The Certification of the Contents (Mass Fractions) of Flumequine and Oxolinic Acid in Freeze-dried Salmon Tissue. BCR 725

Abstract not availableJRC.D-Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Geel

Posibilidades lignitíferas de la cuenca Neógena de Ademuz (Fosa de Teruel)

La cuenca Terciaria de Ademuz es una cuenca intramontañosa-finialpídica colmatada por sedimentos del Mioceno-Plioceno. Se han distinguido cinco unidades litoestratigráficas en los sedimentos terciarios, de las cuales la Unidad Blanca Inferior presenta cierto interés en cuanto a posibilidades lignitíferas. Corresponde esta Unidad a un ambiente lacustre, en el que se depositan dos tipos de facies: Una travertínica, indicadora de un medio palustre muy somero, con abundante vegetación y condiciones oxidantes, y otra de ambiente tipo charca, que corresponde a un medio con lámina de agua escasa, pero mayor que en el caso anterior, con aguas tranquilas y condiciones reductoras, que son las idóneas para la acumulación de restos vegetales y formación de carbón. Las facies de último tipo predominan en dos zonas telmáticas, situadas al abrigo de islas interiores o en zonas marginales, en ambos casos protegidas de los aportes terrígenos, pero fuera de la zona de deposición de sedimentos exclusivamente lacustres, que se corresponden con las zonas de mayor cantidad de indicios de lignito

Mineral resources of the Tertiary deposits of Spain

Spain is the most self-sufficient country for minerals in the EsU. A major proportion of these Spanish mineral resources has been oblained from Tertiary material-. The main material exploited in Tertiary basins have been: brown coal and lignites, potassium salts, sodium salts (sulphates and chlorides), diátomite, sepiolite and other absorbent days, bentonites, celestine. pumíce and also dimension (building) stones and ceramícs, portland cement and plaster raw materials. Pb-Zn-Ag and gold alunite volcanogenic ores, related to Neogene volcanism, besides Au-placers have been mined from Roman times, Minor Cu and Mn occurrences are also reviewed. The brown coal mines of Galician basins have provided all the sígnificant productíon of Spain: more than 17 Mt. Low-quaility Oligocene lignites in the eastern part of the Ebro Basin and Balearic Islands are less important from tbe economic point of view. Other occurrences are in the Guinzo de Limia. Guadix Baza. Granada (Arenas del Rey) and Alcoy basins. The Spanish Tertiary basins (continental and marine, (Oligocene-Miocene) are filled by thick evaporites in which are obtained potassium salts and sodium salts (sulphates and chlorides). The Montevives celestine mine is located in the evaporitic unit of the Granada basin (Miocene), and provides all of the Spanish celestine production. Spain is the world's third largest producer of celestine. The Madríd basin and the minor Calatayud basín supply the whole of Spanish sepiolitic production. The most important Spanish attapulgite production is obtained from the El Cuervo mine (Sevilla and Cádiz provinces). The genesis of the Cabo de Gata bentonite deposits is thought to be by hydrothermal alteration and halmyrolsis of Neogene volcanic roch. The Madrid basin bentonites and 'pink days' have been interpreted as an early diagenetic. even edaphic Mg-rich, attapulgitization of illite clays. The most important areas of ceramic c1ay production in Spain are localed in the Guadalquivir basin (Bailen area) and the Madrid basin, (La Sagra Alcalá de Henares). The continental Neogene basin ofthe Hellin area supplies 90 % of Spanish diamote production

Environmental drivers of distribution and reef development of the Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa

Cladocora caespitosa is the only Mediterranean scleractinian similar to tropical reef-building corals. While this species is part of the recent fossil history of the Mediterranean Sea, it is currently considered endangered due to its decline during the last decades. Environmental factors affecting the distribution and persistence of extensive bank reefs of this endemic species across its whole geographic range are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the environmental response of C. caespitosa and its main types of assemblages using ecological niche modeling and ordination analysis. We also predicted other suitable areas for the occurrence of the species and assessed the conservation effectiveness of Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs) for this coral. We found that phosphate concentration and wave height were factors affecting both the occurrence of this versatile species and the distribution of its extensive bioconstructions in the Mediterranean Sea. A set of factors (diffuse attenuation coefficient, calcite and nitrate concentrations, mean wave height, sea surface temperature, and shape of the coast) likely act as environmental barriers preventing the species from expansion to the Atlantic Ocean and the Black Sea. Uncertainties in our large-scale statistical results and departures from previous physiological and ecological studies are also discussed under an integrative perspective. This study reveals that Mediterranean MPAs encompass eight of the ten banks and 16 of the 21 beds of C. caespitosa. Preservation of water clarity by avoiding phosphate discharges may improve the protection of this emblematic species.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTM2014-57949-R]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Palaeoenvironmental record of human and natural changes in Tablas de Daimiel inland wetland (Ciudad Real. Spain).

En el presente trabajo se presentan los datos polínicos de los primeros 50 cm. del sondeo PVC 4.1 localizado a la derecha del río Cigüela, dentro del Parque Nacional de las Tablas de Daimiel, con el fin de poder establecer la reconstrucción paleoambiental y paleoclimática así como la influencia del hombre en este ecosistema. Se han podido identificar dos importantes periodos de impactos sobre el humedal, el denominado periodo natural y el antrópico. Durante la primera fase de la secuencia (natural) los cambios detectados en el ecosistema fueron debidos fundamentalmente a variaciones climáticas ante las cuales la vegetación tiene tendencia a la recuperación. Sin embargo, los cambios en el paisaje debidos a la actividad antrópica, especialmente la desecación y la sobreexplotación rompieron el ciclo natural, de manera que el ecosistema no ha sido capaz de recuperarse a pesar de los intentos para evitar la pérdida de superficie inundada.This article presents polinical data from the first 50cm of the PVC 4.1 core, located on the right bank of the river Cigüela, on Parque Nacional de las Tablas de Daimiel, with the aim of establishing the paleoenviromental and paleoclimatic reconstruction, as well as human influence on the site. Two important periods with significant impact on soil moisture have been identified: the natural and the anthropic. During the first stage of the sequence (natural), changes detected on the ecosystem were due mainly to climatic variations. After those changes vegetation cover tend to natural recovery. However, changes due to anthropic activity, mainly desiccation and overexploitation, broke the natural cycle, to the extent that the ecosystem has not been able to recover on spite of several attempts made to prevent the loss of flooded surface.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnologíapu

Development of surface plasmon resonance-based sensor for detection of silver nanoparticles in food and the environment

Silver nanoparticles are recognized as effective antimicrobial agents and have been implemented in various consumer products including washing machines, refrigerators, clothing, medical devices, and food packaging. Alongside the silver nanoparticles benefits, their novel properties have raised concerns about possible adverse effects on biological systems. To protect consumer’s health and the environment, efficient monitoring of silver nanoparticles needs to be established. Here, we present the development of human metallothionein (MT) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for rapid detection of nanosilver. Incorporation of human metallothionein 1A to the sensor surface enables screening for potentially biologically active silver nanoparticles at parts per billion sensitivity. Other protein ligands were also tested for binding capacity of the nanosilver and were found to be inferior to the metallothionein. The biosensor has been characterized in terms of selectivity and sensitivity towards different types of silver nanoparticles and applied in measurements of real-life samples—such as fresh vegetables and river water. Our findings suggest that human MT1-based SPR sensor has the potential to be utilized as a routine screening method for silver nanoparticles, that can provide rapid and automated analysis dedicated to environmental and food safety monitoring

Bedforms and sedimentary structures related to supercritical flows in glacigenic settings

