life history of a member of at least one of those species. *Rickettsia bacteria cause diseases such as typhus and Rocky Mt Spotted Fever.