26 research outputs found

    Enregistrement multi-angulaire sur une caméra pour les mesures 3D dans les écoulements

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    International audienceLes approches de mesures 3D sont utilisĂ©es de plus en plus frĂ©quemment en mĂ©canique des fluides, que ce soit pour mesurer la vitesse, la position d’une surface (vibration, interface gaz liquide) ou un champ scalaire (Ă©mission de flamme, LIF 3D, densitĂ©...). En pratique elles consistent Ă  observer la zone d’intĂ©rĂȘt sous diffĂ©rents angles avant de rĂ©aliser une reconstruction volumique, le nombre d’angles d’observation devant souvent ĂȘtre supĂ©rieur Ă  trois. Cela conduit Ă  complexifier notablement le montage optique et induit des couts importants (camĂ©ras, objectifs...). Pour la reconstruction de surface, il est dans certain cas possible de considĂ©rer des approches oĂč plusieurs angles de vue sont enregistrĂ©s sur le mĂȘme dĂ©tecteur. Dans ce travail nous proposons ce type de dispositif en plaçant devant l’objectif un systĂšme optique Ă  huit miroirs projetant quatre angles d’observation sur des zones distinctes d’un mĂȘme capteur. Pour la localisation de surface, en utilisant la technique des "mouchetĂ©s", nous validons cette approche d’enregistrement sur quatre exemples diffĂ©rents nous servant Ă  Ă©valuer la prĂ©cision de reconstruction de la sur-ace et montrer ses potentiels pour l’étude des interactions fluide/structure

    Etude des variabilités cycliques dans le cylindre d'un moteur essence à injection directe par la PIV haute cadence

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    International audienceLes résultats obtenus à partir des mesures expérimentales par PIV haute cadence dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur essence à injection directe ont été analysés à l'aide de la décomposition propre orthogonale (POD) dans le but d'isoler les structures cohérentes au cours d'un cycle moteur et identifier leurs variabilités cycliques. Des investigations basées sur l'analyse de la position du centre du tumble en fonction de la phase moteur, i.e. à un degré vilebrequin déterminé, montrent que les plus fortes variations apparaissent lors de la compression. Il a été démontré que les dispersions aérodynamiques dans la chambre de combustion se comportent différemment en fonction de l'ouverture de la tubulure d'admission

    Glycolytic and Non-glycolytic Functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase, an Essential Enzyme Produced by Replicating and Non-replicating Bacilli

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    The search for antituberculosis drugs active against persistent bacilli has led to our interest in metallodependent class II fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA-tb), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis absent from mammalian cells. Knock-out experiments at the fba-tb locus indicated that this gene is required for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on gluconeogenetic substrates and in glucose-containing medium. Surface labeling and enzymatic activity measurements revealed that this enzyme was exported to the cell surface of M. tuberculosis and produced under various axenic growth conditions including oxygen depletion and hence by non-replicating bacilli. Importantly, FBA-tb was also produced in vivo in the lungs of infected guinea pigs and mice. FBA-tb bound human plasmin(ogen) and protected FBA-tb-bound plasmin from regulation by α 2-antiplasmin, suggestive of an involvement of this enzyme in host/pathogen interactions. The crystal structures of FBA-tb in the native form and in complex with a hydroxamate substrate analog were determined to 2.35- and 1.9-Å resolution, respectively. Whereas inhibitor attachment had no effect on the plasminogen binding activity of FBA-tb, it competed with the natural substrate of the enzyme, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and substantiated a previously unknown reaction mechanism associated with metallodependent aldolases involving recruitment of the catalytic zinc ion by the substrate upon active site binding. Altogether, our results highlight the potential of FBA-tb as a novel therapeutic target against both replicating and non-replicating bacilli.Fil: Santangelo, MarĂ­a de la Paz. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gest, Petra M.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Guerin, Marcelo E.. Universidad del PaĂ­s Vasco; EspañaFil: Coinçon, Mathieu. University of Montreal; CanadĂĄFil: Pham, Ha. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Ryan, Gavin. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Puckett, Susan E.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Spencer, John S.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Gonzalez Juarrero, Mercedes. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Daher, Racha. Universite de Paris XI. Institut de Chimie MolĂ©culaire et des MatĂ©riaux d'Orsay; FranciaFil: Lenaerts, Anne J.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Schnappinger, Dirk. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Therisod, Michel. Universite de Paris XI. Institut de Chimie MolĂ©culaire et des MatĂ©riaux d'Orsay; FranciaFil: Ehrt, Sabine. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Sygusch, Jurgen. University of Montreal; CanadĂĄFil: Jackson, Mary. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unido

