La Maison de l’histoire européenne

La Maison de l’histoire européenne (MHE) est un musée d’histoire de l’Europe, institué et administré par le Parlement européen et ouvert à Bruxelles depuis mai 2017. Quels sont les défis rencontrés par cette institution muséale particulière ? Le point de vue de cette contribution est celui de l’une des conservatrices qui travaille, depuis le lancement du projet en 2011, au développement des contenus et à leur communication. Le musée est donc ici au centre du propos, à travers ses collections et ses présentations d’abord (quel récit d’histoire de l’Europe ?), à travers les normes qui le régissent et les pratiques professionnelles qu’il met en œuvre ensuite, et, enfin, à travers ce qu’implique la spécificité européenne, transnationale de ce musée, aussi bien du point de vue des contenus que du fonctionnement au sein d’une institution européenne.The House of European History (HEH) is a museum of European history, established and administered by the European Parliament and opened in Brussels in May 2017. What are the challenges faced by this particular museum institution? This contribution offers the point of view of one of the curators who has been working, since the launch of the project in 2011, on the development of its content and communication. The museum is therefore at the centre of the article, first from the perspective of its collections and presentations (which narrative for the history of Europe?), then from the perspective of the standards that it follows and of the professional practices that it promotes, and finally from the perspective of what the European transnational specificity of this museum implies, both in terms of its content and in terms of how it functions within a European institution.La Casa de la Historia Europea (CHE) es un museo de historia de Europa, instituido y administrado por el Parlamento Europeo, abierto en Bruselas en mayo 2017. ¿Cuáles son los desafíos que enfrenta esta institución museística particular? El punto de vista de esta contribución es el de una de las conservadoras de este museo, que trabaja, desde el lanzamiento del proyecto en 2011, en el desarrollo de los contenidos y la comunicación. Por tanto, el museo se encuentra en el centro de nuestra contribución. En primer lugar, a través sus los contenidos (¿qué relato de la historia de Europa?), a través de las normas que lo rigen y las prácticas profesionales que implementa y, finalmente, a través de lo que implica la especificidad europea y transnacional de este museo, tanto desde el punto de vista de sus contenidos como de su funcionamiento en el seno de una institución europea

Tri-dimensional optical inspection based on flexible image guide: first step toward 3D industrial endoscopy

International audience3D optical endoscopy is now a major challenge to allow the high resolution inspection of industrial equipments. The proposed instrument is based on a flexible image guide (70 000 fibres) and a Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD, 1024 x 768 "on-off" micro mirrors). The optical design is as follows: the light emitted by a 532 nm laser diode is dynamically structured by the DMD chip as a fringes pattern which is phase-shifted due to the active control of the DMD chip and projected onto an object on a circular field of 6 mm in diameter. Due to a telecentric and binocular arrangement that creates a stereoscopic angle, it is possible to get a depth of field of 2 mm along the optical axis without keystone distortions and few disturbances created by defocus and coma aberrations. Then, images are captured by a 1024 x 768 digital camera (not yet moved away by fibres) at 15 fps and directly used in the reconstruction algorithm to access the tri-dimensional shape of the unpainted object. The results are compared to incoherent white light results obtained with white painted mechanical objects. The lateral resolution is 31.3 µm and the RMS axial resolution is 10 µm for the laser-based design after speckle attenuation

Pas à pas : la réadaptation des amputés du membre inférieur

Travail d'intégration réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.Le manque de ressources disponibles concernant la réadaptation des amputés du membre inférieur, et le besoin flagrant d’information à ce sujet autant au Québec que dans les pays victimes de catastrophes naturelles ou de guerres, nous ont poussé à effectuer une recension de la littérature pour concevoir un outil d’information concis et spécifique concernant la réadaptation à la marche des amputés trans-tibiaux et trans-fémoraux. Trois sections seront abordées dans cet outil d’information : Facteurs prédictifs : Un portrait des conditions pouvant favoriser ou nuire à la réadaptation de la marche avec prothèse sera dressé. Douleur fantôme : La pathophysiologie de la douleur fantôme (DF) de même que l’évaluation de la DF et son traitement seront abordés. Évaluation et traitement : Une liste de problèmes spécifiques aux amputés basée sur la littérature sera dressée et regroupera la douleur résiduelle, l’oedème et la sensibilité du moignon, la diminution de souplesse, d’amplitude articulaire et de force musculaire, une diminution de l’équilibre debout et une difficulté à la marche prothétique. Différents questionnaires et échelles de mesures seront proposés selon les évidences pour évaluer ces problèmes et un traitement basé sur les données cliniques et probantes de la littérature sera proposé pour chacun de ces problèmes. Pour terminer, nous résumerons les grandes lignes qui devraient guider la réadaptation des amputés du membre inférieur et soulignerons les lacunes de la littérature et les domaines nécessitant des recherches futures

Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Kinase, and Adiponectin in the Ovary

The mechanisms controlling the interaction between energy balance and reproduction are the subject of intensive investigations. The integrated control of these systems is probably a multifaceted phenomenon involving an array of signals governing energy homeostasis, metabolism, and fertility. Two fuel sensors, PPARs, a superfamily of nuclear receptors and the kinase AMPK, integrate energy control and lipid and glucose homeostasis. Adiponectin, one of the adipocyte-derived factors mediate its actions through the AMPK or PPARs pathway. These three molecules are expressed in the ovary, raising questions about the biological actions of fuel sensors in fertility and the use of these molecules to treat fertility problems. This review will highlight the expression and putative role of PPARs, AMPK, and adiponectin in the ovary, particularly during folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and oocyte maturation

Adsorption of a PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer on metal oxide surfaces with a view to reducing protein adsorption and further biofouling

Biomolecule adsorption is the first stage of biofouling. The aim of this work was to reduce the adsorption of proteins on stainless steel (SS) and titanium surfaces by modifying them with a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)–PEO triblock copolymer. Anchoring of the central PPO block of the copolymer is known to be favoured by hydrophobic interaction with the substratum. Therefore, the surfaces of metal oxides were first modified by self-assembly of octadecylphosphonic acid. PEO–PPO–PEO preadsorbed on the hydrophobized surfaces of titanium or SS was shown to prevent the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen and cytochrome C, as monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were used to characterize the surfaces of the SS and titanium after competitive adsorption of PEO–PPO–PEO and BSA. The results show that the adsorption of BSA is well prevented on hydrophobized surfaces, in contrast to the surfaces of native metal oxides

Ocean Acidification Accelerates Reef Bioerosion

In the recent discussion how biotic systems may react to ocean acidification caused by the rapid rise in carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) in the marine realm, substantial research is devoted to calcifiers such as stony corals. The antagonistic process – biologically induced carbonate dissolution via bioerosion – has largely been neglected. Unlike skeletal growth, we expect bioerosion by chemical means to be facilitated in a high-CO2 world. This study focuses on one of the most detrimental bioeroders, the sponge Cliona orientalis, which attacks and kills live corals on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Experimental exposure to lowered and elevated levels of pCO2 confirms a significant enforcement of the sponges’ bioerosion capacity with increasing pCO2 under more acidic conditions. Considering the substantial contribution of sponges to carbonate bioerosion, this finding implies that tropical reef ecosystems are facing the combined effects of weakened coral calcification and accelerated bioerosion, resulting in critical pressure on the dynamic balance between biogenic carbonate build-up and degradation

Effect of adiponectin on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryo development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adiponectin is an adipokine, mainly produced by adipose tissue. It regulates several reproductive processes. The protein expression of the adiponectin system (adiponectin, its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and the APPL1 adaptor) in bovine ovary and its role on ovarian cells and embryo, remain however to be determined.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Here, we identified the adiponectin system in bovine ovarian cells and embryo using RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro the effects of recombinant human adiponectin (10 micro g/mL) on proliferation of granulosa cells (GC) measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation, progesterone and estradiol secretions measured by radioimmunoassay in the culture medium of GC, nuclear oocyte maturation and early embryo development.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We show that the mRNAs and proteins for the adiponectin system are present in bovine ovary (small and large follicles and corpus luteum) and embryo. Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were more precisely localized in oocyte, GC and theca cells. Adiponectin increased IGF-1 10(-8) M-induced GC proliferation (P < 0.01) but not basal or insulin 10(-8) M-induced proliferation. Additionally, adiponectin decreased insulin 10(-8) M-induced, but not basal or IGF-1 10(-8) M-induced secretions of progesterone (P < 0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.05) by GC. This decrease in insulin-induced steroidogenesis was associated with a decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation in GC pre-treated with adiponectin. Finally, addition of adiponectin during in vitro maturation affected neither the percentage of oocyte in metaphase-II nor 48-h cleavage and blastocyst day 8 rates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In bovine species, adiponectin decreased insulin-induced steroidogenesis and increased IGF-1-induced proliferation of cultured GC through a potential involvement of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, whereas it did not modify oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro.</p