A IMPORTÂNCIA DO FARMACÊUTICO NO PRÉ E PÓS-OPERATÓRIO DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA

pacientes com obesidade mórbida. A primeira cirurgia bariátrica a ser realizada para o tratamento de obesidade foi realizada em 1954, por Kremen. Pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica são acompanhados por equipe multidisciplinar para auxiliar e motivar o tratamento bariátrico. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a importância do papel do farmacêutico no tratamento pré e pós-operatório de pacientes, as formas farmacêuticas utilizadas, principais deficiências nutricionais, e relatos dos pacientes juntamente com suas expectativas e dificuldades. A presente pesquisa é classificada como exploratória, do tipo qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada através de questionário entregue a vinte pacientes de ambos os sexos, entre os meses de fevereiro a maio de 2017, em uma rede de farmácia de Telêmaco Borba-PR. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e agrupados no Microsoft Excel®. Todos os pacientes estavam com o IMC elevado, principal critério para intervenção cirúrgica. As principais técnicas em cirurgia bariátrica foram bypass gástrica em Y de Roux e sleeve. A cirurgia bariátrica tem apresentado grande melhora na obesidade e principalmente na autoestima de pacientes, mas ainda existem dificuldades. O farmacêutico é o profissional habilitado e capacitado para esclarecer qualquer dúvida em relação aos medicamentos, seus efeitos colaterais e demais orientações sobre a cirurgia, devendo estar sempre presente no pré e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

Integrated approach for selecting efficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae for industrial lignocellulosic fermentations: importance of yeast chassis linked to process conditions

In this work, four robust yeast chassis isolated from industrial environments were engineered with the same xylose metabolic pathway. The recombinant strains were physiologically characterized in synthetic xylose and xylose-glucose medium, on non-detoxified hemicellulosic hydrolysates of fast-growing hardwoods (Eucalyptus and Paulownia) and agricultural residues (corn cob and wheat straw) and on Eucalyptus hydrolysate at different temperatures. Results show that the co-consumption of xylose-glucose was dependent on the yeast background. Moreover, heterogeneous results were obtained among different hydrolysates and temperatures for each individual strain pointing to the importance of designing from the very beginning a tailor-made yeast considering the specific raw material and process.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Strategic Project of UID/BIO/04469/2013 CEB Unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte

Biomaterials as Tendon and Ligament Substitutes: Current Developments

Tendon and ligament have specialized dynamic microenvironment characterized by a complex hierarchical extracellular matrix essential for tissue functionality, and responsible to be an instructive niche for resident cells. Among musculoskeletal diseases, tendon/ligament injuries often result in pain, substantial tissue morbidity, and disability, affecting athletes, active working people and elder population. This represents not only a major healthcare problem but it implies considerable social and economic hurdles. Current treatments are based on the replacement and/or augmentation of the damaged tissue with severe associated limitations. Thus, it is evident the clinical challenge and emergent need to recreate native tissue features and regenerate damaged tissues. In this context, the design and development of anisotropic bioengineered systems with potential to recapitulate the hierarchical architecture and organization of tendons and ligaments from nano to macro scale will be discussed in this chapter. Special attention will be given to the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques, namely spinning and electrochemical alignment techniques to address the demanding requirements for tendon substitutes, particularly concerning the importance of biomechanical and structural cues of these tissues. Moreover, the poor innate regeneration ability related to the low cellularity and vascularization of tendons and ligaments also anticipates the importance of cell based strategies, particularly on the stem cells role for the success of tissue engineered therapies. In summary, this chapter provides a general overview on tendon and ligaments physiology and current conventional treatments for injuries caused by trauma and/or disease. Moreover, this chapter presents tissue engineering approaches as an alternative to overcome the limitations of current therapies, focusing on the discussion about scaffolds design for tissue substitutes to meet the regenerative medicine challenges towards the functional restoration of damaged or degenerated tendon and ligament tissues.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the post-doctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/111729/2015) and for the projects Recognize (UTAP-ICDT/CTM-BIO/0023/2014) and POC I-01-0145-FEDER-007

Does genetic differentiation underlie behavioral divergence in response to migration barriers in sticklebacks?:A common garden experiment

