Implementing of Balanced Scorecard: Sample of Turkish Republic Ministry of Youth and Sport

The Balanced Scorecard approach has emerged as a selecting method through multiple performance measures that meets many of challenges faced by public institutions. The adoption of what is considered to be private sector management styles and techniques is now becoming commonplace. With the method of balanced scorecard, institutions are able to perform measurements of material assets as well as nonmaterial assets. These measurements are performed in four dimensions defined as financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, and learning and growth perspective. In contemporary management, sport needs to be managed autonomously like developed countries. Turkey is one of the three countries that sport is managed by government. Sport is a state-run institution, but a widespread sector with profit and non-profit organizations in Turkey. For this reason, in this study, the balanced scorecard method is applied to Ministry of Youth and Sport as a strategic management tool. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Factors Influencing Competitive Advantage of Sports Clubs in Turkey

DergiPark: 423422trakyasobedThe aim of this study is to investigate thecompetition structure of Turkish sport sector from the point of professionalfootball clubs according to Porter’s Five Forces Framework. Porter refers tothe factors influencing competition in a sector as buyers, sellers, potentialthreats created by new entrants to the sector, substitute products andcompetition existing within the sector. Within the increasing economic value ofsports, the share of the clubs is also increasing. As professional footballclubs are the biggest part of Turkish sports economic with its externalcircumstances, they are chosen for this study. The main research question ofthe study is finding out the factors influencing competition in Turkish sportsector. Qualitative method was used for document analyzing and in-depthinterviews. The results show that besides football federation, the competitiveability of the sports clubs mostly depends on the government’s decisions inTurkey. Considering the increasing income of sports clubs such as sponsorshipand donations, sports clubs have to look at the competition structure from astrategic perspective thus they can manage these increasing revenues andsources professionally. Sports clubs miss out on some competitive advantages ifthey do not make long-term agreements. These advantages have been assessed atthe level of factors identified by Porter.Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk spor sektörü rekabet yapısının futbol kulüpleriaçısından Porter’in Rekabetin Beş Gücü yaklaşımıyla incelenmesidir. Porter birsektörde rekabeti etkileyen unsurları alıcılar, satıcılar, sektöre yenigirebilecek olanların yarattığı potansiyel tehditler, ikame ürünler ve sektöriçi var olan rekabet olarak belirtmektedir. Sporun artan ekonomik değerininiçinde kulüplerin payı da artmaktadır. Profesyonel futbol kulüpleri de çevreselunsurlarıyla birlikte Türk spor sektöründe büyük bir pay oluşturduğundançalışmanın konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Aynı zamanda alan yazında henüz Türk sporsektöründe rekabet yapısını bu bakış açısıyla inceleyen bir çalışma yeralmamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel sorusu Türkiye’de spor sektöründe rekabetietkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğudur. Doküman analizi ve derinlemesinegörüşmelerle nitel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye’de sporkulüplerinin rekabet edebilirliğinin futbol federasyonu dışında çoğunlukladevletin aldığı kararlara bağlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Spor kulüplerininsponsorluk ve bağışlar gibi artan gelirleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bugelir ve kaynakları profesyonel bir şekilde yönetebilmek için rekabet yapısınastratejik bir çerçeveden bakmaları gerekmektedir. Spor kulüpleri uzun dönemliplanlamalar yaparak rekabet avantajlarının sürdürülebilirliğini artırabilirler.Bu avantajlar Porter’ın tanımladığı faktörler düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir

Effects of a sport leadership programme on the perceptions of university students about their leadership competencies (Efectos de un programa de liderazgo deportivo sobre las percepciones de alumnado universitario)

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sport leadership programme (ESLP) on variables related to the leaders’ perception regarding instrumental, personal, and systemic skills in university students. In doing so, the second purpose was to analyse the trans-cultural validity of the Cuestionario de Evaluación de Competencias Transversales de Grado (CECTGRA). Participated 61 students as leaders, 25 mentors and 25 employers, from five European countries. The design was pre-test-post-test, following a longitudinal approach of 24 months to evaluate the effects of the ESLP on variables related to the leader’s perception. An adaptation of the CECTGRA was administered. The questionnaire was valid and reliable to know the effects of the ESLP on the students’ perceptions. However, the sports leaders did not improve their perceptions of competence regarding development, mastery and relevance after the application of the programme. From the finding of this study it is recommended to improve the programme based on the leadership competencies to develop, the teaching-learning methodologies to follow, the activities to implement, and the roles to determine

Efectos de un programa de liderazgo deportivo sobre las percepciones de alumnado universitario acerca de sus competencias como líderes

