Conhecimentos de saúde bucal em relação ao nível socioeconômico em adultos da cidade de Corrientes, Argentina

Objetivo: analizar los conocimientos de salud bucodental y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico en individuos adultos. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal. A través deuna encuesta domiciliaria se recolectó información referentea las variables de estudio. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra estableciéndose un nivel de confianza del 95% (381 individuos) para la generalización de los resultados. Se aplicó un diseño muestral aleatorio simple para la selección de las viviendas a encuestar, que se complementó con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas para la selección de los individuos a entrevistar. Resultados: Los individuos adultos de la Ciudad de Corrientes presentan en general un nivel de conocimientosde salud bucodental aceptable, pues en una escala de 0 a 28puntos utilizada para valorar los conocimientos, se registró unmínimo de 15 puntos. Los individuos de NSE bajo presentan un nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental similar a los individuos de NSE medio-alto/alto. Las personas de NSEmedio-bajo presentaron un nivel significativamente menorde conocimientos de salud bucodental. Conclusión: Estos resultados deberían contemplarse en el diseño estrategias de intervención que incidan en los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud-enfermedadObjective: to analyze the knowledge of oral health and its relationship with the socioeconomic status in adults. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Information on sociodemographic and oral health knowledge was collected through a household survey. Sample size was determined by establishing a confidence level of 95% (381 individuals) for the generalization of results. A simple random sampling design was used for the selection of households to be surveyed. In addition, this was supplemented with a non-probability quota sampling procedure for selecting the individuals to be interviewed. Results: A scale ranging from 0 to 28 points was used to measure knowledge on oral health. The adults of the city of Corrientes have an acceptable level of knowledge on this matter since they had a minimum score of 15 points in said scale. The results for individuals with a Low SES were similar to those obtained by individuals with a medium-high and high SES. Individuals with a mediumlow SES had a significantly lower level of knowledge on oral health. Conclusion: These results should be considered in the design of intervention strategies that affect the social and cultural determinants of the health-disease process.Objetivo: analisar os conhecimentos de saúde bucal e sua relação com o nível socioeconômico em indivíduos adultos. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo transversal. Através de um questionário domiciliário foram coletadas informações referentes às variáveis do estudo. Foi determinado o tamanho da amostra estabelecendo-se um nível de confiança de 95% (381 indivíduos) para a generalização dos resultados. Aplicouse um desenho amostral aleatório simples para a seleção de domicílios a pesquisar, que se complementou com uma amostragem não probabilística por quotas para a seleção dos indivíduos a entrevistar. Resultados: os indivíduos adultos da Cidade de Corrientes apresentam em geral um nível de conhecimentos de saúde dental aceitável, pois em uma escala de 0 a 28 pontos utilizada para avaliar os conhecimentos, registrou-se um mínimo de 15 pontos. Os indivíduos de NSE baixo apresentam um nível de conhecimentos de saúde dental similar aos indivíduos de NSE médio-alto/alto. As pessoas de NSE médio - baixo apresentaram um nível significativamente menor de conhecimentos de saúde dental. Conclusão: estes resultados deveriam ser considerados no desenho de estratégias de intervenção que afetam os determinantes socioculturais do processo saúde-doença.Fil: Dho, María Silvina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontopediatría.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Oral health attitudes related to the socioeconomic level in adults

Introducción: Las actitudes intervienen de manera decisiva en la aparición y el desarrollo de las enfermedades bucodentales. El presente trabajo se propone analizar las actitudes de salud bucodental y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) en individuos adultos de la Ciudad de Corrientes; Argentina. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal. A través de una encuesta domiciliaria se recolectó información referente a datos sociodemográficos y a actitudes de salud bucodental utilizando la técnica de observación directa mediante entrevistador cara a cara. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra estableciéndose un nivel de confianza del 95% para la generalización de los resultados (381 individuos). Se aplicó un diseño muestral aleatorio simple para la selección de las viviendas a encuestar, que se complementó con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas para la selección de los individuos a entrevistar a partir de los datos proporcionados por el censo 2010. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó programa SPSS 21.0. Las diferencias según el NSE se analizaron con la prueba Kruskall-Wallis, empleándose pruebas U de Mann-Whitney para valorar las diferencias de a pares. Resultados: Se halló que los individuos de NSE más bajo presentan actitudes de salud bucodental menos favorables, en particular en lo que se refiere a la actitud frente al dolor dental y a los motivos por los cuales se consulta generalmente al odontólogo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo pueden ser considerados como un recurso importante para diseñar estrategias de intervención que contemplen los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud-enfermedad.Introduction: Attitudes intervene decisively in the onset and development of oral diseases. This paper analyzes the attitudes toward the oral health and its relationship with socioeconomic status (SES) in adults from the city of Corrientes, Argentina. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Information on sociodemographic and oral health attitudes was collected through a household survey using the technique of direct observation by the "face to face" interviewer. The sample size was determined by establishing a confidence level of 95% for the generalization of results (381 individuals). Simple random sampling design was used for the selection of households to be surveyed, which was supplemented with a non-probability sampling procedure for selecting individuals to be interviewed, based on data provided by the 2010 census. We used a SPSS 21.0 program for the analysis of data. Differences according to the socioeconomic level were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, using U Mann-Whitney tests to assess differences between pairs. Results: It was found that individuals from lower socioeconomic level have less favorable attitudes of oral health, particularly in regard to the attitude to dental pain and frequent reason to dentist consultation. Conclusion: The results of this work can be considered as an important resource to design intervention strategies that address the social and cultural determinants of health-disease process.Fil: Dho, María Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontopediatría.; Argentin

