Straight versus S-shaped sternotomy: a histologic study in the sheep model

INTRODUCTION: Straight sternotomy is the most common access for open heart surgery. Techniques have been proposed for maximizing sternal stability in high-risk patients. This trend implies a growing need for newer surgical techniques. The aim of this experimental study in the sheep model is to evaluate median vs. S shaped sternotomy the feasibility of using a special device to accelerate the sternal instability and bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 31 sheep, weighing 18–30 kg. For all animals a midline skin incision was made. In group I (n = 16 animals), straight median sternotomy and in group II (n = 15 animals), S-shaped incision was marked on the periosteum of the sternum by new created device for standard S-shaped sternotomy. Sternum biopsies were performed on second surgery month for all survived animals from the sternum and the surrounding soft tissue. RESULTS: No early superficial wound complications were observed. Overall mortality in the initial approach group was 19.3% (6 sheep). In group I; 3 sheep had died on first surgery day, the reason may be hemorrhage and in group II; 3 sheep developed intractable VF during surgery procedure or immediately afterwards so died. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of bone healing between group 1 and group 2 (4.2 vs.7.3, ANOVA, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Our work is based on the use of a standard S-shaped sternotomy procedure on sheep sternum. In our experience with the sternal healing in the sheep model, the process of new bone formation was accelerated with S- shaped cut than straight sternotomy procedure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13019-014-0173-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Detection of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in formalin fixed rat tissues

WOS: 000270456100006PubMed ID: 19778243The stability of drugs in formalin solution is an important factor in forensic investigation. Tissues (liver, lung, kidney, brain) taken from rats, which have been poisoned acutely with cocaine, were preserved in two different conditions, analyzed by GC-MS, and then compared. Organs of the first group were preserved and stored at - 20 degrees C without adding formalin, whereas the organs of the second group were preserved and stored in formalin solution at room temperature (25 degrees C). Serum samples were taken immediately after poisoning and studied as well. In specimens stored at - 20 degrees C, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine were detected in the tissues. Only benzoylecgonine was detected both in tissues and their formalin solution. It was observed that the distribution of cocaine in tissues had differed depending on the preservation conditions. The formalin solution in which benzoylecgonine was mostly detected was from liver. As a result, cocaine was detected in tissues stored at - 20 degrees C. It is recommended that both the formalin-fixed tissues and formalin solution should be analyzed concurrently to assure the accurate results (LOD = 3 ng/ml).Cukurova University Research FoundationCukurova University [TF 2005 BAP 33]Cukurova University Research Foundation provided the financial support for this work ( grant No: TF 2005 BAP 33)

A Pig Vodel for the Histomorphometric Evaluation of Hard Tissue Around Dental Implants

WOS: 000325784000006PubMed ID: 21651415This study aimed to evaluate the frontal bone of Swiss Domestic pigs as an animal model for the histologichistomorphometric examination of bony tissue around dental implants. We inserted SLA surface implants 4.1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length into the frontal bones of 9 Swiss-Domestic pigs. Histologic and histomorphometric studies were conducted on the undecalcified sections. Histologic examinations showed that the specimens contain a sufficient amount of bone to provide homogenous bone coverage for standard diameter dental implant placement. The mean bone to implant contact was 61.9% +/- 8.7%. Other histomorphometric parameters revealed the regular trabecular architecture at this site. Pigs' frontal bone appears to be a suitable animal model in short-term dental implant studies because it provides a sufficient amount of bone and favorable bone microarchitecture

Comparison of platelet rich plasma versus fibrin glue on colonic anastomoses in rats(1)

WOS: 000432449900005PubMed ID: 29768536Purpose:To compare platelet rich plasma (PRP) and fibrin glue aboutthe effect of anastomotic healing. Methods: Thirty six Wistar-Albino male rats diveded into 3 groups accord ingto control(Group1), PRP (Group 2) and fibrin glue(Tisseel VH) (Group 3). The colon was transected with scissor and subsequently an end to end anastomosis was performed using continuous one layer 6/0 vicryl sutures. Postoperative 7th day effect of anastomotic healing measuring with tissue hydroxyproline(TH) level and anastomotic bursting pressure(ABP); moreover comparison of cytokine (IL-6 and IL-10) and procalcitonin levels on 1st,3rd and 7th days. Results: There was no statistically significant difference of the ABP and hydroxyproline levels between PRP and fibrin glue on the 7th day. There was no statistically significant difference between levels of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6) (P=0.41), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) (P=0.35), and procalcitonin levels (P=0.63) on 1, 3 and 7 days. Conclusion: Fibrin glue and platelet rich plasma are shown to be effective in healing intestinal anastomoses without superior to each other

