CASE REPORT: MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF LUNG BULLA

Cases of malignant transformation in bullous lung disease are not infrequent, and most of these cancers turn out to be non-small cell lung cancer. However, they are often difficult to diagnose because of their uncertain appearance. Here we report a case of bullous lung disease, now presenting with an air-fluid level, in which a diagnosis of malignancy was made by ultrasound, guided fine needle aspiration cytology. Hence this possibility has to be kept in mind when a known case of bullous lung disease presents with worsening symptoms or new radiological shadows which is often treated as a secondary infection of a preexisting bulla. Keywords: Malignant transformation, Bullous lung disease

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ABOUT SATISFACTION MEASURES IN AN ELECTRONIC ERA: GAP SCORES VS. SATISFACTION-ONLY MEASURES?

This study examined the nature of the relationships between customer e-service attributes and overall satisfaction. In particular, gap scores versus satisfaction-only measures were utilized to determine better predictor of overall satisfaction. Results identified that satisfaction-only measures explained significantly larger proportions of the variance in overall satisfaction (62.1% vs. 48.2%). Furthermore, satisfaction-only measures were significantly better indicators on overall satisfaction using Fisher’s Zscore

China Financial Research: A Review and Synthesis

We review the financial research on China as a transitional economy over the past fifteen years or so. This review sheds light on several important issues that are pertinent for an emerging financial market - how regulation can affect the prices of different financial assets; how and why markets are segmented; corporate governance effects between major and minor shareholders in an emerging market; the importance of a bank-based financial system; interactions between the financial market and the goods market; how market participants can complete the market; and how an emerging financial market emulates established markets and evolves over time. Many unexplored financial issues remain unexplored, and more research is warranted into, what theories are at work, and what are missing

Multi-serotype pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in vaccine naïve Nepalese children, assessed using molecular serotyping.

Invasive pneumococcal disease is one of the major causes of death in young children in resource poor countries. Nasopharyngeal carriage studies provide insight into the local prevalence of circulating pneumococcal serotypes. There are very few data on the concurrent carriage of multiple pneumococcal serotypes. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and serotype distribution of pneumococci carried in the nasopharynx of young healthy Nepalese children prior to the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine using a microarray-based molecular serotyping method capable of detecting multi-serotype carriage. We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthy children aged 6 weeks to 24 months from the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal between May and October 2012. Nasopharyngeal swabs were frozen and subsequently plated on selective culture media. DNA extracts of plate sweeps of pneumococcal colonies from these cultures were analysed using a molecular serotyping microarray capable of detecting relative abundance of multiple pneumococcal serotypes. 600 children were enrolled into the study: 199 aged 6 weeks to <6 months, 202 aged 6 months to < 12 months, and 199 aged 12 month to 24 months. Typeable pneumococci were identified in 297/600 (49.5%) of samples with more than one serotype being found in 67/297 (20.2%) of these samples. The serotypes covered by the thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were identified in 44.4% of samples containing typeable pneumococci. Application of a molecular serotyping approach to identification of multiple pneumococcal carriage demonstrates a substantial prevalence of co-colonisation. Continued surveillance utilising this approach following the introduction of routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccinates in infants will provide a more accurate understanding of vaccine efficacy against carriage and a better understanding of the dynamics of subsequent serotype and genotype replacement

Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Tolterodine Tartrate Tablets by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC)

