22,811 research outputs found
How private property protection influences the impact of intellectual property rights on economic growth: Working paper series--14-03
Although policy makers typically assume a positive relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and economic growth, the empirical evidence on the IPR-growth relationship is rather inconclusive (e.g. Andersen and Konzelmann, 2008). We conjecture in this paper that the weak IPR-growth evidence in previous studies may be due to a neglect of the role of finance markets and private property rights. Our conjecture is motivated by the recent law and finance literature. We test our conjecture with a cross-section of 98 countries and find that once we modify our measure of IPRs to take into account general property rights, there is stronger evidence for a positive relationship between IPRs and economic growth. Our findings not only help explain the IPR-innovation puzzle in Lerner (2009), among others, but also have significant theoretical as well as policy implications
The Properties of Type Ia Supernova Host Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
We investigate the properties and environments of Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia)
host galaxies in the Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova
Survey centered on the celestial equator. Host galaxies are defined as the
galaxy nearest to the supernova (SN) in terms of angular distance whose
velocity difference from the SN is less than 1000 km s^{-1}. Eighty seven SN Ia
host galaxies are selected from the SDSS Main galaxy sample with the apparent
r-band magnitude m_r < 17.77, and compared with the SDSS Main galaxies. The SN
Ia rates for early and late-type galaxies are 0.81 +- 0.19 SN (100yr)^{-1} and
0.99 +- 0.21 SN (100yr)^{-1}, respectively. We find that the host galaxies have
a color distribution consistent with that of the Main galaxies, regardless of
their morphology. However, host galaxies are on average brighter than the Main
galaxies by ~ 0.3 mag over the range of -18.3 > M_r > -21.3. But the brighter
ends of their luminosity distributions are similar. The distribution of the
distance to the nearest neighbor galaxy shows that SNe Ia are more likely to
occur in isolated galaxies without close neighbors. We also find that the SN Ia
host galaxies are preferentially located in a region close to massive galaxy
clusters compared to the Main galaxies.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication on Ap
Origin of the high piezoelectric response in PbZr(1-x)TixO3
High resolution x-ray powder diffraction measurements on poled PbZr(1-x)TixO3
(PZT) ceramic samples close to the rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary (the
so-called morphotropic phase boundary, MPB) have shown that for both
rhombohedral and tetragonal compositions, the piezoelectric elongation of the
unit cell does not occur along the polar directions but along those directions
associated with the monoclinic distortion. This work provides the first direct
evidence for the origin of the very high piezoelectricity in PZT.Comment: 4 pages, 4 EPS figures embedded. More specific title and abstract. To
appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Role of Baroclinic Processes on Flushing Characteristics in a Highly Stratified Estuarine System, Mobile Bay, Alabama
Flushing of an estuary quantifies the overall water exchange between the estuary and coastal ocean and is crucially important for water quality as well as biological and geochemical processes within the system. Flushing times and freshwater age in Mobile Bay were numerically calculated under realistic and various controlled forcing conditions. Their responses to external forcing were explained by the three‐dimensional characteristics of general circulation in the system. The flushing time ranges from 10 to 33 days under the 25th–75th percentile river discharges, nearly half of the previous estimates based on barotropic processes only, suggesting the important contribution of baroclinic processes. Their influence, quantified as the “new ocean influx,” is on the same order of the river discharge under low to moderate river discharge conditions. The baroclinic influence increases and then decreases with increasing river discharge, aligning with the response of horizontal density gradient. By enhancing the net influx from the ocean mainly through density‐driven circulation, baroclinic processes contribute to reduce flushing times. The three‐dimensional circulation, which differs greatly between the wet and dry seasons, explains the temporal and spatial variations of the flushing characteristics. Wind forcing influences the three‐dimensional circulation in the system with easterly and northerly winds tending to reduce the flushing time, while southerly and westerly winds the opposite
Construction of Product Appearance Kansei Evaluation Model Based on Online Reviews and FAHP: A Case Study of Household Portable Air Conditioners
Meeting the personalized needs of users is the key to achieving the sustainable success of a product. It depends not only on the product’s functionality but also on satisfying users’ emotional needs for the product’s appearance. Therefore, researchers have been conducting research focusing on Kansei engineering theory to determine users’ emotional needs effectively. The initial process involves accurately extracting and filtering emotional data and Kansei words from consumers. Thus, we propose an evaluation model to efficiently obtain, screen, and sort these Kansei words based on Kansei engineering, using household portable air conditioners as research subjects. By integrating techniques for online user comment mining methods, users’ Kansei terms related to the product’s appearance can be gathered efficiently. These terms are then combined with image samples and filtered to determine a final set of 16 Kansei word pairs. Subsequently, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is utilized to prioritize these terms, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method is used to validate the results and determine the applicability of the evaluation model. The results showed that Kansei words could be quickly and objectively acquired using existing text mining techniques on online reviews. Moreover, the weights of different Kansei terms of the product’s appearance in the consumer’s perception are accurately produced through the FAHP. This evaluation model marks a significant advancement in accurately obtaining users’ emotional data in Kansei engineering. It offers valuable guidance for designing products that meet users’ personalized needs, enhancing design efficiency and reducing resource wastage at the early stages of designing, and improving the sustainability development of Kansei engineering
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