Changes In Various Hormone Levels In The Rabbit Traumatic Facial Nerve Injury Model

WOS: 000493730200005Objectives: We aimed to look into potential associations between specific biomarkers and trauma to Cranial Nerve VII (CNVII) in a rabbit model, focusing on whether endocrine studies have potential as biomarkers in this context. Methods: 30 adult New Zealand rabbits with intact facial muscles were used for the research. Each animal underwent identical surgery by the same surgeon. The facial nerve divisions were exposed by incising below the level of the mandible. After dissection of the skin and subcutaneous layers, the buccal division of CNVII was located with the nerve stimulator and microscopic dissection and a section of nerve 10mm long was excised in each case from the buccal branch of CNVII. Blood samples were drawn 8 weeks and 12 weeks after nerve injury had been surgically induced. The samples from day 1, week 4 and week 8 were tested for the following levels: Testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone, free T3 and T4, Cancer antigen 19-9 (Ca19-9), folate, TPSA, FPSA, FSH, LH, CA15.3, CAE, AFP and prolactin. Results: The levels of free T3 and T4 as well as testosterone, were down at 4th week, but at 8 weeks each had increased. Ca19-9 levels were also above the baseline. At 4 weeks, whilst oestrogen had markedly risen, progesterone had fallen. The statistical significance of the change in levels of free T3 and T4, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and FPSA was evaluated. For the group of animals with induced paralysis, the association between the lesion and testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone, free T3 and T4, Ca19-9, and folate levels were strong and at the level of statistical significance. Conclusion: There were statistically significant alterations in the serum levels of free T3 and T4, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and FPSA at the 4 and 8 week intervals post surgically-induced CNVII injury. It is likely that rabbit pathophysiology resembles human pathophysiology in nervous injury, hence these six biomarkers may be of value in managing trauma or idiopathic degeneration of CNVII in humans. The authors hope this study will pave the way for future research in this area

Effects Of Bovine Lactoferrin In Surgically Created Bone Defects On Bone Regeneration Around Implants

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLF)-loaded gelatin microspheres (GM) used in combination with anorganic bovine bone on bone regeneration in surgically created bone defects around tooth implants. Twenty-four uniform bone defects were created in the frontal bone via an extraoral approach in 12 domestic pigs. Twenty-four implants were placed at the center of the defects. In eight animals one of these defects was filled with 0.3 mL anorganic bovine bone while the other was left empty. In four animals, all defects were filled with 3 mg/defect bLF-loaded GM and anorganic bovine bone. All the defects were covered with collagen membranes. All animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks of healing, and the implants with the surrounding bone defects were removed en bloc. Undecalcified sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The mean total area of hard tissue was 26.9 +/- 6.0% in the empty defect group, 31.8 +/- 8.4% in the graft group, and 47.6 +/- 5.0% in the lactoferrin group (P < 0.001). The mean area of newly formed bone was 26.9 +/- 6.0% in the empty defect group, 22.4 +/- 8.2% in the graft group, and 46.1 +/- 5.1% in the lactoferrin group (P < 0.001). The mean residual graft area was 9.4 +/- 3.2% in the graft group and 1.5 +/- 0.6% in the lactoferrin group (P < 0.001). The mean proportion of bone-implant contact in the defect region was 21.9 +/- 8.4% in the empty defect group, 26.9 +/- 10.1% in the graft group and 29.9 +/- 10.3% in the lactoferrin group (P = 0.143). These data indicate that a combination of 3 mg bLF-loaded GM and bovine-derived HA promotes bone regeneration in defects around implants.WoSScopu

