L'agriculture d'oasis. Bibliographie

La compréhension de l'agriculture oasienne, forme d'occupation et d'exploitation des zones arides, nécessite une approche globale. Cette bibliographie présente 312 références concernant : les déserts et les zones arides qui permettent de restituer l'oasis dans son environnnement; les thèmes tels que micro-climat, salinité, érosion, eau, pastoralisme, marché de la datte; les aspects non agricoles tels qu'histoire, faune, artisanat; les cultures oasiennes, le palmier dattier, mais aussi son environnement et les cultures qui l'accompagnen

In-vivo metabolic characterization of healthy prostate and orthotopic prostate cancer in rats using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.7 T.

International audienceBackground To assist the development of new anti-cancer drugs, it is important to identify biomarkers of treatment efficacy in the preclinical phases of drug development. In order to improve the predictivity of preclinical experiments, more realistic animal models are needed, for example, tumors xenografted directly on the prostate gland of rodents. Purpose To characterize the in-vivo metabolism of healthy rat prostate and of an orthotopic human prostate cancer model using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Material and Methods The highly metastatic and hormone-independent PC3-MM2 human prostate cancer model was implanted into the ventral prostate lobe of three Nude rats. Healthy Nude (n = 6) and Sprague-Dawley (n = 6) rats were also studied for interspecies comparison of normal prostate metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging and short echo-time (TE 11.2 ms) single voxel PRESS spectroscopy were performed on dorsal (DP) and ventral (VP) prostate as well as tumor at 4.7 T. The metabolic content and volume of dorsal and ventral lobes were characterized as a function of species and age. Results Slightly lower total creatine (tCr)/water (11.3 2.6 vs. 15.3 3.0, NS), but significantly higher Inositol (Ins)/water (18.9 1.9 vs. 6.6 3.3, P < 0.003) and total choline (tCho)/water (15.0 2.1 vs. 5.6 1.1, P < 0.00007) were observed within healthy DP lobes with respect to VP lobes. No significant variation in metabolic content was seen in healthy DP and VP lobes of Nude rats as a function of age, and no species dependence was observed in their metabolic content. For the orthotopic PC3-MM2 tumor, implanted in VP, the tCr/water ratio was significantly lower (3.1 0.9) than neighboring DP (12.8 1.8, P < 0.00003) and healthy VP (15.3 3.0, P < 0.00006). For Ins, the metabolite ratio in PC3-MM2 was close to that of healthy VP (4.3 2.8 vs. 6.6 3.3, p = NS), but much lower than in neighboring DP (19.1 1.3, P < 0.00005). A similar trend was also observed for tCho, where metabolite ratios in PC3-MM2, healthy VP and neighboring DP were 3.5 0.9, 5.6 1.1, and 15.9 0.8, respectively. Conclusion The in-vivo MRS study of healthy prostate and orthotopic prostate cancer is feasible in rats. Such baseline data could be important when following the modifications in metabolism, including during anti-cancer drug development protocols or following radiotherapy

MR-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and the evaluation of the therapeutic response to radiotherapy (ETRR) in prostatic carcinoma (PCa): Implementation of clinical and experimental approaches

International audienc

Temozolomide and radiotherapy antitumor efficacy evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human glioma models in nude rats

International audienc

Projet de recherche pour le développement de l'agriculture d'oasis. Rapport d'activités 1992

Dans le cadre du projet de recherche pour le développement de l'agriculture d'oasis dans le sud tunisien, trois volets sont mis en action : 1 - inventaire du patrimoine génétique, 2 - protection des cultures, 3 - agronomie et développement. Plusieurs missions du GRIDAO, dont les rapports sont rassemblés dans ce document, se sont rendues à l'INRAT et au CRPh pour la mise en place et l'évaluation des opérations du projet, mais aussi concernant : - l'inventaire variétal des dattes et les problèmes de qualité pour le conditionnement, - le suivi des travaux de lutte biologique, - les travaux d'enquêtes, de typologies et de zonages des zones d'oasis, - le montage de la gestion informatisée des données bibliographiques, - l'élaboration d'un suivi phytosaniataire de la palmeraie informatique et cartographiqu

Remdesivir plus standard of care versus standard of care alone for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): a phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label trial.

