Matrix Support And Institutional Support: Analyzing Their Construction

This is an analysis of the theoretical and practical construction of the methodology of Matrix Support by means of studies on Paideia Support (Institutional and Matrix Support), which is an inter-professional work of joint care in recent literature and official documents of the Unified Health System (SUS). An attempt was made to describe methodological concepts and strategies. A comparative analysis of Institutional Support and Matrix Support was also conducted using the epistemological framework of Field and Core Knowledge and Practices.201229238Campos, G., Equipes de referência e apoio especializado matricial: Um ensaio sobre a reorganização do trabalho em saúde (1999) Cien Saude Colet, 4 (2), pp. 393-403Campos, G., (2000) Um método Para análise E co-gestão De Coletivos, , São Paulo: HucitecCampos, G., (2003) Saúde Paidéia, , São Paulo: HucitecCampos, G., Cunha, G.T., Figueiredo, M.D., (2013) Práxis E formação Paideia: Apoio E cogestão Em saúde, , São Paulo: HucitecMinistério da Saúde (MS), Núcleo Técnico da Política Nacional de Humanização (2004) Humanizasus: A Clínica Ampliada, , Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, 4ª ed, Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde, BrasilBrasil. Ministério da Saúde (MS), (2004) Apoio Integrado à gestão Descentralizada Do SUS: Estratégia Para a qualificação Da gestão Descentralizada, , Secretaria Executiva. Departamento de Apoio à Descentralização, Brasília: Editora do Ministério da SaúdeBrasil. Ministério da Saúde (MS), (2009) Diretrizes Do NASF-Núcleo De Apoio a Saúde Da Família, , Brasília: Editora do Ministério da SaúdeBrasil. Ministério da Saúde (MS), (2011) Diretrizes Do Apoio Integrado Para a qualificação Da gestão E Da atenção No SUS, , Secretaria-Executiva, Brasília: MSOnocko Campos, R.T., Furtado, J.P., Narrativas: Utilização na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde (2008) Rev Saude Publica, 42 (6), pp. 1090-1096Brasil. Ministério da Saúde (MS), Cria os Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família-NASF (2008) Diário Oficial Da União, , Portaria nº 154, de 24 de janeiro de 2008, 25 janCampos, G., Equipes de Referência e apoio especializado matricial: Um ensaio sobre a reorganização do trabalho em saúde (1999) Cien Saude Colet, 4 (2), pp. 393-403Domitti, A., (2006) Um possível diálogo Com a Teoria a Partir Das práticas De Apoio Especializado Matricial Na Atenção Básica De Saúde, , [tese]. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasColegiado De Gestão Da Saúde, , Campinas, As Diretrizes da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde-Gestão 2001-2004(2003) Programa Paidéia – Saúde Da Família: 2001-2004: Campinas, , Projeto Paideia de Saúde da Família. Campinas: Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, 2001Campinas, Campinas: Secretaria Municipal de SaúdeCampos, G., Domitti, A.C., Apoio Matricial e equipe de referência: Uma metodologia para gestão do trabalho interdisciplinar em saúde (2007) Cad Saude Publica, 23 (2), pp. 399-407Cunha, G.T., Campos, G., Apoio Matricial e Atenção Primária em Saúde (2011) Saúde E Sociedade, 20 (4), pp. 961-970Gonçalves, D.A., (2012) Prevalência De Transtornos Mentais Na Estratégia Saúde Da Família E avaliação De Um Modelo De capacitação Em Saúde Mental, , [tese], São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São