350 research outputs found
Role of maternity waiting homes in the reduction of maternal death and stillbirth in developing countries and its contribution for maternal death reduction in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND: Every family expect to have a healthy mother and new born baby after pregnancy. Especially for parents, pregnancy is a time of great anticipation. Access to maternal and child health care insures safer pregnancy and its outcome. MWHs is one the strategy. The objective was to synthesize the best available evidence on effectiveness of maternity waiting homes on the reduction of maternal mortality and stillbirth in developing countries. METHODS: Before conducting this review non-occurrences of the same review is verified. To avoid introduction of bias because of errors, two independent reviewers appraised each article. Maternal death and stillbirth were the primary outcomes. Review Manager 5 were used to produce a random-effect meta-analysis. Grade Pro software were used to produce risk of bias summary and summary of findings. RESULT: In developing countries, maternity waiting homes users were 80% less likely to die than non-users (OR = 0. 20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.49]) and there was 73% less occurrence of stillbirth among users (OR = 0.27, 95% CI [0.09, 0.82]). In Ethiopia, there was a 91% reduction of maternal death among maternity waiting homes users unlike non-users (OR = 0.09, 95% CI [0.04, 0.19]) and it contributes to the reduction of 83% stillbirth unlike non-users (OR = 0.17, 95% CI [0.05, 0.58]). CONCLUSION: Maternity waiting home contributes more than 80% to the reduction of maternal death among users in developing countries and Ethiopia. Its contribution for reduction of stillbirth is good. More than 70% of stillbirth is reduced among the users of maternity waiting homes. In Ethiopia maternity waiting homes contributes to the reduction of more than two third of stillbirths
Dual Faces Architecture of Nias
Many Indonesian people built a traditional house based on beliefs of their ancestors for generations, without knowing the scientific reason. Meanwhile, indirectly, ancestors already thinking about housing that adapts the environmental conditions such as in Nias Island. Nias is an island that has two different forms of traditional houses which are affected by the differences geographic, highland and lowland. Geographic factors and beliefs not only affect the shape of the house but also the structure of the house. Located on the earthquake fault lines, Nias traditional houses was designed to withstand earthquakes that often befall. A study using description and analysis methods about design and structure which used in traditional houses in Nias Island, would develop a good sense of the idea to apply these materials on modern building to preserve the culture of Indonesia
Analisa Perhitungan Gaya - Gaya Mekanis pada Pembuatan Komponen Otomotif Braket Upper Arm
Braket upper arm adalah salah satu bagian dari sistem peredam getaran (suspensi) pada kendaraan yang terpasang pada rear axle yang berfungsi menyangga pegas koil, tempat dudukan steering knuckle dan memelihara letak geometris bodi dan roda-roda. Braket upper arm terbuat dari sheet metal SAPH 440 yang mempunyai kuat tarik 45 kgm/mm2,resistansi gesek 36 kgm/mm2 dan ketebalan material 2,9 mm. Untuk metode perhitungannya menggunakan pedoman Press Dies Design, dari IMDIA. Disain produk mengikuti permintaan dari pelanggan dan untuk mengurangi scrap yang terbuang dihitung ulang layoutnya yaitu perkalian antara tebal material 2,9 mm lebar produk, jarak antar material blank 2,9 mm dan jarak lebar blank ke tepi 6,65 mm. Untuk mendapatakan potongan dengan burry yang minimal clearen punch dan die diatur sebesar 0,2175 mm dengan gaya potong yang perlukan mesin press sebesar 135 tonf, gaya proses drawing 18,5 tonf, proses bending memerlukan di pelukan gaya dari mesin press dengan tonase 4 tonf dan untuk prroses triming menggunakan mekanisme dua buah cam dengan total gaya yang di pelukan untuuk proses triming yaitu 44,5 ton
Komunikasi Antar Pribadi antara Reseller dengan Produsen Cantiqa Kemiri
