Interactomic analysis of REST/NRSF and implications of its functional links with the transcription suppressor TRIM28 during neuronal differentiation

RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates gene expression by binding to repressor element 1. However, despite its critical function in physiology, little is known about its interaction proteins. Here we identified 204 REST-interacting proteins using affinity purification and mass spectrometry. The interactome included proteins associated with mRNA processing/splicing, chromatin organization, and transcription. The interactions of these REST-interacting proteins, which included TRIM28, were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that neuronal differentiation-related GO terms were enriched among target genes that were co-regulated by REST and TRIM28, while the level of CTNND2 was increased by the knockdown of REST and TRIM28. Consistently, the level of CTNND2 increased while those of REST and TRIM28 decreased during neuronal differentiation in the primary neurons, suggesting that CTNND2 expression may be coregulated by both. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth was increased by depletion of REST or TRIM28, implying that reduction of both REST and TRIM28 could promote neuronal differentiation via induction of CTNND2 expression. In conclusion, our study of REST reveals novel interacting proteins which could be a valuable resource for investigating unidentified functions of REST and also suggested functional links between REST and TRIM28 during neuronal development.1121Ysciescopu

Full-scale collapse testing of a steel stiffened plate structure under axial-compressive loading at a temperature of −80°C

The aim of the paper was to develop a test database of the ultimate strength characteristics of full-scale steel stiffened plate structures under axial compressive loading at a temperature of −80°C. This paper is a sequel to the authors’ articles (Paik et al. 2020a, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.05.026 and Paik et al. 2020b, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2020.1787930). In contrast to the earlier articles associated with room temperature or cryogenic condition, this paper investigated the effect of a low temperature at −80°C which is within the boundary range of temperature of the ductile-to-brittle fracture transition for carbon steels. A material model representing the test conditions was also proposed to capture the characteristics of carbon steels at low temperatures both in tension and in compression, and it was used in finite element method simulations of the full-scale experiment. A comparison between numerical analyses and experiments showed that the proposed model could successfully predict the failure modes and ultimate strength characteristics at low temperatures for stiffened plate structures under axial compressive loading conditions

Cdk5 Phosphorylates Dopamine D2 Receptor and Attenuates Downstream Signaling

The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is a key receptor that mediates dopamine-associated brain functions such as mood, reward, and emotion. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase whose function has been implicated in the brain reward circuit. In this study, we revealed that the serine 321 residue (S321) in the third intracellular loop of DRD2 (D2i3) is a novel regulatory site of Cdk5. Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of S321 in the D2i3 was observed in in vitro and cell culture systems. We further observed that the phosphorylation of S321 impaired the agonist-stimulated surface expression of DRD2 and decreased G protein coupling to DRD2. Moreover, the downstream cAMP pathway was affected in the heterologous system and in primary neuronal cultures from p35 knockout embryos likely due to the reduced inhibitory activity of DRD2. These results indicate that Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of S321 inhibits DRD2 function, providing a novel regulatory mechanism for dopamine signaling.X111111sciescopu

A practical diagram to determine the residual longitudinal strength of grounded ship in Northern Sea Route

In this study, a useful solution is proposed for assessing the safety of the ship’s hull damaged by grounding in Northern Sea Route (NSR) or Arctic sea. In particular, the residual ultimate longitudinal strength of grounding damaged ship can be predicted by the grounding damage index (GDI) concept. Due to the global warming effects, the Arctic glaciers have been gradually melting, and it may bring us the new North Pole routes. However, there are uncertainties on many causes that can lead to grounding accident of the commercial vessels. In this regard, residual ultimate longitudinal strength of grounding damaged commercial ship in Arctic sea is investigated. Five (5) temperatures: room temperature (RT), −20°C, −40°C, −60°C and −80°C were adopted to consider the cold temperature effect in NSR. The Panamax class oil tanker was selected for the investigation of residual ultimate longitudinal strength of grounding damaged ship. Fifty (50) reliable damage scenarios were adopted for the evaluation of structural health by utilising Residual strength versus GDI (R-D) diagram method. From this study, a modified R-D diagram is proposed which can consider grounding damage with cold temperature effect. The obtained outcome will be useful for assessing the safety of the grounded ships in Arctic sea region by measuring the grounding damage amount and surrounding air temperature

Full-scale collapse testing of a steel stiffened plate structure under axial-compressive loading triggered by brittle fracture at cryogenic condition

