Diversity of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in anaerobic lagoons and facultative stabilization pond used in treatment of sewage

The objective of this study was to identify the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the anaerobic lagoons and facultative stabilization pond of the Vale do Ribeira, Cajati, Sí£o Paulo, Brazil, and their correlation with physical and chemical parameters of the ponds' water. The samples were collected seasonally (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in the sub-surface, intermediate layer and sediment-water interface. We used the PCR/DGGE with pufM 557FGC and pufM 750R primers specific to the reaction center of the photosynthetic phototrophic bacteria for their identification. The amplification products were separated by electrophoresis on denaturing gradient gel. From the bands cut out and sequenced from DGGE, the identified bacteria were Rhodopseudomonas palustris (99% similarity), Chromatium sp. (92%), Thiocapsa sp. (90%), Rhodospirillum sp. (95%), Roseobacter sp. (93%) and other uncultured bacteria

Denitrification coupled with methane anoxic oxidation and microbial community involved identification

In this work, the biological denitrification associated with anoxic oxidation of methane and the microbial diversity involved were studied. Kinetic tests for nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) removal and methane uptake were carried out in 100 mL batch reactors incubated in a shaker (40 rpm) at 30 ºC. Denitrificant/methanotrophic biomass was taken from a laboratory scale reactor fed with synthetic nitrified substrates (40 mgN L-1 of NO3- and subsequently NO2-) and methane as carbon source. Results obtained from nitrate removal followed a first order reaction, presenting a kinetic apparent constant (kNO3)) of 0.0577±0.0057d-1. Two notable points of the denitrification rate (0.12gNO3--N g-1 AVS d-1 and 0.07gNO3--N g-1 AVS d-1) were observed in the beginning and on the seventh day of operation. When nitrite was added as an electron acceptor, denitrification rates were improved, presenting an apparent kinetic constant (kNO2) of 0.0722±0.0044d-1, a maximum denitrification rate of 0.6gNO2--N g-1AVS d-1, and minimum denitrification rate of 0.1gNO2--N g-1AVS d-1 at the beginning and end of the test, respectively. Endogenous material supporting denitrification and methane concentration dissolved in the substrate was discarded from the control experiments in the absence of methane and seed, respectively. Methylomonas sp. was identified in the reactors fed with nitrate and nitrite as well as uncultured bacterium.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

DEGRADAÇÃO ANAERÓBIA DE FENOL EM REATORES EM BATELADA SOB CONDIÇÕES FERMENTATIVAS

The goal of this research was to assess phenol degradation on different nutritional conditions. The reactors were carried out in a batch fed with phenol, sulfate and yeast extract, at 30+1oC, under 150 rpm agitation. The reactors fed with phenol (240 mg.l-1) and yeast extract obtained 100% degradation efficiency in 11 days. The reactors fed with phenol (234 mg.l-1), sulfate (162.5 mg.l-1) and yeast extract; and phenol (256 mg.l-1), sulfate (500 mg.l-1) and yeast extract obtained degradation efficiency of 98.8% and 99.3%, respectively, in 17 days. Such efficiencies were obtained by the addition of yeast extract in the reactors, in the beginning of the essays. The analyzes of Molecular Biology had confirmed that the present bacterial community in inoculum remained in the reactors, although to have been operated under distinct nutritional conditions. These conditions had propitiated the permanence of bacterial populations capable to degrade phenol; to leaven phenol and to use sulfate as aceptor electron end.O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a potencialidade do inóculo na degradação de fenol sob diferentes condições nutricionais. Os reatores foram alimentados em batelada com fenol, sulfato e extrato de levedura, a 30+1oC, sob agitação de 150 rpm. Os resultados das eficiências de remoção de fenol demonstraram que não houve diferença significativa entre as condições impostas no experimento. As análises do DGGE confirmaram que a comunidade microbiana presente no inóculo permaneceu nos reatores, apesar de terem sido operados sob condições distintas. Essas condições propiciaram a permanência de populações microbianas capazes de degradar fenol

Percepção do Idoso Acerca da Previsão do HIV/AIDS

Resumo: o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a percepção do idoso acerca da prevenção do HIV/AIDS. Pesquisa realizada em um centro de convivência que teve como resultado: todos os idosos receberam informações acerca da prevenção do HIV/AIDS, entretanto a maioria relata práticas sexuais sem proteção que leva-o a riscos. A pesquisa trás reflexão aos profissionais de saúde para melhor assistir o idoso frente à necessidade de prevenção do HIV/AIDS. Palavras-chave: Idoso. Prevenção. HIV/AIDS. Educação em saúde

Produção de biossurfactante por Lysinibacillus sp. e Bacillus sp. a partir de diferentes óleos como fonte de carbono

