An Adaptive Design Methodology for Reduction of Product Development Risk

Embedded systems interaction with environment inherently complicates understanding of requirements and their correct implementation. However, product uncertainty is highest during early stages of development. Design verification is an essential step in the development of any system, especially for Embedded System. This paper introduces a novel adaptive design methodology, which incorporates step-wise prototyping and verification. With each adaptive step product-realization level is enhanced while decreasing the level of product uncertainty, thereby reducing the overall costs. The back-bone of this frame-work is the development of Domain Specific Operational (DOP) Model and the associated Verification Instrumentation for Test and Evaluation, developed based on the DOP model. Together they generate functionally valid test-sequence for carrying out prototype evaluation. With the help of a case study 'Multimode Detection Subsystem' the application of this method is sketched. The design methodologies can be compared by defining and computing a generic performance criterion like Average design-cycle Risk. For the case study, by computing Average design-cycle Risk, it is shown that the adaptive method reduces the product development risk for a small increase in the total design cycle time.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure

fMRI Investigation of Cortical and Subcortical Networks in the Learning of Abstract and Effector-Specific Representations of Motor Sequences

A visuomotor sequence can be learned as a series of visuo-spatial cues or as a sequence of effector movements. Earlier imaging studies have revealed that a network of brain areas is activated in the course of motor sequence learning. However these studies do not address the question of the type of representation being established at various stages of visuomotor sequence learning. In an earlier behavioral study, we demonstrated that acquisition of visuo-spatial sequence representation enables rapid learning in the early stage and progressive establishment of somato-motor representation helps speedier execution by the late stage. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments wherein subjects learned and practiced the same sequence alternately in normal and rotated settings. In one rotated setting (visual), subjects learned a new motor sequence in response to an identical sequence of visual cues as in normal. In another rotated setting (motor), the display sequence was altered as compared to normal, but the same sequence of effector movements were used to perform the sequence. Comparison of different rotated settings revealed analogous transitions both in the cortical and subcortical sites during visuomotor sequence learning  a transition of activity from parietal to parietal-premotor and then to premotor cortex and a concomitant shift was observed from anterior putamen to a combined activity in both anterior and posterior putamen and finally to posterior putamen. These results suggest a putative role for engagement of different cortical and subcortical networks at various stages of learning in supporting distinct sequence representations

Muga Silk Industry of Assam in Historical Perspectives

The muga silk industry of Assam has been in existence since time immemorial In Assam muga silk weaving is an ancient craft though there is no definite and precise mention of the time of its origin Due to lack of definite and authentic contemporary historical accounts different Scholars have drawn different opinions and conclusions regarding the origin of muga culture Ahom regime 1228-1828 can be considered as the golden period for muga culture of Assam which prospered and thrived and had become a part of social and economic life of the Assamese people Due to immense co-operation and initiative from Ahom kings the rearers reelers weavers became skillful and the industry grew rapidly An attempt has been made to study the historical perspectives of muga silk industry in Assam and its present statu

Handloom Weaving in Assam: Problems and Prospects

The Handloom sector plays a very important role in India s economy It is a part of our culture and heritage and one of the largest economic activities after agriculture having the capacity of absorbing a greater number of manpower In 2009-101 this sector provides direct employment to over 65 lakhs persons in India of which 60 40 are women This sector contributes nearly 19 of the total cloth produced in the country and also adds substantially to export earnings The ratio of handloom to power loom in terms of cloth in 2009-10 was 1 5 5

A Conceptual study of Mutrashmari w.s.r to Vataja Mutrashmari

The Mutrashmari is one of the diseases of Mutravaha Srotas. Acharya Sushruta has considered its one among the Astamahagada since it is very difficult to cure. The Lakshanas of Mutrashmari explained in Ayurvedic texts resembles the signs and symptoms of Urolithiasis. The Mutrashmari is classified into 4 types they are Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Shukraja. The Vataja Mutrashmari is having charecterstics such as Shyavavarna, Parush, Khara and Vishama and hard studded with thorns like Kadamba Pushpa, On the basis of color and structure it can be correlated with Calcium oxalate calculi. Incidents of Mutrashmari have been more frequently increased in these days due to various reasons like altered food habits, changed lifestyle, stress, strain etc. Calcium stones are the most common comprising about 75% of all urinary calculi, in which Calcium oxalate calculi comprise about 50%. In Ayurveda, Nidana Parivarjana and Samprapti Vighatana are one among the parameter in planning the Chikitsasutra. This article is mainly focused on Nidana Panchaka of Mutrashmari with special reference to Vataja Mutrashmari which may help in accurate diagnosis and treatment

A Novel IP Traceback Scheme for Spoofing Attack

Internet has been widely applied in various fields, more and more network security issues emerge and catch people\u27s attention. However, adversaries often hide themselves by spoofing their own IP addresses and then launch attacks. For this reason, researchers have proposed a lot of trace back schemes to trace the source of these attacks. Some use only one packet in their packet logging schemes to achieve IP tracking. Others combine packet marking with packet logging and therefore create hybrid IP trace back schemes demanding less storage but requiring a longer search. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid IP trace back scheme with efficient packet logging aiming to have a fixed storage requirement for each router in packet logging without the need to refresh the logged tracking information and to achieve zero false positive and false negative rates in attack-path reconstruction

Enhancement of Confidentiality of Data Transmitted over Covert Channel Using Grid Cipher Scheme

In this fast developing world, the interchange of information is playing a key role. Everything needs information and processes them. This interchange of information needs an authentication, confidentiality and integrity. The security of information is provided many algorithms. There are vast numbers of algorithms for symmetry key cipher. All these algorithms have used either complicated keys to encrypt the plain text to cipher text or a complicated algorithms used for it. The level of security of algorithms is dependent on either number of iterations or length of keys. A comparative study have been made with RSA, DES, IDEA, BAM and other algorithms with frequency distribution, bit ratio to check the security level of proposed algorithm. Finally, a comparison has been made for time complexity for encryption of plain text and decryption from cipher text with above existing algorithms