Profile of the adult population of the city of Corrientes (Argentina) in relation to dental health insurance.

Objective: To characterize the adult population of the city of Corrientes (Argentina) in relation to dental health insurance according to sociodemographic and dental variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Corrientes (Argentina). Information regarding the study variables was collected through the application of a structured survey. Sample size was determined by establishing a 95% confidence level (381 subjects between 35 and 44 years of age). The direct face-to-face observation technique was used for data collection. A simple random sample design was applied for the selection of the homes to be surveyed, which was complemented by a non-probabilistic sampling using quotas for the selection of the individuals to be interviewed from the 2010 Population Census data. Results: Of the total of the participants, 56.4% had dental health insurance. Health insurance was significantly associated with a higher socioeconomic level OR: 1.90 (95% CI 1.26-2.87, p=0.01); greater probability of having had a consultation in the 12 months prior to the interview OR: 1.74 (95% CI 1.13-2.68, p=0.01), going to the dentist for dental treatments OR: 1.5 (95% CI 1.02-2.43, p=0.03), or because of pain or an emergency problem OR: 1.59 (95% CI 1.05-2.42, p=0.02), and presenting better oral hygiene self-care. Conclusions: There are oral health inequities in the adult population of the city of Corrientes (Argentina). Having dental health insurance is associated with a higher socioeconomic level, having more frequent dental consultations to get dental treatment and in emergency situations, as well as presenting better oral hygiene self-care

Percolative phase separation induced by nonuniformly distributed excess oxygens

The zero-field $^{139}$La and $^{55}$Mn nuclear magnetic resonances were studied in $\rm La_{0.8}Ca_{0.2}MnO_{3+\delta}$ with different oxygen stoichiometry $\delta$. The signal intensity, peak frequency and line broadening of the $^{139}$La NMR spectrum show that excess oxygens have a tendency to concentrate and establish local ferromagnetic ordering around themselves. These connect the previously existed ferromagnetic clusters embedded in the antiferromagnetic host, resulting in percolative conduction paths. This phase separation is not a charge segregation type, but a electroneutral type. The magnetoresistance peak at the temperature where percolative paths start to form provides a direct evidence that phase separation is one source of colossal magnetoresistance effect.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Prevalence and risk factors of smoking among secondary school students in Nairobi

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of smoking and investigate factors that may influence smoking behaviour in secondary school students in Nairobi. Design: Cross-sectional survey in which a self-administered questionnaire was issued to the students. Setting: Sampled public and private secondary schools in Nairobi. Participants: All the students in the selected secondary schools were included in the study. Results: Five thousand, three hundred and eleven(74. 1%) secondary school students were covered. There were 3658 boys and 1653 girls in the study. The mean age was 16.7 years SD ± 1.48. The study covered 3065(77.3%) and 2246 (70. 1%) of the public and private school students respectively. A total of 1709 (32.2%) were ever-smokers. The overall rate of eversmoking by gender among the students was 38.6% of males and 17.9% of the females. Experimentation with smoking started at five years and regular smoking at 10 years but majority of students (72.2%) started at between age 12 and 16 years. Parents' and teachers' smoking habits influenced initiation of smoking by young children while peer pressure, advertising and type of school influenced older children to smoking. About 67% of the eversmokers stopped the habit giving various reasons. There was a strong relationship between age of smoking initiation and stoppage. Majority of the students smoked either to enhance their personalities or for stimulation. Most students smoked less than five cigarettes per day. General shops, kiosks and cigarette stalls which sell cigarettes in both packets and single sticks were the main source to students. Students smoked mostly in the evening and at night. Most student smokers were not discouraged by health warnings on the cigarette packets and awareness of the dangers of smoking. Enforceable legislation that would ban advertising and make smoking illegal was the main recommendation from the students. Conclusions: Smoking is a problem among Kenyan students. The habit starts quite early in life. Peer pressure, advertising, type of school and age influenced smoking among the students. Banning the sale of cigarettes in single sticks is recommended. Anti-smoking campaigners and specially trained school teachers should encourage attitude shaping among school children towards self confidence and adequacy. (E Afr Med J:2003 80(4): 207-212

