Functional differentiation of the blastocystic ring trophoblast cells in the rat

It is accepted that the implantation consists of establishment of contacts between the trophoblast cells of blastocystic ring and the uterine epithelium. Prior to the contact with uterine epithelium the blastocyst undergoes a series of physiological and developmental changes. The formation and differentiation of blastocystic ring and its ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects have been extensively studied. The stages of blastocystic ring formation, preimplantation, epithelial penetration, and related biochemical events vary significantly among different species of mammals.Biomedical Reviews 1997; 8: 127-132

Expression of VEGF receptors VEFGR-1 and VEGFR-2, angiopoietin receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2 in chorionic villi tree during early pregnancy.

The aim of this study was to determine the expression of VEGF and its receptors in placentas from normal pregnancies between 22 days p.c. and 48 days p.c. of very early pregnancy. Placental tissues carried out from 19 pregnant women were examined. Immunohistochemical technique, electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the factors expression. In the new developing mesenchymal villi and immature intermediate villi VEGF and its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was detected in all the placental components, while in the stem villi and in the chorionic plate with large vessels only in some components. In the mesenchymal villi and immature intermediate villi VEGFR-1 and -2, and angiopoietin receptors Tie-1 and -2 immunoreactivity was dominantly observed in the heamangiogenic cells and cells cords, whereas the matured villi showed immunoreactivity only in other components. The ultrastructural findings were higher in respect to the all of the early pregnancy days. The placental samples from all of pregnancies, showed the VEGF and its receptors in optimal expression levels, whereas the angiopoietin receptors Tie-1 and -2 showed a higher expression levels in respect to other study factors. The receptors protein levels increased from the early days to the advanced days of gestation, but this alteration was not significant. The intensity of the immunolabeling for these proteins were not significant compared to to each other of gestatin days were examined. These findings demonstrated that a dysregulation of the placental expression of the VEGF and its receptors related to the different degrees of the gestational periods. Probably, this event may be related to complete vasculugenesis and angiogenesis in placental villi

Distributions of PCNA and Cas-3 in rat uterus during early pregnancy.

The aim of present study was to determine the distributions of proliferating cell nuclear agent (PCNA) and Cas-pase-3 (Cas-3) and their possible roles in implantation and decidualization during early pregnancy at immunohistochemical level. The tissue samples from pregnant animals between gestational days 1-5 were incubated by PCNA and Cas-3 antibodies and the obtained results were evaluated quantitatively. It was observed that PCNA immunoreactivity in uterine luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium reduced as from day 2 of gestation and disappeared as from day 4 of gestation. PCNA staining intensity in stromal cells and myometrium increased gradually with progressing gestation. While Cas-3 immunoreactivity was strongly detected in luminal and glandular epithelium throughout the whole gestational period, its reactivity markedly increased as from day 3 of gestation. In conclusion, it may suggest that the blastocyst implantation induces the uterine luminal epithelial cell death and stromal cell proliferation around the embryo in the uterus

Self-Concealment and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Seeking Psychological Help among Undergraduate Students

In this study we investigate self-concealment, emotional intelligence and seeking psychological help among undergraduate students in Turkey. The attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help–short form (SPH), Self-concealment scale (SC) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EI) were used and data were collected from a total of 785 university students studying in various faculties. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the psychological levels of the participants differed according to gender for seeking of psychological help, self-concealment and emotional intelligence. Moreover, self-concealment levels differed only according to perceived parental attitudes and the levels of seeking psychological help differed only according to whether or not they had previously received psychological help. However, the levels of seeking psychological help, self-concealment and emotional intelligence did not differ depending on whether the participants received a scholarship, were members of the community or were studying in the department of their choice. The results of Pearson’s correlation showed a positive significant relationship between seeking psychological help and emotional intelligence (r=0.124), self-concealment and emotional intelligence (r=0.118). Beside, negative significant relationship between seeking psychological help and self-concealment (r = -0.133). The results of the regression analysis showed that self-concealment, emotional intelligence, who prior receiving psychological help and gender (male) are predictive of the seeking psychological help among students and explain 8.6% of the total variation of student’s attitude toward seeking psychological help

