Uso de Trichoderma harzianum y Bacillus subtilis para el control de la Marchitez (Falso Mal de Panamá) por Fusarium en banano (Musa AAA ‘Cavendish’)

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar técnica y económicamente la aplicación de Trichoderma harzianum y Bacillus subtilis para el control de Fusarium sp. y microorganismos asociados a este complejo de patógenos, causantes de la enfermedad conocida como marchitez (Falso mal de Panamá) en banano (‘Cavendish’), en la Finca Guacarito, municipio José Ángel Lamas, estado Aragua, Venezuela. En el estudio se aplicaron seis tratamientos con dosis diferenciadas de Trico-plus-A (Trichoderma harzianum), Prophytex (Bacillus subtilis) y una base de arroz con Trichoderma harzianum, además de un testigo sano en la finca referencial El Rodeo de las Flores. Se realizaron mediciones progresivas en todas las plantas por cada tratamiento, evaluándose altura de la planta, número de hojas (quincenal) y la observación de síntomas (semanal) desde su aparición. El análisis técnico económico se realizó estimando los costos por hectárea de las cantidades requeridas para cada biocontrolador y para la mano de obra utilizada en su aplicación. Los tratamientos no tuvieron efectos significativos para altura de planta y número de hojas, para el ANAVAR ; en el análisis de correspondencia múltiple, los tratamientos T4 (98 g/ha Trico-plus-A y 692 cc/ha Prophytex) y T5 ( 197 g/ha Trico-plus-A y 1.730 cc/ha Prophytex), obtuvieron mayor porcentaje de plantas sanas con 55,0 y 60,7%, respectivamente, con relaciones beneficio-costos (B/C) de 5,01 y 2,67, para T4 y T5, generando beneficios netos por tratamiento de 9.072.972,00 y 10.815.409,00 Bs·ha-1,respectivamente. ABSTRACT This research evaluated technical and economically the Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis on the biological control of Fusarium sp., and other microorganisms associated to this pathogenic complex. This association induces the disease known as banana wilt (false Panama disease.) in Cavendish banana. The Rev. Fac. Agron. (UCV) 43 (2): 67-75. 2017. experiments were located at the Guacarito farm, Jose Angel Lamas Municipality, Aragua state, Venezuela. Six treatments of different doses of Trico-plus A (Trichoderma harzianum), Prophitex (Bacillus subtilis), and a rice Trichoderma harzianum mix were applied, plus a healthy control, at El Rodeo de las Flores nearby farm. Progressive measurements were made in all the plants in each treatment, evaluating plant height, leaves number (biweekly) and disease symptoms (weekly).The economic and technical analyses costs for one hectare for each biocontroler and for the labor used in its application, were estimated. . The analyses of variance did not showed any statistically difference for plant height and leaves number; but, the analyses of multiple correspondence (AMC) showed that two treatment (T4: 98 g/ha Trico-plus-A y 692 cc/ha Prophytex and T5: 197 g/ha Trico-plus-A y 1.730 cc/ha Prophytex) obtained the higher percentage of healthy plants (55.06 and 60.7%, respectively) with benefit-cost ratios (B / C) of 5.01 and 2.67, for T4 and T5, generating net benefits for treatment of 9,072,972.00 and 10,815,409.00 Bs · ha-1, respectively

Community Risk Factors for Ocular Chlamydia Infection in Niger: Pre-Treatment Results from a Cluster-Randomized Trachoma Trial

Trachoma is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases because it is the leading cause of blindness from an infection in the world. There are about 1.3 million persons blind from the disease and many more at risk of blindness in the future. It is caused by the common bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and can be treated with mass drug administrations (MDA) of azithromycin. We have begun a clinical trial in Niger, a country with limited resources in Africa, to determine the best treatment strategy. Our study from May to July 2010, which began before MDA's were given, showed that 26% of children aged 0–5 years were infected with the disease. In these children, we found that discharge from the nose, presence of flies on the face, and the number of years of education completed by the head of the household were risk factors for infection in 48 different communities. We hope to use this information about risk factors of infection to help guide future studies for trachoma and also to help with the WHO goal of eliminating the disease worldwide by the year 2020