Water management measures in the 1970s in the Netherlands have produced a large number of “resident” populations of three-spined sticklebacks that are no longer able to migrate to the sea. This may be viewed as a replicated field experiment, allowing us to study how the resident populations are coping with human-induced barriers to migration. We have previously shown that residents are smaller, bolder, more exploratory, more active, and more aggressive and exhibited lower shoaling and lower migratory tendencies compared to their ancestral “migrant” counterparts. However, it is not clear if these differences in wild-caught residents and migrants reflect genetic differentiation, rather than different developmental conditions. To investigate this, we raised offspring of four crosses (migrant ♂ × migrant ♀, resident ♂ × resident ♀, migrant ♂ × resident ♀, resident ♂ × migrant ♀) under similar controlled conditions and tested for differences in morphology and behavior as adults. We found that lab-raised resident sticklebacks exhibited lower shoaling and migratory tendencies as compared to lab-raised migrants, retaining the differences in their wild-caught parents. This indicates genetic differentiation of these traits. For all other traits, the lab-raised sticklebacks of the various crosses did not differ significantly, suggesting that the earlier-found contrast between wild-caught fish reflects differences in their environment. Our study shows that barriers to migration can lead to rapid differentiation in behavioral tendencies over contemporary timescales (~ 50 generations) and that part of these differences reflects genetic differentiation

Antony and Cleopatra

Analysis done 199

Fluvial carbon export from a lowland Amazonian rainforest in relation to atmospheric fluxes

We constructed a whole carbon budget for a catchment in the Western Amazon Basin, combining drainage water analyses with eddy covariance measured terrestrial CO2 fluxes. As fluvial C export can represent permanent C export it must be included in assessments of whole site C balance, but is rarely done. The footprint area of the flux tower is drained by two small streams (~5-7 km2) from which we measured the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) export and CO2 efflux. The EC measurements showed the site C balance to be +0.7 ± 9.7 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 (a source to the atmosphere) and fluvial export was 0.3 ± 0.04 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. Of the total fluvial loss 34% was DIC, 37% DOC and 29% POC. The wet season was most important for fluvial C export. There was a large uncertainty associated with the EC results and with previous biomass plot studies (-0.5 ± 4.1 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), hence it cannot be concluded with certainty whether the site is C sink or source. The fluvial export corresponds to only 3-7 % of the uncertainty related to the site C balance, thus other factors need to be considered to reduce the uncertainty and refine the estimated C balance. However, stream C export is significant, especially for almost neutral sites where fluvial loss may determine the direction of the site C balance. The fate of C downstream then dictates the overall climate impact of fluvial export

Diversidade nucleotídica de genes envolvidos na biossíntese de ácidos clorogênicos de cafeeiros.

Os ácidos clorogênicos (CGAs) são compostos químicos importantes de Coffea spp. para a qualidade da bebida, pois eles interferem na adstringência e podem alterar o aroma e sabor da bebida. Aproximadamente 310.000 ESTs de Coffea estão disponíveis e possibilitam o acesso à variabilidade nucleotídica da planta e o desenvolvimento de marcadores moleculares ligados à qualidade da bebida para as principais enzimas da via de biossíntese dos CGAs: PAL, C4H, 4CL, CQT e C3?H. Neste trabalho foram detectados polimorfismos dos tipos SNP, INDEL ou SSR dentro das sequências nucleotídidicas disponíveis no Projeto Genoma Café e no NCBI. As sequências de ESTs de CGAs foram clusterizadas pelo programa Codon Code Aligner, assim como a detecção de polimorfismos e validação dos mesmos (qualidade de cromatograma). Foram identificadas seis isoformas para PAL, uma para C4H, seis para 4CL, duas para CQT e duas para C3?H. Os contigs formados apresentaram um total de 248 polimorfismos (236 SNPs e 12 INDELs), sendo 201 na região codante (127 não sinônimos e 74 sinônimos). A frequência dos polimorfismos foi maior nas regiões UTRs (1pol/54pb), em relação à codante (1pol/81pb). A análise das sequências de C. arabica permitiu a identificação de 2 subgrupos diferentes de sequências, referentes aos seus genomas ancestrais (C. canephora e C. eugenioides). Foi observada a presença de 67,4% dos polimorfismos entre os grupos ancestrais e 32,6% dentro dos grupos em C. arabica. Esses resultados vêm permitindo definir genes tanto para estudos de expressão de homeólogos de CGAs como para o desenvolvimento de marcadores moleculares para o mapeamento genético

Proteína BimA como candidata a antígeno para diagnóstico diferencial entre infecções de equinos por Burkholderia mallei e B. pseudomallei.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar proteínas-alvo para diagnóstico diferencial por meio de análise in silico.Fernando Flores Cardoso, editor técnico