Biossurfactantes são moléculas multifuncionais produzidas por microrganismos e podem apresentar vantagens em relação aos surfactantes sintéticos, como baixa toxicidade, alta biodegradabilidade, maior redução da tensão superficial e alta diversidade química. No entanto, a produção em escala comercial ainda é escassa devido ao elevado custo dos substratos utilizados. Portanto, no presente trabalho foi avaliada a produção de biossurfactantes utilizando diferentes óleos como fonte de carbono, como óleo de soja, óleo de fritura, óleo diesel, óleo lubrificante novo e usado, a partir de dois gêneros de bactérias isoladas de lodo indústria de cosméticos e solo contaminado com óleo diesel, Lysinibacillus sp. e Bacillus sp. respectivamente. Estas foram identificadas por sequenciamento do fragmento do gene RNAr 16S e mantidas sob refrigeração a 4 ºC em tubos de ensaio, com ágar triptona de soja. Os ensaios de produção foram realizados sob agitação de 200 rpm a 30 °C com duração de 7 dias. A produção de biossurfactante foi analisada pela atividade emulsificante, índice emulsificação e por colapso da gota. As bactérias utilizadas produziram biossurfactante em todos os tipos de óleos testados. O óleo de soja mostrou-se o melhor substrato para produção de biossurfactante a partir do Lysinibacillus sp. e Bacillus sp. com índice de emulsificação de 50 % e 46,63 %, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: emulsificantes; bactérias; fontes alternativas; fermentação.

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Microbiological characterization of the removal and degradation of linear alkylbenzene (LAS) in anaerobic reactors with biofim and planctonics cells

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a degradação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado (LAS) em condições anaeróbias. Os primeiros experimentos foram realizados em reatores em batelada alimentados com diferentes substratos e concentrações de LAS. Apesar do surfactante ficar adsorvido no lodo, não foram observadas interferências no metabolismo de microrganismos anaeróbios, pois dessa forma o LAS tornou-se indisponível para a degradação celular. Reatores anaeróbios horizontais de leito fixo (RAHLF) foram avaliados quanto à remoção de LAS e inoculados com lodos anaeróbios provenientes de reatores UASB usados respectivamente no tratamento de esgoto sanitário (R1) e tratamento de dejetos suinocultura (R2) imobilizados em espuma de poliuretano. A adição de LAS não influenciou na estabilidade do reator. O LAS começou a ser degradado após 108 dias da sua adição no afluente dos reatores. Porcentagens de remoção, considerando adsorção e degradação de LAS, com 313 dias de operação foram iguais a 50% e 91% para o R1 e R2, respectivamente, quando foram alimentados com esgoto sintético e 14 mg/L de LAS (reator - R1) e somente LAS a 14 mg/L (reator - R2). Em relação ao balanço de massa de LAS, os reatores apresentaram degradações muito semelhantes, sendo 35% para o reator R1 e 34% para o reator - R2. A diversidade microbiana referente aos domínios Bacteria e Archaea e ao grupo BRS foi avaliada utilizando a técnica de PCR/DGGE. Para o domínio Archaea, foram observadas diferenças significativas nas populações quando os reatores foram alimentados com LAS. Diferenças foram observadas no domínio Bactéria e grupo das BRS, para concentrações de LAS de 14 mg/L. A alteração na diversidade microbiana pode ter ocorrido devido à seleção dos microrganismos pela presença do surfactante. A biomassa presente no final da operação foi submetida à técnica de clonagem e seqüenciamento do fragmento do RNAr 16S para o domínio Bacteria. Observou-se que os reatores que apresentaram maior número de clones relacionados ao filo Firmicutes, classe Clostridia, ordem Clostridiales. Provavelmente os microrganismos pertencentes a esse grupo estejam envolvidos com a degradação do LASThe objective of this work was to evaluate the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in anaerobic conditions. The first experiments were accomplished in reactors in batch fed with different substrates and concentration of LAS. In spite of the surfactant to be adsorbed in the sludge interferences was not observed in the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms, because in that way LAS became unavailable for the cellular degradation. Horizontal anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactors were appraised as for the removal of LAS and inoculated with coming anaerobic slugde of reactors UASB used respectively in the treatment of sanitary sewage (R1) and treatment of wastewater swine (R2) immobilized polyurethane foam. The addition of LAS didnt influence in the stability of the reactor. LAS began to be degraded after 108 days of its addition in the tributary of the reactors. Removal percentages, considering adsorption and degradation of LAS, with 313 days of operation was same to 50% and 91% for R1 and R2, respectively, when they were fed with synthetic sewage and 14 mg/L of LAS (reactor R1) and only LAS to 14 mg/L (reactor R2). In relation to the balance of mass of LAS, the reactors presented very similar degradations, being 35% for the reactor R1 and 34% for the reactor R2. The microbial diversity regarding the Bacteria and Archaea domain and to the group BRS was evaluated using the technique of PCR/DGGE. The alteration in the microbial diversity might have happened due to the selection of the microorganisms for the presence of the surfactant. The biomass present in the end of the operation was submitted the cloning technique and sequencing of the fragment of 16S rRNA for the bacteria domain. It was observed that the reactors presented larger number of clones related to the phylum Firmicutes, Clostridia, Clostridiales. Probably the microorganisms belonging to that group are involved with the degradation of LA