117 research outputs found
On Weighted Distributions and Mean Advantage Over Inferiors Functions
In this note, some fundamental results including relationship be-tween weighted distribution functions and mean advantage over inferi-ors functions are established. Ordering of reliability and/or distribution functions via mean advantage over inferiors functions and related func-tions for parent and weighted reliability functions are presented. Some applications and examples are given
Palliative care and prehospital emergency medicine: analysis of a case series.
Palliative care, which is intended to keep patients at home as long as possible, is increasingly proposed for patients who live at home, with their family, or in retirement homes. Although their condition is expected to have a lethal evolution, the patients-or more often their families or entourages-are sometimes confronted with sudden situations of respiratory distress, convulsions, hemorrhage, coma, anxiety, or pain. Prehospital emergency services are therefore often confronted with palliative care situations, situations in which medical teams are not skilled and therefore frequently feel awkward.We conducted a retrospective study about cases of palliative care situations that were managed by prehospital emergency physicians (EPs) over a period of 8 months in 2012, in the urban region of Lausanne in the State of Vaud, Switzerland.The prehospital EPs managed 1586 prehospital emergencies during the study period. We report 4 situations of respiratory distress or neurological disorders in advanced cancer patients, highlighting end-of-life and palliative care situations that may be encountered by prehospital emergency services.The similarity of the cases, the reasons leading to the involvement of prehospital EPs, and the ethical dilemma illustrated by these situations are discussed. These situations highlight the need for more formal education in palliative care for EPs and prehospital emergency teams, and the need to fully communicate the planning and implementation of palliative care with patients and patients' family members
ENTRE INSTABILITĂ ET DĂVELOPPEMENT : Analyse de l'impact de l'endettement par le marchĂ© rĂ©gional des titres publics et la stabilitĂ© politique sur la Croissance Ă©conomique au Mali (2011-2023).
Khalid DEMBELE
Cette Ă©tude explore la relation complexe entre l'endettement, la croissance Ă©conomique et la stabilitĂ© politique au Mali Ă travers le marchĂ© rĂ©gional des titres publics de lâUEMOA sur la pĂ©riode de 2011 Ă 2023. En se servant des bases de lâUEMOA-Titres de la BCEAO et de la Banque mondiale en appliquant plusieurs mĂ©thodes dâestimations : mĂ©thode des variables instrumentales et ARDL en raison de la nature des donnĂ©es, pour Ă©valuer les effets de l'endettement Ă travers les fonds mobilisĂ©s sur le marchĂ© des titres publics, sur la croissance au Mali. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que l'endettement via les titres obligataires peut stimuler la croissance Ă©conomique, tandis que les instruments de dette Ă court terme, comme les bons du TrĂ©sor, ont tendance Ă avoir un impact nĂ©gatif. De plus, la stabilitĂ© politique se rĂ©vĂšle ĂȘtre un Ă©lĂ©ment clĂ© pour mobiliser des fonds sur le marchĂ© rĂ©gional, la gestion efficace de la dette et son influence sur la croissance. Ces rĂ©sultats ont des implications significatifs pour la politique Ă©conomique, suggĂ©rant la nĂ©cessitĂ© dans le choix de type dâendettement entre les titres obligataires ou bons du trĂ©sor et une gestion prudente de la dette avec un environnement politique stable, et offrent des leçons importantes pour d'autres pays en dĂ©veloppemen
Access and use of interventions to prevent and treat malaria among pregnant women in Kenya and Mali: a qualitative study.
BACKGROUND: Coverage of malaria in pregnancy interventions in sub-Saharan Africa is suboptimal. We undertook a systematic examination of the operational, socio-economic and cultural constraints to pregnant women's access to intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp), long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and case management in Kenya and Mali to provide empirical evidence for strategies to improve coverage. METHODS: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held as part of a programme of research to explore the delivery, access and use of interventions to control malaria in pregnancy. FGDs were held with four sub-groups: non-pregnant women of child bearing age (aged 15-49 years), pregnant women or mothers of children aged <1 year, adolescent women, and men. Content analysis was used to develop themes and sub-themes from the data. RESULTS: Women and men's perceptions of the benefits of antenatal care were generally positive; motivation among women consisted of maintaining a healthy pregnancy, disease prevention in mother and foetus, checking the position of the baby in preparation for delivery, and ensuring admission to a facility in case of complications. Barriers to accessing care related to the quality of the health provider-client interaction, perceived health provider skills and malpractice, drug availability, and cost of services. Pregnant women perceived themselves and their babies at particular risk from malaria, and valued diagnosis and treatment from a health professional, but cost of treatment at health facilities drove women to use herbal remedies or drugs bought from shops. Women lacked information on the safety, efficacy and side effects of antimalarial use in pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Women in these settings appreciated the benefits of antenatal care and yet health services in both countries are losing women to follow-up due to factors that can be improved with greater political will. Antenatal services need to be patient-centred, free-of-charge or highly affordable and accountable to the women they serve
Infections bucco-dentaires en milieu psychiatrique de lâhĂŽpital de Point-G : Observations de 130 cas.