BACKGROUND: The antiviral efficacy of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of remdesivir plus standard of care compared with standard of care alone in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, with indication of oxygen or ventilator support. METHODS: DisCoVeRy was a phase 3, open-label, adaptive, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial conducted in 48 sites in Europe (France, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Luxembourg). Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and illness of any duration were eligible if they had clinical evidence of hypoxaemic pneumonia, or required oxygen supplementation. Exclusion criteria included elevated liver enzymes, severe chronic kidney disease, any contraindication to one of the studied treatments or their use in the 29 days before random assignment, or use of ribavirin, as well as pregnancy or breastfeeding. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to receive standard of care alone or in combination with remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon beta-1a, or hydroxychloroquine. Randomisation used computer-generated blocks of various sizes; it was stratified on severity of disease at inclusion and on European administrative region. Remdesivir was administered as 200 mg intravenous infusion on day 1, followed by once daily, 1-h infusions of 100 mg up to 9 days, for a total duration of 10 days. It could be stopped after 5 days if the participant was discharged. The primary outcome was the clinical status at day 15 measured by the WHO seven-point ordinal scale, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population and was one of the secondary outcomes. This trial is registered with the European Clinical Trials Database, EudraCT2020-000936-23, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04315948. FINDINGS: Between March 22, 2020, and Jan 21, 2021, 857 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to remdesivir plus standard of care (n=429) or standard of care only (n=428). 15 participants were excluded from analysis in the remdesivir group, and ten in the control group. At day 15, the distribution of the WHO ordinal scale was: (1) not hospitalised, no limitations on activities (61 [15%] of 414 in the remdesivir group vs 73 [17%] of 418 in the control group); (2) not hospitalised, limitation on activities (129 [31%] vs 132 [32%]); (3) hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen (50 [12%] vs 29 [7%]); (4) hospitalised, requiring supplemental oxygen (76 [18%] vs 67 [16%]); (5) hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices (15 [4%] vs 14 [3%]); (6) hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (62 [15%] vs 79 [19%]); (7) death (21 [5%] vs 24 [6%]). The difference between treatment groups was not significant (odds ratio 0·98 [95% CI 0·77-1·25]; p=0·85). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of serious adverse events between treatment groups (remdesivir, 135 [33%] of 406 vs control, 130 [31%] of 418; p=0·48). Three deaths (acute respiratory distress syndrome, bacterial infection, and hepatorenal syndrome) were considered related to remdesivir by the investigators, but only one by the sponsor's safety team (hepatorenal syndrome). INTERPRETATION: No clinical benefit was observed from the use of remdesivir in patients who were admitted to hospital for COVID-19, were symptomatic for more than 7 days, and required oxygen support. FUNDING: European Union Commission, French Ministry of Health, Domaine d'intérêt majeur One Health Île-de-France, REACTing, Fonds Erasme-COVID-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Austrian Group Medical Tumor, European Regional Development Fund, Portugal Ministry of Health, Portugal Agency for Clinical Research and Biomedical Innovation. TRANSLATION: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Livrable 1.4 projet DYMOA - Diagnostic d'infrastructures et dynamique du véhicule pour les Motos et les Autos

Les objectifs poursuivis par le projet DYMOA étaient: De développer de nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic des infrastructures routières et de leur usage par des conducteurs de 2RM (Deux-Roues Motorisés) et de VL à l'aide d'EDR (Enregistreurs de Données de la Route), basées notamment sur l'analyse des incidents. De produire de la connaissance sur l'utilisation réelle d'un 2RM, en distinguant : les interactions avec l'infrastructure, l'utilisation des capacités dynamiques des 2RM, notamment les vitesses pratiquées et les comparaisons véhicule légers / 2RM. De mettre en oeuvre une méthodologie de recueil (EDR de type smartphone, constitution de bases de données) et d'exploitation de données (outils cartographiques) en conformité avec les droits des conducteurs concernés (protection des données à caractère personnel

Effect of Remdesivir on Viral Dynamics in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: A Modelling Analysis of the Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label DisCoVeRy Trial

Abstract Background The antiviral efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 hospitalized patients remains controversial. Objectives To estimate the effect of remdesivir in blocking viral replication. Methods We analysed nasopharyngeal normalized viral loads from 665 hospitalized patients included in the DisCoVeRy trial (NCT 04315948; EudraCT 2020-000936-23), randomized to either standard of care (SoC) or SoC + remdesivir. We used a mathematical model to reconstruct viral kinetic profiles and estimate the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir in blocking viral replication. Additional analyses were conducted stratified on time of treatment initiation (≤q7 or &gt;7\hspace0.25emdays since symptom onset) or viral load at randomization (&lt; or ≥q3.5 log10 copies/104 cells). Results In our model, remdesivir reduced viral production by infected cells by 2-fold on average (95% CI: 1.5\textendash 3.2-fold). Model-based simulations predict that remdesivir reduced time to viral clearance by 0.7\hspace0.25emdays compared with SoC, with large inter-individual variabilities (IQR: 0.0\textendash 1.3\hspace0.25emdays). Remdesivir had a larger impact in patients with high viral load at randomization, reducing viral production by 5-fold on average (95% CI: 2.8\textendash 25-fold) and the median time to viral clearance by 2.4\hspace0.25emdays (IQR: 0.9\textendash 4.5\hspace0.25emdays). Conclusions Remdesivir halved viral production, leading to a median reduction of 0.7\hspace0.25emdays in the time to viral clearance compared with SoC. The efficacy was larger in patients with high viral load at randomization