Valor de los metodos directos e indirectos de diagnóstico en las micosis sitémicas asociadas al SIDA Efficacy of different diagnosis methods in systemic mycoses associated with AIDS

Durante 5 años se estudiaron 117 pacientes con micosis sistémicas asociadas al SIDA: 74 criptococosis, 39 histoplasmosis y 4 con ambas enfermedades. Para el diagnóstico analizamos los siguientes materiales: escarificaciones de lesiones cutáneas o mucosas, aspirados de médula ósea, secreciones bronquiales, biopsias de diversos órganos, líquido cefalorraquídeo, hemocultivos y sueros para determinaciones serológicas. Fueron estudiadas en total 203 muestras de pacientes con histoplasmosis, el 46.3% de las mismas acusó la presencia de H. capsulatum. Las escarificaciones cutáneas exhibieron la mayor sensibilidad (94.7%), seguidas por las biopsias (80%) y los mielocultivos (42.1%). La demostración de anticuerpos circulantes por medio de 3 pruebas serológicas y con de 2 antígenos específicos dio resultados positivos en el 45.4% de los pacientes. Se estudiaron en total 413 especímenes de pacientes con criptococosis, la confirmación diagnóstica fue posible en el 69% de las muestras. El mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con el LCR (89.5%), le seguieron en sensibilidad los hemocultivos (61.2%), las escarificaciones cutáneas (42.9%) y los urocultivos (41.7%). La búsqueda de antígeno en los fluidos orgánicos fue positiva en casi todos los casos. La revisión que presentamos permitirá una búsqueda más racional y rápida de los métodos de diagnóstico en las micosis asociadas al SIDA.<br>One hundred and seventeen patients suffering systemic mycosis and AIDS were studied during 5 years in the Muñiz Hospital of Buenos Aires City. Seventy four of them presented cryptococcosis, 39 histoplasmosis and 4 both mycoses. The following specimens were studied for the diagnosis: skin and mucous membrane scrapings, bone marrow aspirations, bronchial secretions, biopsies of different organs, cerebral spinal fluid and blood cultures. Sera were also collected for serologic tests. A total of 203 samples from patients with histoplasmosis were studied, 46.3% of them showed H. capsulatum in microscopic examinations or in cultures, skin scraping was the most sensitive diagnostic method (94.7% of positive results), followed by biopsies (80%) and bone marrow cultures (42.1%). Specific antibodies were detected in 45.4% of the patients with histoplasmosis, using 2 different antigens and 3 types of serologic reactions (complement fixation test, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis). A total of 413 samples from patients with cryptococcosis were examined, 69% of them confirmed the diagnosis. The mycologic study of CSF was the most sensitive method of study, since it registered positive results in 89.5%, followed by blood cultures (61.2%), skin scrapings (42.9%), and urine cultures (41.7%). Polisaccharyde antigens from C. neoformans in organic fluids were detected in almost all the cases. The aim of this study is to compare all the suitable diagnostic methods which can be used in systemic mycosis associated with AIDS in order to find the most rapid way of diagnosis

Hemangiomas cavernosos encefalicos: presentacion de dos casos

Dos casos de hemangiomas cavernosos encefálicos intervenidos quirúrgicamente con resultados satisfactorios son relatados. Consideramos necesario la práctica de estudios angiográficos, gammagráficos y sobre todo la tomografía axial computada con el objeto de aproximarse a un diagnóstico cierto. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, siendo el pronóstico reservado en caso de no ser posible la intervención; así recalcamos la necesidad de efectuar un diagnóstico precoz y determinar las posibilidades quirúrgicas, a fin de beneficiar al máximo los pacientes