Pengaruh Penempatan, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan BAPPEDA Kabupaten Flores Timur

Government Agencies are important organizations in relation to good governance and development of the country. Employee performance should be the main aspect that must be considered by government agencies. There were so many factors affecting the performance of employees. In order to achieve the desired performance, these factors must be considered. This study would discuss three factors which may have an effect on the performance of BAPPEDA employees in East Florest District. The three factors were staff placement, workplace environment, and motivation. Staff placements, as a mechanism of Human Resources Management, is one important process in optimizing the organization's human resources. Staff placement processes can affect the performance of employees, for good placement processes would optimize the utilization of human resources to achieve organizational goals. Suitable workplace environment was also needed so that employees could work comfortably. Moreover, the level of motivation was also an important aspect, because the presence of high motivation would make the employees work more diligently and enthusiastically to achieve high productivity. The purpose of this study was (1) to know whether staff placements, physical work environment, and work motivation simultanously had any effect on the performance of civil servants of BAPPEDA in East Flores , and (2) to know whether staff placement, physical work environment, and work motivation individually had any effect on the performance of civil servants of BAPPEDA in East Flores. The method used in this study was quantitative. The independent variables in this study was placement (X1), physical work environment (X2), and motivation (X3). The dependent variable was employee's performance (Y). The population in this study were civil servants in the East Flores BAPPEDA office . The whole population, numbering 28, was used as respondents. The data was collected through questionnaires and observation. Analysis of the data used cross table analysis (crosstab). The results showed that (1) placement, physical workplace environment, and motivation simultaneusly affected employee's performance at the East Flores BAPPEDA Office, and (2) staff placement, physical workplace environment, and motivation individually also affected employee's performance at the East Flores BAPPEDA Office

Augmented Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex Sensitivity in Intradialytic Hypertension.

IntroductionEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with a paradoxical increase in blood pressure (BP) during hemodialysis (HD), termed intradialytic hypertension (ID-HTN), are at significantly increased risk for mortality and adverse cardiovascular events. ID-HTN affects up to 15% of all HD patients, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that ESRD patients prone to ID-HTN have heightened volume-sensitive cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) that leads to exaggerated increases in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation during HD.MethodsWe studied ESRD patients on maintenance HD with ID-HTN (n = 10) and without ID-HTN (controls, n = 12) on an interdialytic day, 24 to 30 hours after their last HD session. We measured continuous muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), beat-to-beat arterial BP, and electrocardiography (ECG) at baseline, and during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Low-dose LBNP isolates cardiopulmonary BRS, whereas higher doses allow assessment of physiologic responses to orthostatic stress.ResultsThe ID-HTN patients had significantly higher pre- and post-HD BP, and greater interdialytic fluid weight gain compared to controls. There was a significantly greater increase in MSNA burst incidence (P = 0.044) during graded LBNP in the ID-HTN group, suggesting heightened cardiopulmonary BRS. The ID-HTN group also had a trend toward increased diastolic BP response during LBNP, and had significantly greater increases in BP during the cold pressor test.ConclusionPatients with ID-HTN have augmented cardiopulmonary BRS that may contribute to increased SNS activation and BP response during HD

Typologie des exploitations agropastorales du terroir de la NEMA (Sénégal, West Africa)

Dans le terroir de la Néma, pour améliorer les rendements dans un contexte de baisse drastique des superficies cultivables et de la fertilité des sols, les agro-pasteurs ont recours à une gestion intégrée des productions agricoles et animales. Ainsi, suivant leur structure, les exploitations agricoles présentent des formes d’organisation diverses. Pour appréhender cette diversité, deux approches ont été utilisées: l’approche socio-économique (enquête) pour définir les caractéristiques des exploitations et l’approche agronomique visant à évaluer les ressources agricoles. Le traitement des données a permis de distinguer suivant la production et l’utilisation des résidus de récolte, deux groupes d’exploitations : celles qui produisent et utilisent, outre les autres résidus, les résidus de sorgho (A) et celles qui ne produisent et n’utilisent pas ces derniers (B); et suivant la taille, trois groupes d’exploitations: celles de grande taille (B1), de taille moyenne (A et B2) et de petite taille (B3). Si la production et l’épandage du fumier sont généralisés dans les groupes d’exploitations A, B1 et B2, ils sont peu développés dans les petites exploitations (B3). Et ce, du fait de l’absence ou de l’insuffisance du cheptel et de l’outillage agricole dans ces dernières, mais aussi de la faiblesse de la main d’oeuvre. La main d’oeuvre suivant les groupes d’exploitations est évaluée à 3,4 actifs agricoles dans le groupe B3 contre 6,4 ; 7,8 et 17 actifs agricoles respectivement pour les groupes d’exploitations B2, A et B1.Mots clés: Résidus de récolte, gestion intégrée, fertilité, fumier, unités agricole

Effects of Lipid Extraction on δ13C and δ15N Values and Use of Lipid-Correction Models Across Tissues, Taxa and Trophic Groups