The Effect of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate on Wound Healing in the Head and Neck Region

WOS: 000493732700005Objective: The study compares the histological appearances of an induced open wound injury as it heals in rabbits, where healing was assisted by either Batticon (a topical antiseptic solution), or Glubran (a surgical glue). Materials And Methods: The study protocol was first approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Cukurova University. Twenty-eight rabbits with a weight of between 3 and 4kg, of female sex, were subjected to handling every day for a fortnight preceding the experimental injury so that they could be behaviourally assessed. Seven of the 28 rabbits acted as controls, with the 21 others put into one of 3 groups, depending on the day they were to be sacrificed. For the control animals, a portion of the external ear was excised and examined histologically alongside the intervention group animals, to allow comparisons to be made. The intervention group underwent exposure of a 1cm2 area of epidermis bilaterally. The resulting open injury was then treated on one side with topical antisepis using Batticon and on the other with the Glubran tissue glue. At days 2, 4 and 6 post-surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed and sections of the open wound were viewed with the electron microscope. The control group was also examined histologically for comparison. Results: The sections from ears treated with Glubran had electron microscopic appearances indicative of more extensive regeneration than those where Batticon was used at days 2, 4 and 6. Conclusion: The results of the study show that N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Glubran) is suitable for the treatment of open injuries to the head or neck

The effect of parathion-methyl and antidotes on parotid and pancreatic glands: A pilot experimental study

The objective of this study is to investigate the functions of parotid and pancreatic glands in response to intoxication with parathion-methyl (PM) and the effects of treatment in rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I, control; group II, received atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM) for 24 h, but no PM; group III, oral PM but no atropine and 2-PAM; group IV, PM and atropine for 24 h and 2-PAM; group V, PM and atropine for 96 h and 2-PAM. After the administration of the chemicals, blood samples were drawn to test for amylase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), while pancreatic and parotid glands of each rat were removed for light microscopic examination. Amylase levels were found significantly elevated in groups II, III, IV, and V, whereas lipase levels were supranormal in groups III, IV, and V. The blood levels of AChE were decreased in groups III and IV and BChE were decreased in II, III, IV, and V. No evidence of pancreatitis and parotitis was identified in the histopathologic evaluation in any group in 96 h; however, hyperchromasia, irregularity in nuclei, and binuclear cells were observed in all parotid glands in group V. Parotitis and pancreatitis were not evident; however, hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were found, whereas various histologic changes in parotid glands were documented in the groups that were administered organophosphate and treatment

Effects of vitamin D on ovary in DHEA- treated PCOS rat model: A light and electron microscopic study

WOS: 000429263200008PubMed ID: 29192811Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D treatment on ovary in experimentally designed polycystic ovary syndrome of female rats using light and electron microscopic techniques. Methods: Twenty-four female pre-pubertal rats were divided into control, DHEA and DHEA+Vit. D groups. In DHEA group, the PCOS rat model was developed by 6mg/kg/day dehydroepiandrosterone administration as subcutaneously injections. In DHEA+ Vit. D group, 6 mg/kg/day DHEA and 120ng/100g/week 1,25(OH) 2D3 was performed simultaneously. Controls were injected with vehicle alone. At the end of the 28 days, blood samples were collected and the ovarian tissues were taken for histological examinations. Results: FSH, LH levels, LH/FSH ratio, and testosterone levels showed a significant increase in DHEA group when compared with the control group. Moreover, these measurements were lower in the treatment group than the DHEA group. In DHEA group, increased number of atretic follicles and cystic follicles were seen with light microscopic analysis. Cystic follicles with attenuated granulosa cell layers and thickened theca cell layers and lipid accumulation in interstitial cells were observed by electron microscope. It is observed that atretic and cystic follicles were decreased as a result of vitamin D treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicate the curative role of vitamin D treatment on the androgen excess in PCOS rat model which causes abnormalities in ovarian morphology and functions. Vitamin D has positive effects on the hormonal and structural changes observed in PCOS, but it has been concluded that long-term use may be more beneficial.Cukurova UniversitesiCukurova University [TYL-2014-2778]This work was supported by the Cukurova Universitesi [TYL-2014-2778]