PauloVingilis, E., Paquete-Warren, J., Kates, N., Crustolo, A., Greenslade, J., Newman, S., Descriptive and process evaluation of a shared primary care program (2007) The Internet Journal of Alleid Health Sciences and Practice, 5 (4)Kates, N., Craven, M., Collaborative Working Group of the College of Family Physicians of Canada, Canadian Psychiatric Association. Shared mental health care. Update from the Collaborative Working Group of the College of Family Physicians of Canada and the Canadian Psychiatric Association (2002) Can Fam Physician, 48, p. 936Pisco, L., Reforma da Atenção Primária em Portugal em duplo movimento: Unidades assistenciais autónomas de saúde familiar e gestão em agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde (2011) Cien Saude Colet, 16 (6), pp. 2841-2852Trindade, I., Teixeira, J., (2010) Psicologia Nos Cuidados De saúde primários, , Lisboa: ClimepsiGarcía-Talavera Espín, N.V., López-Ruiz, A., Nuñez Sánchez, M., Meoro Avilés, A., Sánchez Cañizares, C., Romero López-Reinoso, H., López Olivar, M.D., Soriano Palao, J., Collaborative Group of the Diabetes Unit of the Reina Sofía University Hospital Murcia, Spain. How to reduce avoidable admissions due to acute diabetes complications?: Interrelation between primary and specialized attention in a diabetes unit (2012) Nutr Hosp, 27 (6), pp. 2079-2088Starfield, B., William Pickles Lecture. Primary and specialty care interfaces: The imperative of disease continuity (2003) Br J Gen Pract, 53 (494), pp. 723-729Smith, S.M., Allwright, S., O’Dowd, T., Effectiveness of shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in chronic disease management (2007) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (3)Kelly, B.J., Perkins, D.A., Fuller, J.D., Parker, S.M., Shared care in mental illness: A rapid review to inform implementation (2011) Int J Ment Health Syst, 5, p. 31Bower, P., Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Fletcher, J., Sutton, A., Collaborative care for depression in primary care. Making sense of a complex intervention: Systematic review and meta-regression (2006) Br J Psychiatry, 189, pp. 484-493Foy, R., Hempel, S., Rubenstein, L., Suttorp, M., Seelig, M., Shanman, R., Shekelle, P.G., Meta-analysis: Effect of interactive communication between collaborating primary care physicians and specialists (2010) Ann Intern Med, 152 (4), pp. 247-258Campos, G., A mediação entre conhecimento e práticas sociais: A racionalidade da tecnologia leve, da práxis e da arte (2011) Cien Saude Colet, 16 (7), pp. 3033-3040Jameson, F.O., (1997) Marxismo Tardio Ou a persistência Da dialética. São Paulo, , Editora da Unesp, Boitempo EditorialOrganização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), (1964) Informe Dawson Sobre El Futuro De Los Servicios médicos Y Afines-1920, , Washington: OPAS, Publicacíon Científica, n. 93Campos, G., Campo e núcleo de conhecimentos e de responsabilidade (2007) Memórias De Um médico Sanitarista Que Virou Professor Enquanto Escrevia Sobre, pp. 117-118. , Campos GWS, organizador, São Paulo: HucitecCampos, G., Saúde pública e saúde coletiva: Campo e núcleo de saberes e práticas (2000) Cien Saude Colet, 5 (2), pp. 219-230Campos, G., Clínica e Saúde Coletiva compartilhadas: Teoria Paideia e reformulação ampliada do trabalho em saúde (2012) Organizador. Tratado De Saúde Coletiva, pp. 19-41. , Campos GWS, 2ª ed. São Paulo: Hucite

