A Theoretical Study of the No-Claim Bonus Problem

The no-claim bonus problem has given rise to a considerable amount of discussion throughout the whole world. There is quite a difference of opinion among the actuaries and other experts concerned in this field and several exchanges of view have taken place the last few years. The ASTIN section of the Permanent Committee has been well aware of this fact and it has devoted one Colloquium to this subject and discussed it at others. In 1959 the major part of the La Baule meeting was dedicated to this subject and attention was focussed on this problem once again at Rattvik in 1961. Nevertheless controversies on this subject still continue. Almost every conference where the bonus problem is discussed is marked by a widespread difference of opinion. As is well known, the claim frequencies under insurance policies show a considerable heterogeneity, especially in the early years. It is not possible to get homogeneous sub-groups by means of a continuous subdivision; what may be gained in homogeneity, is lost in credibility. It seems therefore that a subsequent adjustment of premiums according to the past claim record may well be a suitable way of obtaining a fair premium. Those who are in favour of a rating procedure granting a bonus at a careful driver will stress that criticism is useless as long as no better solution is available, whereas actuaries who reject such a rating system argue that the unfairness of a flat rate is not at all eliminated by means of a bonu

The Occurence of Lower Sensitivity Pollen Beetle (Meligethes spp.) Populations to Chlorpyriphos in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Pollen beetle (Meligethes spp.) is the most important oilseed rape pest. If no control measures are conducted, this pest could cause even more than 50% reduction of the yield which is the reason of high insecticides input every year. Due to frequent use of insecticides for its control in the last decade, the resistance of pollen beetle to pyrethroids was confirmed. In order to test sensitivity of adult forms to chlorpyriphos, 52 populations were collected from different oilseed rape fields in 2013 and 2014. For each sample were determined coordinates using GPS (Global positioning system). Based on the collected data the database in GIS (Geographic information system) was created. In a laboratory experiment they were tested according to IRAC Susceptibility Test Method No: 025. Results show lower chlorpyriphos efficiency, with potential to be tolerant, on eight pollen beetle populations located in three eastern counties where the highest amount of arable crops is located. This is the first record of low sensitivity pollen beetles to chlorpyriphos in Europe

Mit Schlupfwespen und Gülle gegen den Rapsglanzkäfer

Raps ist eine anspruchsvolle Kultur, aber auch eine interessante: Für das Erntejahr 2008 wird die Anbaufläche um rund 800 Hektaren ausgedehn

TESTING OF THE NEW ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FOR CONTROLLING OF THE OSTRINIA NUBILALIS HBN AT MAIZE CROP, IN CONDITIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATION, AT NARDI FUNDULEA

In this paper, author collective present preliminary results of new active ingredients testing for vegetation treatment against European corn borer at maize crops. Maize plants were artificial infested witch Ostrinia nubilalis egg batches produced in laboratory conditions, from insects reared consecutive generations, using same artificial diet. Climatic conditions from summer period were favorable for pest evolution in 2016 comparative with 2014. At untreated maize plants, average number of larvae per plant was 3.03 in 2014 and 14.70 in 2016 while average length of the cavities per plants was 13.41 cm in 2014 and 20.18 cm in 2016. At treated variants, in climatic conditions of the summer of 2014 and 2016, higher effectiveness was registered in case of higher dose of indoxacarb active ingredient and chlorantraniliprole active ingredient, in dose of 150 and 200 ml p.c./ha

LU Chronicle, March 1999

Student Newspaper of Lindenwood Universityhttps://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/lu_chronicle/1003/thumbnail.jp

Rainey Named to Rimington Award Watch List

Rainey Named to Rimington Award Watch List Award given to nation\u27s top collegiate cente

Geostructural stability assessment of cave using rock surface discontinuity extracted from terrestrial laser scanning point cloud

© 2018 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences The use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in the caves has been growing drastically over the last decade. However, TLS application to cave stability assessment has not received much attention of researchers. This study attempted to utilize rock surface orientations obtained from TLS point cloud collected along cave passages to (1) investigate the influence of rock geostructure on cave passage development, and (2) assess cave stability by determining areas susceptible to different failure types. The TLS point cloud was divided into six parts (Entry hall, Chamber, Main hall, Shaft 1, Shaft 2 and Shaft 3), each representing different segments of the cave passages. Furthermore, the surface orientation information was extracted and grouped into surface discontinuity joint sets. The computed global mean and best–fit planes of the entire cave show that the outcrop dips 290° with a major north-south strike. But at individual level, the passages with dip angle between 26° and 80° are featured with dip direction of 75°–322°. Kinematic tests reveal the potential for various failure modes of rock slope. Our findings show that toppling is the dominant failure type accounting for high-risk rockfall in the cave, with probabilities of 75.26%, 43.07% and 24.82% in the Entry hall, Main hall and Shaft 2, respectively. Unlike Shaft 2 characterized by high risk of the three failure types (32.49%, 24.82% and 50%), the chamber and Shaft 3 passages are not suffering from slope failure. The results also show that the characteristics of rock geostructure considerably influence the development of the cave passages, and four sections of the cave are susceptible to different slope failure types, at varying degrees of risk