Çevreye İlişkin Bir Tutum Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable Likert- type scale to measure the attitudes of pre-service teachers toward the environment. A 30-item draft attitude scale was applied to 366 pre-service teachers who had attended fundamental physics, chemistry and biology courses (some of them had attended ecology courses) at the Education and Science- Art Faculties at Dicle University during 2002- 2003 spring term. To test the validity of the scale and find out its sub-dimensions, a factor analysis was used and five sub-dimensions were found. The first dimension measured anxiety, the second dimension measured enjoyment, the third dimension measured participation, the fourth dimensions measured the importance of the environment and fifth measured the students’ interest for environmental education. The Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin (KMO) value was 0.84 and the Barlett Test value was 1124.6. The reliability Cofficient (Cronbach alpha) for the whole scale was found to be 0.88. The Cronchbach alpha values for the sub- dimensions were 0.74, 0.77, 0.64, 0.66, and 0.53 respectively.Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının çevreye ilişkin tutumlarını belirleyen geçerli ve güvenilir Likert tipi bir tutum ölçeği geliştirmektir. 30 maddeden oluşan tutum ölçeği taslağı, 2002-2003 öğretim yılının ikinci yarıyılında Dicle Üniversitesi, Eğitim ve Fen -Edebiyat fakültelerinde öğrenim gören ve temel fizik, temel biyoloji ile temel kimya (bazıları çevre bilimi) derslerini okumuş olan 366 öğretmen adayına uygulanmıştır. Testin geçerliğini belirlemek ve alt boyutlarını bulmak için faktör analizi uygulandı ve beş alt boyut bulundu. Birinci boyut kaygıyı, ikinci boyut hoşlanmayı, üçüncü boyut katılmayı, dördüncü boyut çevre eğitiminin önemini ve beşinci boyut ise çevre eğitimine olan öğrenci ilgisini ölçmektedir. Ölçeğin KMO (Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin) değeri 0,84, Barlett Testi değeri ise 1124,6 olarak bulunmuştur.Ölçeğin bütünü için hesaplanan güvenirlik katsayısı (Cronbach Alpha) değeri 0,88, alt boyutlar için ise sırayla 0,74, 0,77, 0,64, 0,66, 0,53 olarak bulunmuştur

Prospects of FMCW-based frequency diverse array radar

The linear frequency modulated (LFM) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-based frequency diverse array (FDA) radar concept is investigated in detail. The radar operates as a linear pulsed FMCW/FDA in the transmission (TX) mode while it operates as a pulsed FMCW/phased array (PA) in the receiving mode. The issues such as low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FDA, the time-angle scanning and time-range ambiguities are studied. It is shown that the local instantaneous frequency bandwidth is much smaller than the radio frequency (RF) deviation of LFM. Positive and negative slope TX/RF locations offer frequency diversity. Time domain and frequency domain signal processings are described. A Ku band direct digital synthesis-based FMCW/FDA radar example based on the cumulative detection scheme is given and compared with an equivalent FMCW/PA radar

Öğrenci Görüşleriyle Akran Değerlendirme: Bir Örnek Uygulama

In this study, a special peer assessment technique was applied for 5th grade students in relation to the unit “Electricity in our life” in the Science and Technology course. According to this activity, it was aimed to determine the views of students associated with peer assessment. It was also aimed to study the reflection of students’ success which they acquired as a result of peer assessment. In addition, the views of a science teacher and a class teacher who participated as observers were received. The research design is based on the method of qualitative research. The pattern of research is a case study. 30 students at the 5th grade of primary school in the district Selcuklu form the sample group of the research. The self-structured interview method was used to get students’ view and the unstructured interview method was used to receive teachers’ opinions. It was established that students have positive thoughts about peer assessment. Based on the result of peer assessment, it is possible to claim that successful groups have more positive thoughts than others.Bu araştırmada, ilköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerine Fen ve Teknoloji dersi “Yaşamımızdaki Elektrik” ünitesine yönelik örnek bir akran değerlendirme etkinliği yaptırılmıştır. Bu ders etkinliğinden yola çıkarak öğrencilerin akran değerlendirmesine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi ve öğrencilerin akran değerlendirme sonucu edindikleri başarı derecelerinin görüşlerine yansıma durumunun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca etkinliğin uygulanması esnasında gözlemci olarak katılan bir fen ve teknoloji ve bir sınıf öğretmeninin de akran değerlendirmeye yönelik görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama, örneklem seçimi ve veri analizi basamaklarının tümü nitel araştırma yöntemiyle tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın deseni; durum (örnek olay) çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın örneklemi; amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem tekniğiyle seçilmiştir. Konya ili Selçuklu ilçesinde ilköğretim 5. sınıfa devam eden 30 öğrenci araştırmanın örneklem grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin görüşlerine yönelik verilerin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış, öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin alınmasında ise yapılandırılmamış görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda yer alan ilköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencileri akran değerlendirmesine yönelik olumlu görüşlere sahiptir. Akran değerlendirmesi sonucu başarılı olan gruplar, diğerlerinden daha olumlu görüşlere sahip olmuştu

An Action Research on Improving Environmental Sensitivity of Fourth Grade Primary School Students: What Happens in the School Garden?

School gardens, which play an important role in environmental education, provide an opportunity for students to develop environmental awareness and gain environmental responsibility. In this study, which draws attention to this, it is aimed to reveal the applicability of the workshops prepared in the school garden in order to improve the environmental sensitivity of the students. The research was carried out with 10 female and 10 male 4th grade students in a public primary school in the city center of Bartin in the 2021-2022 academic year. The research was carried out with the action research design, one of the qualitative research methods. The data of the research were obtained through a scale developed by Peker (2020) and a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers. Quantitative data obtained using descriptive statistics and dependent group t-test statistical procedures; qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis technique. As a result of the research, it has been determined that environmental education workshops are effective in increasing students’ environmental awareness. Students stated that environmental education activities are fun, useful and instructive. As a result, it is seen that the workshops applied in the school garden increase the environmental awareness of the 4th grade students and the process has a positive effect on them. As a result of the research, it can be suggested that environmental awareness should be brought to students through school gardens and reflected in educational environments by organizing various activities that encourage positive attitudes