This paper is a sequel to the authors’ earlier article Paik et al. [2020a. Full-scale collapse testing of a steel stiffened plate structure under cyclic axial-compressive loading, Structures, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.05.026]. The aim of the paper was to present a test data on the ultimate compressive strength characteristics of a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure at cryogenic condition which may be due to unwanted release of liquefied gases. The test structure was fabricated in a shipyard using exactly the same welding technology as used in today’s shipbuilding industry. It is observed that the test structure reaches the ultimate limit states triggered by brittle fracture, which is totally different from typical collapse modes at room temperature. Details of the test database are documented as they can be used to validate computational models for the structural crashworthiness analysis involving brittle fracture at cryogenic condition

An experimental and numerical study on nonlinear impact responses of steel-plated structures in an Arctic environment

Ships and offshore platforms that operate in Arctic regions at low temperatures are likely subjected to impact loads that arise from collisions with icebergs. The aim of this paper was to examine the nonlinear impact response of steel-plated structures in an Arctic environment. In addition to material tensile tests for characterisation of the mechanical properties of polar-class high-tensile steel of grade DH36, an experimental study was undertaken in a dropped-object test facility on steel-plated structure models under impact loads and at low temperatures equivalent to those in Arctic regions. LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element computations were also performed for the corresponding test models. We conclude that nonlinear finite element analyses are useful in the analysis of the nonlinear impact structural responses involving yielding, crushing and brittle fracture at low temperatures as long as the modelling techniques are adequate. The conclusions and insights developed in this paper should be useful in the safety design of ships and offshore platforms intended for operation in Arctic regions

Molecular detection of Edwardsiella tarda with gyrB gene isolated from pirarucu, Arapaima gigas which is exhibited in an indoor private commercial aquarium

The pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, which was displayed in commercial aquarium was found dead and was submitted for diagnostic examination. Bacteria from different organs of the fish were characterized using Vitek System®2 and showed 98% probability to Edwardsiella tarda. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) result showed positive for E. tarda gyrB gene. The 16S rRNA gene was identical and exhibited 99% sequence similarity with the other known isolates of E. tarda available in the GenBank. This paper reports the isolation and detection of E. tarda with the gyrB gene in pirarucu, A. gigas, which was exhibited in an indoor private commercial aquarium in Seoul, South Korea.Key words: Arapaima gigas, commercial aquarium, Edwardsiella tarda, gyrB gene, pirarucu

Enhanced field emission properties from well-aligned zinc oxide nanoneedles grown on the Au/Ti/n-Si substrate

The authors investigated the field emission from vertically well-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoneedles grown on the Au/Ti/n-Si (100) substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The turn-on field of ZnO nanoneedles was about 0.85 V/mu m at the current density of 0.1 mu A/cm(2), and the emission current density of 1 mA/cm(2) was achieved at the applied electric field of 5.0 V/mu m. The low turn-on field of the ZnO nanoneedles was attributed to very sharp tip morphology, and the high emission current density was mainly caused by the formation of the stable Ohmic contact between the ZnO nanoneedles and Au film. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.open117999sciescopu

Beam Squint in Ultra-wideband mmWave Systems: RF Lens Array vs. Phase-Shifter-Based Array

In this article, we discuss the potential of radio frequency (RF) lens for ultra-wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. In terms of the beam squint, we compare the proposed RF lens antenna with the phase shifter-based array for hybrid beamforming. To reduce the complexities for fully digital beamforming, researchers have come up with RF lens-based hybrid beamforming. The use of mmWave systems, however, causes an increase in bandwidth, which gives rise to the beam squint phenomenon. We first find the causative factors for beam squint in the dielectric RF lens antenna. Based on the beamforming gain at each frequency, we verify that, in a specific situation, RF lens can be free of the beam squint effect. We use 3D electromagnetic analysis software to numerically interpret the beam squint of each antenna type. Based on the results, we present the degraded spectral efficiency by system-level simulations with 3D indoor ray tracing. Finally, to verify our analysis, we fabricate an actual RF lens antenna and demonstrate the real performance using a mmWave, NI PXIe, software-defined radio system

Sorghum cobalt analysis on not determined wave length with atomic absorption spectrophotometer on background correction mode

This study was to know the better wave length on measuring cobalt content in forage sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor) with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The analysis was on background correction mode with three wave lengths; 240.8, 240.7 (determined wave length or recommended wave length) and 240.6 nm, respectively. The larger absorbance value on the 240.7 nm, apparently, it might be considered as a good wave length but the smaller background value was a more important factor for the analysis as was shown on 240.6 nm. Correlation coefficients between the values on 240.7 nm: 240.6 nm and between them (240.8 nm: 240.6 nm) were higher and this common 240.6 nm was considered the better wave length.Key words: Atomic absorption spectrophotometer; background correction mode, cobalt analysis, forage sorghum, not determined wave lengths