. Komunikasi antarpribadi diantara para pelaku bisnis menjadi sangat menarik diperhatikan karena setiap individu dalam setiap generasi akan berbeda cara berkomunikasinya. Dalam kerjasama bisnis diantara produsen dan reseller produk, cara penyampaian maksud dalam pesan komunikasi yang diutarakan akan berbeda tergantung dari tujuan penyampaian pesan serta maksud dari isi pesan itu sendiri. Sehingga pengaruh diantara maksud komunikasi yang disampaikan akan mendorong pelaku komunikasi tersebut untuk bias memberikan nilai tambah. Komunikasi merupakan pengiriman pesan dari seseorang dan diterima oleh orang lain dengan efek dan umpan Balik yang langsung, sehingga bukan hanya bertujuan membangun komunikasi yang efektif dalam komunikasi antarpribadi tetapi juga ingin menciptakan efek. Dalam kaitannya dengan komunikasi antarpribadi, reseller dan produsen menjalankan komunikasi dengan tujuan untuk menciptakan komunikasi yang efektif agar dapat melaksanakan kerjasama yang baik. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai komunikasi antarpribadi antara produsen dan reseller Cantiqa Kemiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan observasi. Key informan dalam penelitian ini adalah produsen dan reseller Cantiqa Kemiri. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa komunikasi antarpribadi antara produsen dan reseller Cantiqa Kemiri melibatkan beberapa aspek seperti keterbukaan, empati, dukungan, rasa positif, dan kesetaraan dalam menjaga hubungan antara satu sama lain sehingga penjualan produk tetap optimal
Parametrization of the Relativistic () Model for Nuclear Matter
We have investigated the zero-temperature equation of state (EoS) for
infinite nuclear matter within the model at all densities
and different proton-neutron asymmetry . We
have presented an analytical expression for the compression modulus and found
that nuclear matter ceases to saturate at slightly larger than .
Afterward, we have developed an analytical method to determine the strong
coupling constants from the EoS for isospin symmetric nuclear matter, which
allow us to reproduce all the saturation properties with high accuracy. For
various values of the nucleon effective mass and the compression modulus, we
have found that the quartic self-coupling constant is negative, or
positive and very large. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that it is possible
(a) to investigate the EoS in terms of and ; and (b) to
reproduce all the known saturation properties without . We have thus
concluded that the latter is not necessary in the model.Comment: 15pp; article published online: August 06, 2010 by Phys. Rev.
Private hospital energy performance benchmarking using energy audit data: an Italian case study
The increased focus on energy efficiency, both at the national and international levels, has fostered the diffusion and development of specific energy consumption benchmarks for most relevant economic sectors. In this context, energy-intensive facilities, such as hospitals and health structures, represent a unique case. Indeed, despite the high energy consumption of these structures, scientific literature lacks the presence of adequate energy performance benchmarks, especially in regard to the European context. Thus, this study aimed at defining energy benchmark indicators for the Italian private healthcare sector using data collected from the Italian mandatory energy audits according to Art.8 EU Directive 27/2012. The benchmark indicators’ definition was made using a methodology proposed by the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA). This methodology provided the calculation of specific energy performance indicators (EnPIs) by considering the global energy consumption of the different sites and the sector’s relevant variables. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from a consolidated but more complex methodology: the one envisaged by the Environmental Protection Agency. The results obtained allowed us to validate the reliability of the proposed methodology, as well as the validity and future usability of the calculated indicators. Relying on a significant database containing actual data from recent energy audits, this study was thus able to provide an up-to-date and reliable benchmark for the private healthcare sector
Effect of antenatal depression on adverse birth outcomes in Gondar town, Ethiopia: A community-based cohort study
Published: June 17, 2020BACKGROUND:The impact of antenatal depression on pregnancy outcomes has been well investigated in developed countries, but few studies have been conducted in low-income countries. As depression is significantly affected by socio-economic and cultural factors, it would be difficult to generalize evidence from high-income countries to low-income countries. We conducted a community-based cohort study to estimate the incidence of adverse birth outcomes and the direct and indirect pathways via which depression and other psychosocial risk factors may impact such birth outcomes within Gondar town, Ethiopia. METHODS:The study followed 916 pregnant women who were screened for antenatal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). We also assessed the incidence of preterm births, Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stillbirths. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of predictors on adverse birth outcomes and a Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was used to estimate the direct and indirect effect of antenatal depression and other psychological risk factors on adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS:The cumulative incidence of stillbirth, LBW and preterm was 1.90%, 5.25%, and 16.42%, respectively. The risk of preterm birth was 1.61, 1.46, 1.49, and 1.77 times higher among participants who identified as Muslim, reported being fearful of delivery, were government employee's, and who had no antenatal care services, respectively. Partner support moderated the association between depression, preterm birth, and LBW. Depression had no direct effect on birth outcomes but indirectly affected preterm birth via partner support. Religion had both direct and indirect effects on preterm birth, while occupation and fear of delivery had direct effects. The risk of LBW was 9.44 and 2.19 times higher among preterm births and those who had exposure to tobacco, respectively. Stress coping was indirectly associated, and preterm birth and tobacco exposure were directly associated with LBW. The risk of stillbirth was 3.22 times higher in women with antenatal depression and 73% lower in women with higher coping abilities. CONCLUSIONS:There was a high incidence of all adverse birth outcomes in Gondar Town. Depression and psychosocial risk factors had important indirect negative effects on risk, while partner support provided a positive indirect effect on the incidence of adverse birth outcomes. Interventions that focus on increasing partner engagement and participation in antenatal support may help reduce adverse birth outcomes by enhancing maternal resilience.Abel Fekadu Dadi, Emma R. Miller, Richard J. Woodman, Telake Azale, Lillian Mwanr
Continuous Ultraviolet to Blue-Green Astrocomb
The characterization of Earth-like exoplanets and precision tests of
cosmological models using next-generation telescopes such as the ELT will
demand precise calibration of astrophysical spectrographs in the visible
region, where stellar absorption lines are most abundant. Astrocombs--lasers
providing a broadband sequence of ultra-narrow, drift-free, regularly spaced
optical frequencies on a multi-GHz grid--promise an atomically-traceable,
versatile calibration scale, but their realization is challenging because of
the need for ultra-broadband frequency conversion of mode-locked infrared
lasers into the blue-green region. Here, we introduce a new concept achieving a
broad, continuous spectrum by combining second-harmonic generation and
sum-frequency-mixing in an aperiodically-poled MgO:PPLN waveguide to generate
gap-free 390-520 nm light from a 1 GHz Ti:sapphire laser frequency comb. We
lock a low-dispersion Fabry-Perot etalon to extract a sub-comb of bandwidth
from 392-472 nm with a spacing of 30 GHz, visualizing the thousands of
resulting comb modes on a high resolution cross-dispersion spectrograph.
Complementary experimental data and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness
of the approach for eliminating the spectral gaps present in
second-harmonic-only conversion, in which weaker fundamental frequencies are
suppressed by the quadratic \{chi}^((2)) nonlinearity. Requiring only ~100 pJ
pulse energies, our concept establishes a practical new route to broadband
UV-visible generation at GHz repetition rates.Comment: 14 pages; 4 figure
Harmonic oscillator with nonzero minimal uncertainties in both position and momentum in a SUSYQM framework
In the context of a two-parameter deformation of the
canonical commutation relation leading to nonzero minimal uncertainties in both
position and momentum, the harmonic oscillator spectrum and eigenvectors are
determined by using techniques of supersymmetric quantum mechanics combined
with shape invariance under parameter scaling. The resulting supersymmetric
partner Hamiltonians correspond to different masses and frequencies. The
exponential spectrum is proved to reduce to a previously found quadratic
spectrum whenever one of the parameters , vanishes, in which
case shape invariance under parameter translation occurs. In the special case
where , the oscillator Hamiltonian is shown to coincide
with that of the q-deformed oscillator with and its eigenvectors are
therefore --boson states. In the general case where , the eigenvectors are constructed as linear combinations of
--boson states by resorting to a Bargmann representation of the latter
and to -differential calculus. They are finally expressed in terms of a
-exponential and little -Jacobi polynomials.Comment: LaTeX, 24 pages, no figure, minor changes, additional references,
final version to be published in JP
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