Phase diagrams of half-filled 1D and 2D extended Hubbard model within COM

The half-filled extended Hubbard model, in one and two dimensions, is studied by means of the 2-pole approximation within the Composite Operator Method with the aim at improving the possibilities to describe some of the experimental features observed for quasi-1D organic superconductors and Cu-O planes of cuprates. The phase diagrams ($T$-$V$ and $V$-$U$) are analyzed with respect to the paramagnetic metal - paramagnetic insulator - charge ordered phase transitions. The relevant features of the diagrams (rank of the phase transitions, critical points, reentrant behavior) are discussed in detail

Oral health status of patients over 18 years. Preventive Clinic Practicum I, UNNE School of Dentistry, Argentina, 2010

Introducción: con el propósito de conocer la situación de salud bucal de pacientes que asisten a la Cátedra Práctica Clínica Preventiva I de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en septiembre y octubre del año 2010. Métodos: Las variables consideradas fueron: datos socio-demográficos, nivel de conocimientos en salud buco-dental, hábitos de higiene buco-dental y de consumo de hidratos de carbono, estado gingival, higiene bucal, estado de los dientes y acceso a la atención odontológica. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron encuestas estructuradas auto-administradas y las historias clínicas de cada paciente. Se analizaron los datos con los programas estadísticos SPSS 15.0 y Epidat 3.1. Resultados y Conclusiones: si bien predomina un nivel de conocimientos de salud buco-dental bueno, esto no se refleja en los hábitos de higiene oral y en la periodicidad de búsqueda de atención odontológica preventiva. El examen clínico buco-dental reveló higiene buco-dental deficiente, alta prevalencia de gingivitis leve y elevada prevalencia de caries dental y de dientes obturados y perdidos como consecuencia de la misma. Es necesaria la búsqueda de estrategias programadas que permitan optimizar la educación sanitaria y mejorar los comportamientos preventivos de la población de estudio.Introduction: with the intention of identifying the oral health status of patients attending the Preventive Clinic Practicum I at the School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Argentina, a cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2010. Methods: the variables taken into account were: socio-demographic data, level of oral health knowledge, oral hygiene habits and carbohydrate consumption, gingival status, oral hygiene, teeth status, and access to dental care. The data were collected by means of structured self-administered surveys and the medical records of each patient, and they were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS® 15.0 and Epidat® 3.1. Results: although a good level of oral health knowledge is predominant, it is not reflected in oral hygiene habits or in the frequency in which individuals seek preventive dental care. The clinical examination revealed poor oral hygiene habits, high prevalence of mild gingivitis and high prevalence of dental caries as well as filled and missing teeth as a result of it. Conclusions: it is necessary to search for strategies to optimize health education and to improve preventive behaviors within the study population.Fil: Dho, María Silvina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Odontologia. Secretaria de Investigacion. Gabinete de Inv.interd.de Prevencion Salud y Epidemologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vila, Vilma G.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Odontologia. Departamento de Clinicas Integradas; ArgentinaFil: Palladino, Alberto C.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Argentin

Controlling the exchange interaction using the spin-flip transition of antiferromagnetic spins in Ni81_{81}Fe19_{19} / α\alpha-Fe2_2O3_3

We report studies of exchange bias and coercivity in ferromagnetic Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$ layers coupled to antiferromagnetic (AF) (0001), (11$\bar{2}$0), and (11$\bar{0}$2) $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ layers. We show that AF spin configurations which permit spin-flop coupling give rise to a strong uniaxial anisotropy and hence a large coercivity, and that by annealing in magnetic fields parallel to specific directions in the AF we can control either coercivity or exchange bias. In particular, we show for the first time that a reversible temperature-induced spin reorientation in the AF can be used to control the exchange interaction.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let