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sport leadership programme (ESLP) on varia-bles related to the leaders’ perception regarding instru-mental, personal, and systemic skills in university students. In doing so, the second purpose was to analyse the trans-cultural validity of the Cuestionario de Evaluación de Com-petencias Transversales de Grado (CECTGRA). Participated 61 students as leaders, 25 mentors and 25 employers, from five European countries. The design was pre-test-post-test, following a longitudinal approach of 24 months to eva-luate the effects of the ESLP on variables related to the leader’s perception. An adaptation of the CECTGRA was administered. The questionnaire was valid and reliable to know the effects of the ESLP on the students’ perceptions. However, the sports leaders did not improve their percep-tions of competence regarding development, mastery and relevance after the application of the programme. From the finding of this study it is recommended to improve the programme based on the leadership competencies to de-velop, the teaching-learning methodologies to follow, the activities to implement, and the roles to determineEl objetivo principal fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de liderazgo deportivo (ESLP) sobre variables relacionadas con la percepción de lo líderes acerca de sus habilidades instrumentales, personales y sistémicas con alumnado universitario. Para ello, fue necesario analizar la validez transcultural del Cuestionario de Evaluación de Competencias Transversales de Grado (CECTGRA). Participaron 61 alumnos como líderes, 25 mentores y 25 empleadores de cinco países europeos. El diseño fue pre-test-post-test, siguiendo un enfoque longitudinal de 24 meses para evaluar los efectos del ESLP sobre variables relacionadas con las percepciones de los líderes. Una adaptación del CECTGRA fue contestado en las evaluaciones pre-test-post-test. El cuestionario fue válido y fiable para saber los efectos del ESLP sobre las percepciones de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, los líderes deportivos no mejoraron sus percepciones de competencia respecto a desarrollo, dominio y relevancia tras la aplicación del programa. A partir de estos resultados, se recomienda mejorar el programa a partir de las competencias de liderazgo a desarrollar, las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje a seguir, las actividades a implementar y los roles a determinarActividad Física y Deport

GLOBALIZATION AND THE SPORTS INDUSTRY

Sport is an item that is required to have and maintain a healthy and balanced way in a better quality of human life, especially in recent years. The idea of cultural activities and sporting activities are together psychologically prepared to person everyday life is generally agreed today. As a global phenomenon sport is becoming widespread depending on the socio-economic conditions of communities. Sport also part of the consumer phenomenon which accelerate to globalization widespread. In this study, the priority issues of globalization and the sports sector, sports sector in reference to the effects of globalization, technological, ideological and economic factors that were evaluated under the title. Having suffered a sporty new materials technology to break new records and other means allowed by the mass media often emphasized. This process continues today accelerated by the expanding sports industry in this area and increase commercial gain. Ideologically bipolar world, based on competition between the two camps, culture, art, sports, technology, literature and, of course, the army, the politics of the world defined as established. The effects of globalization on the economic aspects of sports industry shows itself in the same way. Athletes astronomical transfer fees, the emergence of the global world of clubs, spor ts organizations tofollow up by billions in advertising and sponsorship, contribution to the promotion of the country because of the organization and facility investments, the audience, accommodation, live broadcast, advertising, promotion, food, gift items, entertainment, drinks, clothing, etc. World cups are importance given by multinational companies and organizations that hope is one of the largest incomes

Performance Evaluation of Basketball Referees with an Integrated MCDM Approach

Basketball referees have to make decisions quickly and accurately under pressure and stress within a limited time. Their decisions affect the results of the match. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performances of the referees and give them feedback. This study aims to propose an MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) approach to evaluate the performances of basketball referees for the observers and instructors who evaluate officials’ performance. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) methods are integrated to evaluate the performance of basketball referees. Criteria weights are considered as equal in the current performance evaluation system of the basketball referees. In this study, the weights of the performance evaluation criteria were determined with the help of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, taking into consideration the fact that the criteria will have different importance degrees. Then, the ranking of the basketball referees according to their performances was obtained using the WASPAS method. The obtained rankings of referees by the help of the proposed integrated approach is different from the ranking obtained with the existing basketball referee evaluation system. This is done because, in the proposed approach, weights of different importance are given to the criteria with the AHP method; also, for ranking the referees, the WASPAS method is used. The proposed approach will improve the referee evaluation process and quality. In this manner, the referees’ performance can be discussed more objectively. Objective evaluation criteria will also improve the performance of referees by strengthening the trust of the referees in the system. © 2020 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved

Effects of a sport leadership programme on the perceptions of university students about their leadership competencies

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sport leadership programme (ESLP) on variables related to the leaders’ perception regarding instrumental, personal, and systemic skills in university students. In doing so, the second purpose was to analyse the trans-cultural validity of the Cuestionario de Evaluación de Competencias Transversales de Grado (CECTGRA). Participated 61 students as leaders, 25 mentors and 25 employers, from five European countries. The design was pre-test-post-test, following a longitudinal approach of 24 months to evaluate the effects of the ESLP on variables related to the leader’s perception. An adaptation of the CECTGRA was administered. The questionnaire was valid and reliable to know the effects of the ESLP on the students’ perceptions. However, the sports leaders did not improve their perceptions of competence regarding development, mastery and relevance after the application of the programme. From the finding of this study it is recommended to improve the programme based on the leadership competencies to develop, the teaching-learning methodologies to follow, the activities to implement, and the roles to determine.===El objetivo principal fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de liderazgo deportivo (ESLP) sobre variables relacionadas con la percepción de lo líderes acerca de sus habilidades instrumentales, personales y sistémicas con alumnado universitario. Para ello, fue necesario analizar la validez transcultural del Cuestionario de Evaluación de Competencias Transversales de Grado (CECTGRA). Participaron 61 alumnos como líderes, 25 mentores y 25 empleadores de cinco países europeos. El diseño fue pre-test-post-test, siguiendo un enfoque longitudinal de 24 meses para evaluar los efectos del ESLP sobre variables relacionadas con las percepciones de los líderes. Una adaptación del CECTGRA fue contestado en las evaluaciones pre-test-post-test. El cuestionario fue válido y fiable para saber los efectos del ESLP sobre las percepciones de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, los líderes deportivos no mejoraron sus percepciones de competencia respecto a desarrollo, dominio y relevancia tras la aplicación del programa. A partir de estos resultados, se recomienda mejorar el programa a partir de las competencias de liderazgo a desarrollar, las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje a seguir, las actividades a implementar y los roles a determinar