Upper-flow-regime bedforms, including upper-stage-plane beds, antidunes, chutes-and-pools and cyclic steps, are ubiquitous in glacigenic depositional environments characterized by abundant meltwater discharge and sediment supply. In this study, the depositional record of Froude near-critical and supercritical flows in glacigenic settings is reviewed, and similarities and differences between different depositional environments are discussed. Upper-flow-regime bedforms may occur in subglacial, subaerial and subaqueous environments, recording deposition by free-surface flows and submerged density flows. Although individual bedform types are generally not indicative of any specific depositional environment, some observed trends are similar to those documented in non-glacigenic settings. Important parameters for bedform evolution that differ between depositional environments include flow confinement, bed slope, aggradation rate and grain size. Cyclic-step deposits are more common in confined settings, like channels or incised valleys, or steep slopes of coarse-grained deltas. Antidune deposits prevail in unconfined settings and on more gentle slopes, like glacifluvial fans, sand-rich delta slopes or subaqueous (ice-contact) fans. At low aggradation rates, only the basal portions of bedforms are preserved, such as scour fills related to the hydraulic-jump zone of cyclic steps or antidune-wave breaking, which are common in glacifluvial systems and during glacial lake-outburst floods and (related) lake-level falls. Higher aggradation rates result in increased preservation potential, possibly leading to the preservation of complete bedforms. Such conditions are met in sediment-laden jökulhlaups and subaqueous proglacial environments characterized by expanding density flows. Coarser-grained sediment leads to steeper bedform profiles and highly scoured facies architectures, while finer-grained deposits display less steep bedform architectures. Such differences are in part related to stronger flows, faster settling of coarse clasts, and more rapid breaking of antidune waves or hydraulic-jump formation over hydraulically rough beds. © 2020 The Authors. Sedimentology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Sedimentologist

Spain

This chapter presents a review of the situation concerning the various geomorphological hazards in the country, including some information about existing programmes for research, control and mitigation. With its great variety of climatic, geological and morphodynamic environments, Spain is subject to every kind of natural hazard: tsunamis, floods, volcanism, and mass movements. The whole of the territory is prone to some kind of geomorphological hazard but it is in the eastern and southern coastal strips that the risks are greatest. One of the main problems for the mitigation of geomorphological hazards in Spain is the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework for the incorporation of natural hazard assessments into land-use planning and management at the macro-, meso- and micro-planning levels. The coverage of hazard mapping is still far from complete or adequate, and much work remains to be done. There has been considerable diversity in the methods used for risk assessment and for the cartographic representation of natural hazards. An urgent need is to establish common, accepted methodologies and criteria, based on indicators defined as clearly as possible, and to standardize map legends and scales for different planning levels. Information programmes for the general public also need to be considerably expanded

Datos geofísicos y evolución sedimentaria de la Depresión de la Janda (Cádiz)

La Janda lake is located ¡rito a tectonic graben filled by Pleistocene and Holocene fluvio-marine sediments. Geophysical survey consisting on Electric-logs and seismic refraction profiles aimed to determining the thickness of Quaternary sediments infilling the graben. Nevertheless, the results are significantly distorted by a saline aquifer that occupies most of the sedimentary filling. In any case it is possible to identify an assymetric subsident area reaching up to 300 m depth, characterised by very low apparent resistivities (1.5-2.4 W/m). This thick geoelectrical unit can be preliminary subdivided into 3 different subunits here called A, 67, B2, characterised by resistivity differences. The shallow 4-6 m thick Unit A consists of a thin lacustrine and alluvial day and silts of Holocene age easily recognized in seismic refraction profiles and drill cores. Unit B can be separated in two subunits; Both are saturated in brackish or saline waters; B1 is a 20-40 m thick unit that thins northward and correspond to the Plio-Pleistocene, B2 is a slightly more resistive unit that extends from this depth to 352 m and corresponds to deeply weathered mio-pliocene sandstones. The upper part of Sub-unit 87 correspond to estuarine sands recorded in a previous core which deposition finishes at ca. 3810 cal BP. A sharp normal fault limits the southern part of La Janda assymetric grabenPeer reviewe