Objectif : Analyser lâinfluence de la maladie mentale sur lâĂ©tat de santĂ© bucco-dentaire des
patients psychiatriques.
Matériels et méthode : Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective, transversale et descriptive
basĂ©e sur lâobservation des lĂ©sions bucco-dentaires chez les patients reçus en consultation
psychiatrique. Elle sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e dans le service de Psychiatrie du Centre HospitaloUniversitaire du Point G pendant un mois (de juin Ă juillet 2014). La population cible Ă©tait les
patients psychiatriques connus suivis et/ou hospitalisés dans le service pendant la période de
l'étude. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux et un questionnaire et
saisies puis analysées avec le logiciel Epi info fr 6.0.
RĂ©sultats : Pendant la pĂ©riode dâĂ©tude, 130 patients ont Ă©tĂ© retenus selon nos critĂšres
dâinclusion, dont 70,0% pour le sexe masculin avec un sex ratio de 2,3. La tranche dâĂąge 25-
34 ans était la plus représentée, soit 31,50%. . La majorité de nos patients présentaient une
abrasion dentaire, soit 90,80% des cas. Lâindice CAO/D de notre population Ă©tait de 5,22.
Lâhalitose et la sĂšcheresse buccale Ă©taient frĂ©quentes chez les patients atteints de psychose
chronique, soit respectivement 63,50% et 56,90% des cas. La gingivorragie a été observé chez
61,10% des patients atteints de psychose chronique.Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude montre la frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e de lâinfection bucco-dentaire en milieu
psychiatrique, dâoĂč lâintĂ©rĂȘt dâun partenariat entre professionnels de la santĂ© mentale et ceux
de la cavité buccal
Relation entre Maladies Parodontales et Maladies cardiovasculaires : Revue de la littérature
Introduction : La maladie parodontale (MP) est une maladie inflammatoire complexe qui dĂ©truit les tissus de soutien de la dent (parodonte) avec une Ă©tiologie multifactorielle elle a Ă©tĂ© liĂ©e au diabĂšte, aux obstructions chroniques des voies respiratoires, aux maladies rĂ©nales chroniques, aux syndromes mĂ©taboliques, Ă certains types de cancers, la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde et aux maladies cardiovasculaires. Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) constituent un ensemble de troubles affectant le cĆur et les vaisseaux sanguins, leur cause la plus courante est lâathĂ©rosclĂ©rose, qui correspond Ă un remaniement pathologique de la paroi interne des artĂšres de gros et moyen calibres par accumulation de lipides, glucides complexes, Ă©lĂ©ments sanguins et dĂ©pĂŽts calcaires, formant des plaques dâathĂ©rosclĂ©rose. Ainsi, lâobjectif de cette revue de la littĂ©rature est de dĂ©terminer la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les maladies cardiovasculaires. MatĂ©riels et MĂ©thodes : Pour ce travail une stratĂ©gie de recherche documentaire Ă©lectronique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans 2 bases de donnĂ©es dont Pub Med et Google scholar. Ainsi 423 articles traitant la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les maladies cardiovasculaires publiĂ©s en anglais ou en français avec texte intĂ©gral dans la pĂ©riode allant de 1989 Ă 2016 ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Les titres et rĂ©sumĂ©s des articles retrouvĂ©s grĂące Ă la stratĂ©gie de recherche ont Ă©tĂ© passĂ©s en revue. Les articles qui nâĂ©taient pas pertinents pour une inclusion ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©cartĂ©s dĂšs ce stade. Les donnĂ©es recueillies ont subi une analyse aprĂšs mise en Ćuvre des critĂšres dâinclusions : Etudes rĂ©alisĂ©es chez les humains et rĂ©digĂ©es en anglais ou en français et publiĂ©s entre 1989 Ă 2016. Les articles inclus Ă©taient ceux aprĂšs lecture des titres, des rĂ©sumĂ©s jugĂ©s pertinents dont 35 articles traitant la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les Maladies Cardiovasculaires ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. RĂ©sultat : Au total 35 articles traitant la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les Maladies cardiovasculaires ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s compte tenu de leurs cohĂ©rence et pertinence. La limite a Ă©tĂ© la consultation que de 2 bases de donnĂ©es. Les bactĂ©riĂ©mies associĂ©es aux parodontites sont responsables dâune activation de la rĂ©ponse immuno-inflammatoire favorisant la formation, la maturation et la complication des plaques dâathĂ©rome. Il existe un risque accru de MCV chez les patients atteints de parodontite chronique, indĂ©pendamment des autres facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires. Le traitement parodontal rĂ©duit le niveau dâinflammation systĂ©mique et amĂ©liore la fonction endothĂ©liale, mais ne modifie pas la dyslipidĂ©mie. Conclusion : avec une Ă©tiologie infectieuse pour les maladies et divers pour les maladies cardiovasculaires, un lien a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli entre les deux maladies dans diverses Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et cliniques mais toutes fois reste controverse dans dâautre
