Qualidade de grãos de café beneficiados em resposta à adubação potássica Potassium fertilization and the quality of processed coffee beans

O clima e o solo tem elevada influência na qualidade dos grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) beneficiado. Foram instalados dois experimentos sobre latossolo (Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico) com o objetivo de verificar a qualidade dos grãos de café beneficiados submetidos à adubação potássica em duas condições edafoclimáticas. Em ambos os locais, os experimentos foram delineados em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, utilizando-se três fontes de K: cloreto de potássio (KCl), sulfato de potássio (K2SO4) e nitrato de potássio (KNO3) nas parcelas e quatro doses de K (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1) aplicadas nas subparcelas com quatro repetições. Usou-se nos experimentos o cultivar Catuaí Vermelho no espaçamento 3,5 x 0,7 m, com uma planta por cova. As avaliações foram: atividade enzimática da polifenoloxidase, índice de coloração e açúcares totais. Os valores das características qualitativas dos grãos mostraram que a fonte KCl teve uma resposta inferior em termos de qualidade dos grãos em relação às fontes K2SO4 e KNO3. Estas últimas fontes tiveram melhor resposta quando aplicadas nas condições de São Sebastião do Paraíso do que nas de Patrocínio. Em termos de doses aplicadas, os melhores resultados para qualidade dos grãos foram obtidos com as doses de 200 kg de K ha-1 na forma de KCl e K2SO4 e 100 kg de K ha-1 na forma de KNO3.<br>Climate and soil strongly influence the quality of processed coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans. This work studied the influence of potassium fertilization on the quality of processed coffee beans grown on two Oxisols (Rhodic Acrudox and Xanthic Acrustox). Trials were set up in a completely randomized split plot block design, to test the influence of three sources and four potassium rates - potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulphate (K2SO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 0; 100; 200 and 400 kg ha-1, applied to plants of cv. Catuaí Vermelho (3.5 x 0.7 m; one plant per hole), on the enzyme activity of poliphenyloxidase, coloration index and total sugars of processed coffee beans. The quality of beans grown under K2SO4 and KNO3 fertilization was better than that of beans grown under KCl fertilization; results of K2SO4 and KNO3 fertilizations were significantly better for the Rhodic Acrudox. Best grain quality was observed for the application of 200 kg K ha-1 as KCl and K2SO4 and 100 kg K ha-1 as KNO3

Geminin Deficiency Causes a Chk1-dependent G2 Arrest in Xenopus

Geminin is an unstable inhibitor of DNA replication that gets destroyed at the metaphase/anaphase transition. The biological function of geminin has been difficult to determine because it is not homologous to a characterized protein and has pleiotropic effects when overexpressed. Geminin is thought to prevent a second round of initiation during S or G2 phase. In some assays, geminin induces uncommitted embryonic cells to differentiate as neurons. In this study, geminin was eliminated from developing Xenopus embryos by using antisense techniques. Geminin-deficient embryos show a novel and unusual phenotype: they complete the early cleavage divisions normally but arrest in G2 phase immediately after the midblastula transition. The arrest requires Chk1, the effector kinase of the DNA replication/DNA damage checkpoint pathway. The results indicate that geminin has an essential function and that loss of this function prevents entry into mitosis by a Chk1-dependent mechanism. Geminin may be required to maintain the structural integrity of the genome or it may directly down-regulate Chk1 activity. The data also show that during the embryonic cell cycles, rereplication is almost entirely prevented by geminin-independent mechanisms