Tolterodine tartrate, is a new, potent and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist in clinical development for the treatment of urge incontinence and other symptoms of unstable bladder. The purpose of this study is to formulation and invitro evaluation of Tolterodine tartrate by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). A simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and evaluated for invitro formulation of Tolterodine tartrate Tablets. Tablets were analysed by measuring different parameters: lubricated granules content of Tolterodine tartrate having bulk density, tap densities and angle of r content uniformity, assay and related substances. Separation of Tolterodine tartrate was achieved within a single chromatographic run on 5µm 4.6x250mm with UV detection at 280 nm, under isocratic conditions, using Acetonitrile and A mixture of 65 volumes of buffer solution prepared by mixing 2.2 ml of orthophosphoric acid to 1000 ml with water, adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethylamine in 35:65 ratio with a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. From the results, it was clear that designed formulations among f7 displayed drug release in the range of 55.66% to 102.067% in 10 min, which showed improved invitro dissolution rate compared to other formulations as well as others parameters were found to be good as compared to other formulations. Similarly, the average content of formulation f7 was found to be 104.58% and Related substances should comply the test. Assays of f7 were found to be 96.04%, the limit is 90% - 110% of the label claim having weight variation range from&nbsp; 82.50 mg-91.50 mg. epose And flim coated Tolterodine tartrate tablets having friability, thickness, hardness, weight variation, invitro dissolution

UV Spectrophotometric Determination of Luliconazole Semisolid Dosage Form

Luliconazole mostly prescribed drug for the management of superficial problems, the very simple, Fast, accurate and economical methods have been proposed for the determination of Luliconazole cream. Luliconazole &nbsp;was measured by using Uv spectroscopy method with the solution of mrthanol and purified water the linearity was found to be 0.9987 and the accuracy showed mean % RSD of 0.921776 and with total meam % RSD 1.10130 in intermediate precision, robustness %RSD 0.543539 all the paranmeters values were within standard limit thus Analytical method was validated according to ICH guideline for the determination of Luliconazole cream. The method was found to be precise and validated as per ICH guidelines

“Estimation and Validation of Methylcobalamin in Tablet Dosage form using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method”

An ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for quantitavie determination of Methylcobalamin (Mecobalamin) in tablet dosage form. Methylcobalamin is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin B12 and used to prevent or treat pathology arising from a lack of vitamin B12 , such as pernicious anemia and is also used in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy ans as a preliminary treatment for amyotrophic latera sclerosis. The very simple, Fast, accurate and economical methods have been proposed for the determination of Mecobalamin. Mecobalamin was measured by using Uv spectroscopy method with the solution of methanol, the linearity was found to be 0.9981 and the accuracy showed mean % RSD of 0.791694 and with total meam % RSD 0.97923 in intermediate precision, range %RSD 0.652005 all the parameters values were within standard limit thus Analytical method was validated according to ICH guideline for the determination of Methylcobalamin. The method was found to be precise and validated as per ICH guidelines

Formulation and Comparative in-vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets of Furosemide

This study was conducted to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablet of Frusemide. A Mucoadhesive buccal tablet of Frusemide were prepared by using wet granulation method using dfferent polymer such as HPMC k 100, Carbopol-940 in different ratio. Tablets were analysed by measuring different parameters thickness, hardness weight uniformity, drug content uniformity, LOD, sweeling index, invitro dissolution study and solubility. The tablets were evaluated for in vitro release in pH 6.8-phosphate buffer for 12 hr in standard dissolution apparatus. Mucoadhesion strength was increased with increase in the concentration of carbopol. In order to determine the mode of release, the data was subjected to Zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas diffusion model

Formulation & Evaluation of Fluconazole Gel for Topical Drug Delivery System

Fluconazole is a recent triazole antifungal drug that is used in the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infection. The oral use of fluconazole is not much recommended as it has many side effects. Thus this formulation is made for better patient compliance and to reduce the dose of the drug and to avoid the side effects like liver damage and kidney damage. This research was designed to formulate &amp; evaluate different formulation of a topical gel containing fluconazole by using a polymer with different concentration as Carbopol 940 &amp; NaCMC. Methanol was used as a penetration enhancer. The evaluation of formulated fluconazole topical gel was carried out for a physical appearance, pH-value, spreadability, homogeneity, drug content. The formulated gel showed good physical characteristics. The formulation F3 (101.18%) &amp; F6 (105.4%) show good drug content as the polymer concentration in them was higher. The percentage yield of F4 (98.26%) was the highest. The spreadability of gel decreases with an increase in polymer concentration. The pH of the formulation was in the range of 5-8 which is considered acceptable to avoid the risk of irritation upon application to the skin