Modelling the elimination of river blindness using long-term epidemiological and programmatic data from Mali and Senegal
The onchocerciasis transmission models EPIONCHO and ONCHOSIM have been independently developed and used to explore the feasibility of eliminating onchocerciasis from Africa with mass (annual or biannual) distribution of ivermectin within the timeframes proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and endorsed by the 2012 London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases (i.e. by 2020/2025). Based on the findings of our previous model comparison, we implemented technical refinements and tested the projections of EPIONCHO and ONCHOSIM against long-term epidemiological data from two West African transmission foci in Mali and Senegal where the observed prevalence of infection was brought to zero circa 2007â2009 after 15â17 years of mass ivermectin treatment. We simulated these interventions using programmatic information on the frequency and coverage of mass treatments and trained the model projections using longitudinal parasitological data from 27 communities, evaluating the projected outcome of elimination (local parasite extinction) or resurgence. We found that EPIONCHO and ONCHOSIM captured adequately the epidemiological trends during mass treatment but that resurgence, while never predicted by ONCHOSIM, was predicted by EPIONCHO in some communities with the highest (inferred) vector biting rates and associated pre-intervention endemicities. Resurgence can be extremely protracted such that low (microfilarial) prevalence between 1% and 5% can be maintained for 3â5 years before manifesting more prominently. We highlight that post-treatment and post-elimination surveillance protocols must be implemented for long enough and with high enough sensitivity to detect possible residual latent infections potentially indicative of resurgence. We also discuss uncertainty and differences between EPIONCHO and ONCHOSIM projections, the potential importance of vector control in high-transmission settings as a complementary intervention strategy, and the short remaining timeline for African countries to be ready to stop treatment safely and begin surveillance in order to meet the impending 2020/2025 elimination targets
A leaf area index data set acquired in Sahelian rangelands of Gourma in Mali over the 2005â2017 period
The leaf area index of Sahelian rangelands and related variables
such as the vegetation cover fraction, the fraction of absorbed
photosynthetically active radiation and the clumping index were measured
between 2005 and 2017 in the Gourma region of northern Mali. These
variables, known as climate essential variables, were derived from the
acquisition and the processing of hemispherical photographs taken along 1 km
linear sampling transects for five contrasted canopies and one millet field.
The same sampling protocol was applied in a seasonally inundated Acacia open
forest, along a 0.5 km transect, by taking photographs of the understorey and
the tree canopy. These observations collected over more than a decade, in a
remote and not very accessible region, provide a relevant and unique data
set that can be used for a better understanding of the Sahelian vegetation
response to the current rainfall changes. The collected data can also be
used for satellite product evaluation and land surface model development and
validation. This paper aims to present the field work that was carried out
during 13 successive rainy seasons, the measured vegetation variables, and
the associated open database. Finally, a few examples of data use are
shown. DOI of the referenced data set: https://doi.org/10.17178/AMMA-CATCH.CE.Veg_Gh.</p
Implementing Preventive Chemotherapy through an Integrated National Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program in Mali
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of chronic infections that affect the poorest group of the populations in the world. There are currently five major NTDs targeted through mass drug treatment in the affected communities. The drug delivery can be integrated to deliver different drug packages as these NTDs often overlap in distribution. Mali is endemic with all five major NTDs. The integrated national NTD control program was implemented through the primary health care system using the community health center workers and the community drug distributors aiming at long-term sustainability. After a pilot start in three regions in 2007 without prior examples to follow on integrated mass drug administration, treatment for the five targeted NTDs was gradually scaled up and reached all endemic districts by 2009, and annual drug coverage in the targeted population has since been maintained at a high level for each of the five NTDs. Around 10 million people received one or more drug treatments each year since 2009. The country is on the way to meet the national objectives of elimination or control of these diseases. The successes and lessons learned in Mali are valuable assets to other countries looking to start similar programs
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