    World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: Part one

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    Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

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    IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

    Spatiotemporal analysis of coherent structures in confined environments via time-resolved and tomographic PIV : case of internal combustion engine aerodynamics

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    Les mĂ©canismes d’évolution spatio-temporelle des structures turbulentes instationnaires tridimensionnelles, et en particulier ceux rencontrĂ©s aux plus grandes Ă©chelles, sont Ă  l’origine de phĂ©nomĂšnes d’instabilitĂ© qui conduisent trĂšs souvent Ă  une diminution de la performance des systĂšmes Ă©nergĂ©tiques. C’est le cas des variations cycle-Ă -cycle dans le moteur Ă  combustion interne. MalgrĂ© les progrĂšs substantiels rĂ©alisĂ©s par la simulation numĂ©rique en mĂ©canique des fluides, les approches expĂ©rimentales demeurent essentielles pour l’analyse et la comprĂ©hension des phĂ©nomĂšnes physiques ayant lieu. Dans ce travail de thĂšse, deux types de vĂ©locimĂ©trie par image de particules (PIV) ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s et adaptĂ©s au banc moteur optique du laboratoire Coria pour Ă©tudier l’écoulement en fonction de six conditions de fonctionnement du moteur. La PIV Haute Cadence 2D2C a permis d’abord d’obtenir un suivi temporel de l’écoulement dans le cylindre durant un mĂȘme cycle moteur ainsi qu’identifier ces variations cycliques. La PIV Tomographique 3D3C a permis ensuite d’étendre les donnĂ©es mesurĂ©es vers l’espace tridimensionnel. La Tomo-PIV fait intervenir 4 camĂ©ras en position angulaire visualisant un environnement de gĂ©omĂ©trie complexe, confinĂ©e, ayant un accĂšs optique restreint et introduisant des dĂ©formations optiques importantes. Cela a nĂ©cessitĂ© une attention particuliĂšre vis-Ă -vis du processus de calibration 3D des modĂšles de camĂ©ras. Des analyses conditionnĂ©es 2D et 3D de l’écoulement sont effectuĂ©es en se basant principalement sur la dĂ©composition propre orthogonale (POD) permettant de sĂ©parer les diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles de structure et le critĂšre Γ permettant l’identification des centres des tourbillons.The unsteady evolution of three-dimensional large scale flow structures can often lead to a decrease in the performance of energetic systems. This is the case of cycle-to-cycle variations occurring in the internal combustion engine. Despite the substantial advancement made by numerical simulations in fluid mechanics, experimental measurements remain a requirement to validate any numerical model of a physical process. In this thesis, two types of particle image velocimetry (PIV) were applied and adapted to the optical engine test bench of the Coria laboratory in order to study the in-cylinder flow with respect to six operating conditions. First, the Time-Resolved PIV (2D2C) allowed obtaining a temporal tracking of the in-cylinder flow and identifying cyclic variabilities. Then tomographic PIV (3D3C) allowed extending the measured data to the three-dimensional domain. The Tomo-PIV setup consisted of 4 cameras in angular positioning, visualizing a confined environment with restricted optical access and important optical deformations. This required a particular attention regarding the 3D calibration process of camera models. 2D and 3D conditional analyses of the flow were performed using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) allowing to separate the different scales of flow structures and the Γ criterion allowing the identification of vortices centres

    Analyse spatio-temporelle des structures à grande échelle dans les écoulements confinés : cas de l'aérodynamique interne dans un moteur à allumage commandé