1. Lipid-rich animal tissues have low δ13C values, which can lead to inaccurate ecological inferences. Chemical lipid extraction (LE) or correction models account for this depletion, but the need for LE or correction is tissue- and species-specific. Also, LE can alter δ15N values, increasing labour and costs because bulk samples must be analysed for δ15N values separately. 2. We studied the effects of LE on δ13C and δ15N values in liver, muscle and skin of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and West Indian manatees Trichechus manatus, two ecologically important species that occupy different trophic levels. We fit lipid-correction models to each species. We also performed a meta-analysis to more broadly determine the effects of LE across taxa, tissues and trophic groups (carnivores, omnivores and herbivores) and to fit lipid-correction models to different taxonomic and trophic groups. 3. Lipid extraction increased the δ13C values in dolphin tissues but had little effect on manatee tissues and no effect on the δ15N values in either species. A mass balance lipid-correction model best fit the data from all dolphin tissues, and a linear model best fit data for manatee liver while null models best fit data from manatee muscle and skin. Across 128 terrestrial and aquatic species, the effects of LE varied among tissues and were lower for herbivores compared to carnivores. The best-fitting lipid-correction models varied among tissue, taxa and trophic groups. Finally, the δ15N values from muscle and liver were affected by LE. 4. Our results strengthen the growing body of evidence that the need for LE is tissue- and species-specific, without a reliable C:N ratio predictive threshold. The prediction errors of lipid-correction models generally decreased with taxonomic and trophic specificity. The smaller effects of LE in herbivores may be due to differences in diet composition or the physiology of lipid synthesis in members of this trophic group. These results suggest that researchers should use the most species-, tissue- and trophic group-specific information on LE available and, if not available, perform LE on a subset of samples prior to analysis to determine effects

Polymers in Curved Boxes

We apply results derived in other contexts for the spectrum of the Laplace operator in curved geometries to the study of an ideal polymer chain confined to a spherical annulus in arbitrary space dimension D and conclude that the free energy compared to its value for an uncurved box of the same thickness and volume, is lower when $D < 3$, stays the same when $D = 3$, and is higher when \mbox{$D > 3$}. Thus confining an ideal polymer chain to a cylindrical shell, lowers the effective bending elasticity of the walls, and might induce spontaneous symmetry breaking, i.e. bending. (Actually, the above mentioned results show that {\em {any}} shell in $D = 3$ induces this effect, except for a spherical shell). We compute the contribution of this effect to the bending rigidities in the Helfrich free energy expression.Comment: 20 pages RevTeX, epsf; 4 figures; submitted to Macromoledule

Linking Use of Ship Channels by West Indian Manatees (Trichechus manatus) to Seasonal Migration and Habitat Use

Research on marine mammal occurrence in ship channels often focuses on large cetaceans in offshore shipping routes, while nearshore research largely addresses small vessel strikes. Marine mammals, such as the West Indian manatee, that reside in or migrate through nearshore areas, have potential to travel through a wide range of channel types, encountering a greater diversity of vessels than previously recognized. We tested the extent and conditions of ship channel use by manatees along the north-central Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) coast by combining data from telemetry-tracked individuals, opportunistic citizen-sourced sightings, and environmental attributes linked to manatee movements. Manatees used both nearshore boat channels (130 and 300 m wide) and open water fairways but used nearshore channels much more frequently, consistent with habitat requirements. Satellite-tracked individuals swam faster and moved more directly in all channel types, indicating use of these channels as migratory and travel corridors. Accordingly, generalized additive models revealed that manatees used channels most often during spring/early summer and fall and at temperatures coincidental with entry to and exit from the nGoM during migration. Manatees also occurred in ship channels when freshwater discharges were low, likely because timing of peak manatee occurrence in the nGoM coincides with seasonally low discharge periods. Expanding shipping activity world-wide is likely to increase interactions between marine mammals and a variety of vessel types, and these effects may be particularly impactful to migratory animals like manatees that use nearshore habitats at the interface of recreational boating and commercial shipping. Linking near- and offshore ship channel use to migration and habitat use will better aid risk-assessment for vessel collision and other shipping related activities for migratory marine species globally

Inhibition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) rescues dopaminergic neurons in pink1-/- zebrafish

Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) are a cause of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Loss of PINK1 function causes dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. We report that both genetic and pharmacological inactivation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, prevents dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in pink1Y431* mutant zebrafish (Danio rerio) via rescue of mitochondrial respiratory chain function. In contrast, genetic inactivation of the voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, did not rescue dopaminergic neurons in PINK1 deficient Danio rerio. Subsequent gene expression studies revealed specific upregulation of the mcu regulator micu1 in pink1Y431* mutant zebrafish larvae and inactivation of micu1 also results in rescue of dopaminergic neurons. The functional consequences of PINK1 deficiency and modified MCU activity were confirmed using a dynamic in silico model of Ca2+ triggered mitochondrial activity. Our data suggest modulation of MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium homeostasis as a possible neuroprotective strategy in PINK1 mutant PD

Multibeam Electron Diffraction

One of the primary uses for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is to measure diffraction pattern images in order to determine a crystal structure and orientation. In nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) we scan a moderately converged electron probe over the sample to acquire thousands or even millions of sequential diffraction images, a technique that is especially appropriate for polycrystalline samples. However, due to the large Ewald sphere of TEM, excitation of Bragg peaks can be extremely sensitive to sample tilt, varying strongly for even a few degrees of sample tilt for crystalline samples. In this paper, we present multibeam electron diffraction (MBED), where multiple probe forming apertures are used to create mutiple STEM probes, all of which interact with the sample simultaneously. We detail designs for MBED experiments, and a method for using a focused ion beam (FIB) to produce MBED apertures. We show the efficacy of the MBED technique for crystalline orientation mapping using both simulations and proof-of-principle experiments. We also show how the angular information in MBED can be used to perform 3D tomographic reconstruction of samples without needing to tilt or scan the sample multiple times. Finally, we also discuss future opportunities for the MBED method.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure