The Use of YouTube as a Tourism Marketing Tool

YouTube started as a social media tool, but is now evolving into a marketing communications tool. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of YouTube as a tourism-marketing tool from the viewpoint of tourism organizations and tourists. Developing its theoretical base from the perspective on how tourists recognize images, a review of 320 European tourism videos on YouTube concluded that many organizations failed to understand that media produced for traditional marketing outlets (TV, cinema) cannot be transferred directly to YouTube. The study also highlighted the growing power of the individual consumer in tourism marketing, as reflected in the dominance of tourism videos produced by real tourists rather than by official tourism organizations. The study concluded that while YouTube was useful as a promotional/ communications tool, more research is required to understand how the YouTube generation filter, select and use tourism information in their trip planning

Discipline School's Influence to Do Not Bring Cam Handphone Towards Freshment Learns of Student in Junior High School 7 at Kotabumi

DISCIPLINE SCHOOL'S INFLUENCE TO DO NOT BRING CAM HANDPHONE TOWARDS FRESHMENT LEARNS OF STUDENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7 AT KOTABUMI Alex Lendro Juniarto, Adelina Hasyim, Zulyaden Abdulhay ABSTRACT The aimed of this research was to explain how the influence of upright discipline school to do not bring cam handphone toward freshmen learns of student class VII-VIII in Junior High School 7 at Kotabumi on 2011/2012. Method used descriptive method with sample as many as 35 respondents. The main data collecting technique used inquiry. Based on data analyses got result that there upright discipline school to do not bring cam handphone toward freshmen learns of student class VII-VIII in Junior High School 7 at Kotabumi. It proved by Chi Quadrate formulation x2 account was higher than x2 table (x2 account ≥ x2 table) as big as 15,96 ≥ 9,94. Then did comparison between C and Cmax, with result 0,69 and it belonged to high categories based on Sugiyono

Mangarara Formation: exhumed remnants of a middle Miocene, temperate carbonate, submarine channel-fan system on the eastern margin of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

The middle Miocene Mangarara Formation is a thin (1–60 m), laterally discontinuous unit of moderately to highly calcareous (40–90%) facies of sandy to pure limestone, bioclastic sandstone, and conglomerate that crops out in a few valleys in North Taranaki across the transition from King Country Basin into offshore Taranaki Basin. The unit occurs within hemipelagic (slope) mudstone of Manganui Formation, is stratigraphically associated with redeposited sandstone of Moki Formation, and is overlain by redeposited volcaniclastic sandstone of Mohakatino Formation. The calcareous facies of the Mangarara Formation are interpreted to be mainly mass-emplaced deposits having channelised and sheet-like geometries, sedimentary structures supportive of redeposition, mixed environment fossil associations, and stratigraphic enclosure within bathyal mudrocks and flysch. The carbonate component of the deposits consists mainly of bivalves, larger benthic foraminifers (especially Amphistegina), coralline red algae including rhodoliths (Lithothamnion and Mesophyllum), and bryozoans, a warm-temperate, shallow marine skeletal association. While sediment derivation was partly from an eastern contemporary shelf, the bulk of the skeletal carbonate is inferred to have been sourced from shoal carbonate factories around and upon isolated basement highs (Patea-Tongaporutu High) to the south. The Mangarara sediments were redeposited within slope gullies and broad open submarine channels and lobes in the vicinity of the channel-lobe transition zone of a submarine fan system. Different phases of sediment transport and deposition (lateral-accretion and aggradation stages) are identified in the channel infilling. Dual fan systems likely co-existed, one dominating and predominantly siliciclastic in nature (Moki Formation), and the other infrequent and involving the temperate calcareous deposits of Mangarara Formation. The Mangarara Formation is an outcrop analogue for middle Miocene-age carbonate slope-fan deposits elsewhere in subsurface Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

DISCIPLINE SCHOOL’S INFLUENCE TO DO NOT BRING CAM HANDPHONE TOWARDS FRESHMENT LEARNS OF STUDENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7 AT KOTABUMI

DISCIPLINE SCHOOL’S INFLUENCE TO DO NOT BRING CAM HANDPHONE TOWARDS FRESHMENT LEARNS  OF STUDENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7  AT KOTABUMI  Alex Lendro Juniarto, Adelina Hasyim, Zulyaden Abdulhay   ABSTRACT   The aimed of this research was to explain how the influence of upright discipline school  to  do  not  bring  cam  handphone  toward  freshmen  learns  of  student  class VII-VIII  in  Junior  High  School  7  at  Kotabumi  on  2011/2012.  Method  used descriptive  method  with  sample  as  many  as  35  respondents.  The  main  data collecting technique used inquiry.  Based  on  data  analyses  got  result  that  there  upright  discipline  school  to  do  not bring cam handphone toward freshmen learns of student class VII-VIII in Junior High  School  7  at  Kotabumi.  It  proved  by  Chi  Quadrate  formulation  x2 account was higher than x2 table (x2 account ≥ x2 table) as big  as 15,96 ≥ 9,94. Then did comparison  between  C  and  Cmax,  with  result  0,69  and  it  belonged  to  high categories based on Sugiyono.  Key Word: Influence, Discipline, Handphone, Freshmen Learn

DISCIPLINE SCHOOL’S INFLUENCE TO DO NOT BRING CAM HANDPHONE TOWARDS FRESHMENT LEARNS OF STUDENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7 AT KOTABUMI

DISCIPLINE SCHOOL’S INFLUENCE TO DO NOT BRING CAM HANDPHONE TOWARDS FRESHMENT LEARNS  OF STUDENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7  AT KOTABUMI  Alex Lendro Juniarto, Adelina Hasyim, Zulyaden Abdulhay   ABSTRACT   The aimed of this research was to explain how the influence of upright discipline school  to  do  not  bring  cam  handphone  toward  freshmen  learns  of  student  class VII-VIII  in  Junior  High  School  7  at  Kotabumi  on  2011/2012.  Method  used descriptive  method  with  sample  as  many  as  35  respondents.  The  main  data collecting technique used inquiry.  Based  on  data  analyses  got  result  that  there  upright  discipline  school  to  do  not bring cam handphone toward freshmen learns of student class VII-VIII in Junior High  School  7  at  Kotabumi.  It  proved  by  Chi  Quadrate  formulation  x2 account was higher than x2 table (x2 account ≥ x2 table) as big  as 15,96 ≥ 9,94. Then did comparison  between  C  and  Cmax,  with  result  0,69  and  it  belonged  to  high categories based on Sugiyono.  Key Word: Influence, Discipline, Handphone, Freshmen Learn

High-levelexpression of functional recombinant human coagulation factor VII in insect cells

Abstract: Recombinant coagulation factor VII (FVII) is used as a potential therapeutic intervention in hemophilia patients who produce antibodies against the coagulation factors. Mammalian cell lines provide low levels of expression, however, the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line and baculovirus expression system are powerful systems for high-level expression of recombinant proteins, but due to the lack of endogenous vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, expression of functional FVII using this system is impossible. In the present study, we report a simple but versatile method to overcome the defect for high-level expression of the functional recombinant coagulation FVII in Sf9 cells. This method involves simultaneous expression of both human γ-carboxylase (hGC) and human FVII genes in the host. It may be possible to express other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors using this method in the future. Keywords: Baculovirus; γ-carboxylase; Coagulation FVII; Factor VII; Insect cel

Multiple reassortment events in the evolutionary history of H1N1 influenza A virus since 1918

The H1N1 subtype of influenza A virus has caused substantial morbidity and mortality in humans, first documented in the global pandemic of 1918 and continuing to the present day. Despite this disease burden, the evolutionary history of the A/H1N1 virus is not well understood, particularly whether there is a virological basis for several notable epidemics of unusual severity in the 1940s and 1950s. Using a data set of 71 representative complete genome sequences sampled between 1918 and 2006, we show that segmental reassortment has played an important role in the genomic evolution of A/H1N1 since 1918. Specifically, we demonstrate that an A/H1N1 isolate from the 1947 epidemic acquired novel PB2 and HA genes through intra-subtype reassortment, which may explain the abrupt antigenic evolution of this virus. Similarly, the 1951 influenza epidemic may also have been associated with reassortant A/H1N1 viruses. Intra-subtype reassortment therefore appears to be a more important process in the evolution and epidemiology of H1N1 influenza A virus than previously realized

Spatial Patterns in Herbivory on a Coral Reef Are Influenced by Structural Complexity but Not by Algal Traits

Background: Patterns of herbivory can alter the spatial structure of ecosystems, with important consequences for ecosystem functions and biodiversity. While the factors that drive spatial patterns in herbivory in terrestrial systems are well established, comparatively less is known about what influences the distribution of herbivory in coral reefs. Methodology and Principal Findings: We quantified spatial patterns of macroalgal consumption in a cross-section of Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia). We used a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches to assess the influence of multiple macroalgal traits and structural complexity in establishing the observed spatial patterns in macroalgal herbivory, and to identify potential feedback mechanisms between herbivory and macroalgal nutritional quality. Spatial patterns in macroalgal consumption were best explained by differences in structural complexity among habitats. The biomass of herbivorous fish, and rates of herbivory were always greater in the structurally-complex coral-dominated outer reef and reef flat habitats, which were also characterised by high biomass of herbivorous fish, low cover and biomass of macroalgae and the presence of unpalatable algae species. Macroalgal consumption decreased to undetectable levels within 75 m of structurally-complex reef habitat, and algae were most abundant in the structurally-simple lagoon habitats, which were also characterised by the presence of the most palatable algae species. In contrast to terrestrial ecosystems, herbivory patterns were not influenced by the distribution, productivity or nutritional quality of resources (macroalgae), and we found no evidence of a positive feedback between macroalgal consumption and the nitrogen content of algae. Significance: This study highlights the importance of seascape-scale patterns in structural complexity in determining spatial patterns of macroalgal consumption by fish. Given the importance of herbivory in maintaining the ability of coral reefs to reorganise and retain ecosystem functions following disturbance, structural complexity emerges as a critical feature that is essential for the healthy functioning of these ecosystems

An allosteric role for receptor activity-modifying proteins in defining GPCR pharmacology

G protein-coupled receptors are allosteric proteins that control transmission of external signals to regulate cellular response. Although agonist binding promotes canonical G protein signalling transmitted through conformational changes, G protein-coupled receptors also interact with other proteins. These include other G protein-coupled receptors, other receptors and channels, regulatory proteins and receptor-modifying proteins, notably receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs have at least 11 G protein-coupled receptor partners, including many class B G protein-coupled receptors. Prototypic is the calcitonin receptor, with altered ligand specificity when co-expressed with RAMPs. To gain molecular insight into the consequences of this protein–protein interaction, we combined molecular modelling with mutagenesis of the calcitonin receptor extracellular domain, assessed in ligand binding and functional assays. Although some calcitonin receptor residues are universally important for peptide interactions (calcitonin, amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide) in calcitonin receptor alone or with receptor activity-modifying protein, others have RAMP-dependent effects, whereby mutations decreased amylin/calcitonin gene-related peptide potency substantially only when RAMP was present. Remarkably, the key residues were completely conserved between calcitonin receptor and AMY receptors, and between subtypes of AMY receptor that have different ligand preferences. Mutations at the interface between calcitonin receptor and RAMP affected ligand pharmacology in a RAMP-dependent manner, suggesting that RAMP may allosterically influence the calcitonin receptor conformation. Supporting this, molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the calcitonin receptor extracellular N-terminal domain is more flexible in the presence of receptor activity-modifying protein 1. Thus, RAMPs may act in an allosteric manner to generate a spectrum of unique calcitonin receptor conformational states, explaining the pharmacological preferences of calcitonin receptor-RAMP complexes. This provides novel insight into our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor-protein interaction that is likely broadly applicable for this receptor class