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    The unsteady evolution of three-dimensional large scale flow structures can often lead to a decrease in the performance of energetic systems. This is the case of cycle-to-cycle variations occurring in the internal combustion engine. Despite the substantial advancement made by numerical simulations in fluid mechanics, experimental measurements remain a requirement to validate any numerical model of a physical process. In this thesis, two types of particle image velocimetry (PIV) were applied and adapted to the optical engine test bench of the Coria laboratory in order to study the in-cylinder flow with respect to six operating conditions. First, the Time-Resolved PIV (2D2C) allowed obtaining a temporal tracking of the in-cylinder flow and identifying cyclic variabilities. Then tomographic PIV (3D3C) allowed extending the measured data to the three-dimensional domain. The Tomo-PIV setup consisted of 4 cameras in angular positioning, visualizing a confined environment with restricted optical access and important optical deformations. This required a particular attention regarding the 3D calibration process of camera models. 2D and 3D conditional analyses of the flow were performed using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) allowing to separate the different scales of flow structures and the Γ criterion allowing the identification of vortices centres.Les mĂ©canismes d’évolution spatio-temporelle des structures turbulentes instationnaires tridimensionnelles, et en particulier ceux rencontrĂ©s aux plus grandes Ă©chelles, sont Ă  l’origine de phĂ©nomĂšnes d’instabilitĂ© qui conduisent trĂšs souvent Ă  une diminution de la performance des systĂšmes Ă©nergĂ©tiques. C’est le cas des variations cycle-Ă -cycle dans le moteur Ă  combustion interne. MalgrĂ© les progrĂšs substantiels rĂ©alisĂ©s par la simulation numĂ©rique en mĂ©canique des fluides, les approches expĂ©rimentales demeurent essentielles pour l’analyse et la comprĂ©hension des phĂ©nomĂšnes physiques ayant lieu. Dans ce travail de thĂšse, deux types de vĂ©locimĂ©trie par image de particules (PIV) ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s et adaptĂ©s au banc moteur optique du laboratoire Coria pour Ă©tudier l’écoulement en fonction de six conditions de fonctionnement du moteur. La PIV Haute Cadence 2D2C a permis d’abord d’obtenir un suivi temporel de l’écoulement dans le cylindre durant un mĂȘme cycle moteur ainsi qu’identifier ces variations cycliques. La PIV Tomographique 3D3C a permis ensuite d’étendre les donnĂ©es mesurĂ©es vers l’espace tridimensionnel. La Tomo-PIV fait intervenir 4 camĂ©ras en position angulaire visualisant un environnement de gĂ©omĂ©trie complexe, confinĂ©e, ayant un accĂšs optique restreint et introduisant des dĂ©formations optiques importantes. Cela a nĂ©cessitĂ© une attention particuliĂšre vis-Ă -vis du processus de calibration 3D des modĂšles de camĂ©ras. Des analyses conditionnĂ©es 2D et 3D de l’écoulement sont effectuĂ©es en se basant principalement sur la dĂ©composition propre orthogonale (POD) permettant de sĂ©parer les diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles de structure et le critĂšre Γ permettant l’identification des centres des tourbillons

    Enregistrement multi-angulaire sur une caméra pour les mesures 3D dans les écoulements

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    International audienceLes approches de mesures 3D sont utilisĂ©es de plus en plus frĂ©quemment en mĂ©canique des fluides, que ce soit pour mesurer la vitesse, la position d’une surface (vibration, interface gaz liquide) ou un champ scalaire (Ă©mission de flamme, LIF 3D, densitĂ©...). En pratique elles consistent Ă  observer la zone d’intĂ©rĂȘt sous diffĂ©rents angles avant de rĂ©aliser une reconstruction volumique, le nombre d’angles d’observation devant souvent ĂȘtre supĂ©rieur Ă  trois. Cela conduit Ă  complexifier notablement le montage optique et induit des couts importants (camĂ©ras, objectifs...). Pour la reconstruction de surface, il est dans certain cas possible de considĂ©rer des approches oĂč plusieurs angles de vue sont enregistrĂ©s sur le mĂȘme dĂ©tecteur. Dans ce travail nous proposons ce type de dispositif en plaçant devant l’objectif un systĂšme optique Ă  huit miroirs projetant quatre angles d’observation sur des zones distinctes d’un mĂȘme capteur. Pour la localisation de surface, en utilisant la technique des "mouchetĂ©s", nous validons cette approche d’enregistrement sur quatre exemples diffĂ©rents nous servant Ă  Ă©valuer la prĂ©cision de reconstruction de la sur-ace et montrer ses potentiels pour l’étude des interactions fluide/structure

    Multi-angular recording technique on a single camera for 3D measurements in fluid mechanics

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    International audienceThe three-dimensional measurement approaches are used more and more frequently in fluid mechanics, whether to measure flow velocity, to detect of surface location (vibration, liquid gas interface) or to obtain a scalar field (flame emission, LIF 3D, density.. .). In practice, they consist mainly in observing the area of interest from different angles of view before carrying out a volume reconstruction, the number of viewing angles often having to be greater than three. These 3D approches lead to a significant complexity in the optical arrangement and induces significant costs (cameras, lenses ...). For surface reconstruction, it is possible in some cases to consider approaches where several angles of view are recorded on the same detector. In this work, this kind of approach is considered by using an optical device placed in front of a single camera to record four angles of observation on the same sensor. For surface localisation, using the technique of "speckles", this recording approach is validated from four different examples. The accuracy of surface localisation is assessed and potentials of our approach for investigating fluid/structure interactions are demonstrated
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