110 research outputs found
Raman spectroscopy for the in-line polymer-drug quantification and solid state characterization during a pharmaceutical hot-melt extrusion process
How international is bioethics? A quantitative retrospective study
BACKGROUND: Studying the contribution of individual countries to leading journals in a specific discipline can highlight which countries have the most impact on that discipline and whether a geographic bias exists. This article aims to examine the international distribution of publications in the field of bioethics. METHODS: Retrospective quantitative study of nine peer reviewed journals in the field of bioethics and medical ethics (Bioethics, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Hastings Center Report, Journal of Clinical Ethics, Journal of Medical Ethics, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, Nursing Ethics, Christian Bioethics, and Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics). RESULTS: In total, 4,029 articles published between 1990 and 2003 were retrieved from the nine bioethical journals under study. The United States (59.3%, n = 2390), the United Kingdom (13.5%, n = 544), Canada (4%, n = 160) and Australia (3.8%, n = 154) had the highest number of publications in terms of absolute number of publications. When normalized to population size, smaller affluent countries, such as New Zealand, Finland and Sweden were more productive than the United States. The number of studies originating from the USA was decreasing in the period between 1990 and 2003. CONCLUSION: While a lot of peer reviewed journals in the field of bioethics profile themselves as international journals, they certainly do not live up to what one would expect from an "international" journal. The fact that English speaking countries, and to a larger extent American authors, dominate the international journals in the field of bioethics is a clear geographic bias towards the bioethical discussions that are going on in these journals
Diversity of 3-chloroaniline and 3,4-dichloroaniline degrading bacteria isolated from three different soils and involvement of their plasmids in chloroaniline degradation.
In-line NIR spectroscopy for the understanding of polymer-drug interaction during pharmaceutical hot-melt extrusion
Hot-melt co-extrusion for the production of fixed-dose combination products with a controlled release ethylcellulose matrix core
A
Formation and Evolution of the Disk System of the Milky Way: [alpha/Fe] Ratios and Kinematics of the SEGUE G-Dwarf Sample
We employ measurements of the [alpha/Fe] ratio derived from low-resolution
(R~2000) spectra of 17,277 G-type dwarfs from the SEGUE survey to separate them
into likely thin- and thick-disk subsamples. Both subsamples exhibit strong
gradients of orbital rotational velocity with metallicity, of opposite signs,
-20 to -30 km/s/dex for the thin-disk and +40 to +50 km/s/dex for the
thick-disk population. The rotational velocity is uncorrelated with
Galactocentric distance for the thin-disk subsample, and exhibits a small trend
for the thick-disk subsample. The rotational velocity decreases with distance
from the plane for both disk components, with similar slopes (-9.0 {\pm} 1.0
km/s/kpc). Thick-disk stars exhibit a strong trend of orbital eccentricity with
metallicity (about -0.2/dex), while the eccentricity does not change with
metallicity for the thin-disk subsample. The eccentricity is almost independent
of Galactocentric radius for the thin-disk population, while a marginal
gradient of the eccentricity with radius exists for the thick-disk population.
Both subsamples possess similar positive gradients of eccentricity with
distance from the Galactic plane. The shapes of the eccentricity distributions
for the thin- and thick-disk populations are independent of distance from the
plane, and include no significant numbers of stars with eccentricity above 0.6.
Among several contemporary models of disk evolution we consider, radial
migration appears to have played an important role in the evolution of the
thin-disk population, but possibly less so for the thick disk, relative to the
gas-rich merger or disk heating scenarios. We emphasize that more physically
realistic models and simulations need to be constructed in order to carry out
the detailed quantitative comparisons that our new data enable.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 18 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables,
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Laminate polyethylene window development for large aperture millimeter receivers
New experiments that target the B-mode polarization signals in the Cosmic
Microwave Background require more sensitivity, more detectors, and thus
larger-aperture millimeter-wavelength telescopes, than previous experiments.
These larger apertures require ever larger vacuum windows to house cryogenic
optics. Scaling up conventional vacuum windows, such as those made of High
Density Polyethylene (HDPE), require a corresponding increase in the thickness
of the window material to handle the extra force from the atmospheric pressure.
Thicker windows cause more transmission loss at ambient temperatures,
increasing optical loading and decreasing sensitivity. We have developed the
use of woven High Modulus Polyethylene (HMPE), a material 100 times stronger
than HDPE, to manufacture stronger, thinner windows using a pressurized hot
lamination process. We discuss the development of a specialty autoclave for
generating thin laminate vacuum windows and the optical and mechanical
characterization of full scale science grade windows, with the goal of
developing a new window suitable for BICEP Array cryostats and for future CMB
applications
A roadmap for the future of crowd safety research and practice: Introducing the Swiss Cheese Model of Crowd Safety and the imperative of a Vision Zero target
Crowds can be subject to intrinsic and extrinsic sources of risk, and previous records have shown that, in the absence of adequate safety measures, these sources of risk can jeopardise human lives. To mitigate these risks, we propose that implementation of multiple layers of safety measures for crowds—what we label The Swiss Cheese Model of Crowd Safety—should become the norm for crowd safety practice. Such system incorporates a multitude of safety protection layers including regulations and policymaking, planning and risk assessment, operational control, community preparedness, and incident response. The underlying premise of such model is that when one (or multiple) layer(s) of safety protection fail(s), the other layer(s) can still prevent an accident. In practice, such model requires a more effective implementation of technology, which can enable provision of real-time data, improved communication and coordination, and efficient incident response. Moreover, implementation of this model necessitates more attention to the overlooked role of public education, awareness raising, and promoting crowd safety culture at broad community levels, as one of last lines of defence against catastrophic outcomes for crowds. Widespread safety culture and awareness has the potential to empower individuals with the knowledge and skills that can prevent such outcomes or mitigate their impacts, when all other (exogenous) layers of protection (such as planning and operational control) fail. This requires safety campaigns and development of widespread educational programs. We conclude that, there is no panacea solution to the crowd safety problem, but a holistic multi-layered safety system that utilises active participation of all potential stakeholders can significantly reduce the likelihood of disastrous accidents. At a global level, we need to target a Vision Zero of Crowd Safety, i.e., set a global initiative of bringing deaths and severe injuries in crowded spaces to zero by a set year
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