Apoio Matricial No Sus Campinas: Análise Da Consolidação De Uma Prática Interprofissional Na Rede De Saúde

This study aims to characterize the teams and the inter-professional work process of Matrix Support developed and practiced in primary healthcare provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. This is an exploratory descriptive study involving a questionnaire that was applied to 232 professionals who practice Matrix Support for primary healthcare. For analysis, the data were grouped into four categories: Identification of the professional; Work links to the Campinas SUS; Organization of the Matrix Support work; and the Support practice. The study indicates that the methodology of support for inter-professional work has achieved an important degree of consolidation in the municipality, in spite of the restricted investment. The reduced working time dedicated to support, and the large number of teams supported by each Matrix Support team were identified as the principal points of fragility in the work process. In turn, strong points that emerged were the multiplicity of tools used, the possibility of shared construction of work guidelines, and the flexibility in the composition of the support teams. Both the fragilities and the potentialities found can offer inputs for reflection and full creation of Matrix Support in other contexts. © 2016, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.2151625163

Development of a computer-aided design software for the quantitative evaluation of aesthetic damage

Concerns associated with the assessment of aesthetic damage or injury raise critical difficulties, such as the scarcity of methodology and standardization that may result in fundamental precepts to establish impartial forms of compensation and aiming the total reparation of bodily injury. The complexity of the aesthetic damage evaluation is associated with the confluence of legal and technical perspectives and expert subjectivity while conducting examination and writing a report. Experts face additional difficulties associated with the objectivity while assessing aesthetic damage, independently on its location or expert skills, due to complex details observed in these lesions. Another situation in the clinical area, doctors (mainly plastic surgeons) and dentists could show the improvement or not, of the aesthetic condition to the patients. In health related areas, the use of information technology has contributed to increase the number of appropriate diagnoses, besides promoting quality, efficiency and satisfaction to health care providers. In order to make this assessment more objective, a technological tool was developed to aid experts in the evaluation of aesthetic damage and report elaboration. The objective was to develop computer-aided design software for aesthetic damage quantification/evaluation that is accessible via internet to be applied as a complementary report on body aesthetic damage. The software uses as a parameter the AIPE method, translated transculturally from Spanish to Portuguese and English. The present study allowed the construction of open access auxiliary software for the evaluation of corporal aesthetic damage. Its use is facilitated by intuitive and interactive filling, and the text may be customized by the user. It transforms the report into PDF and saves all evaluations already done in its own file. Information is encrypted for added security and confidentiality

Epstein-Barr virus infection and gastric carcinoma in São Paulo State, Brazil

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and most people have serological evidence of previous viral infection at adult age. EBV is associated with infectious mononucleosis and human cancers, including some lymphomas and gastric carcinomas. Although EBV was first reported in lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, the virus was also found in conventional adenocarcinomas. In the present study, 53 gastric carcinomas diagnosed in São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for EBV infection by non-isotopic in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe (Biotin-AGACACCGTCCTCACCACCC GGGACTTGTA) directed to the viral transcript EBER-I, which is actively expressed in EBV latently infected cells. EBV infection was found in 6 of 53 (11.32%) gastric carcinomas, mostly from male patients (66.7%), with a mean age of 59 years old. Most EBV-positive tumors were in gastric antrum. Two EBV-positive tumors (33.3%) were conventional adenocarcinomas, whereas four (66.7%) were classified as lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. EBV infection in gastric carcinomas was reported elsewhere in frequencies that range from 5.6% (Korea) up to 18% (Germany). In Brazil, a previous work found EBV infection in 4 of 80 (5%) gastric carcinomas, whereas another study found 4.7 and 11.2% of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas of Brazilians of Japanese origin or not, respectively. In the present study, the frequency of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas is similar to that reported in other series, and the clinicopathologic characteristics of these EBV-positive tumors are in agreement with the data in the literature.1707171

Gravitational non-commutativity and G\"odel-like spacetimes

We derive general conditions under which geodesics of stationary spacetimes resemble trajectories of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. For large curvatures (analogous to strong magnetic fields), the quantum mechanicical states of these particles are confined to gravitational analogs of {\it lowest Landau levels}. Furthermore, there is an effective non-commutativity between their spatial coordinates. We point out that the Som-Raychaudhuri and G\"odel spacetime and its generalisations are precisely of the above type and compute the effective non-commutativities that they induce. We show that the non-commutativity for G\"odel spacetime is identical to that on the fuzzy sphere. Finally, we show how the star product naturally emerges in Som-Raychaudhuri spacetimes.Comment: Two sections added (Relation to the fuzzy sphere, Emergence of the star product). 10 pages, Revtex. To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Epstein-barr Virus Infection And Gastric Carcinoma In São Paulo, Brazil

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and most people have serological evidence of previous viral infection at adult age. EBV is associated with infectious mononucleosis and human cancers, including some lymphomas and gastric carcinomas. Although EBV was first reported in lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, the virus was also found in conventional adenocarcinomas. In the present study, 53 gastric carcinomas diagnosed in São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for EBV infection by non-isotopic in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe (Biotin-AGACACCGTCCTCACCACCC GGGACTTGTA) directed to the viral transcript EBER-I, which is actively expressed in EBV latently infected cells. EBV infection was found in 6 of 53 (11.32%) gastric carcinomas, mostly from male patients (66.7%), with a mean age of 59 years old. Most EBV-positive tumors were in gastric antrum. Two EBV-positive tumors (33.3%) were conventional adenocarcinomas, whereas four (66.7%) were classified as lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. EBV infection in gastric carcinomas was reported elsewhere in frequencies that range from 5.6% (Korea) up to 18% (Germany). In Brazil, a previous work found EBV infection in 4 of 80 (5%) gastric carcinomas, whereas another study found 4.7 and 11.2% of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas of Brazilians of Japanese origin or not, respectively. 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genomes in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease (1989) New England Journal of Medicine, 320, pp. 502-506Jones, J.F., Shurin, S., Abramowsky, C., Tubbs, R.R., Sciotto, C.G., Wahl, R., Sands, J., Sklar, J., T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infections (1988) New England Journal of Medicine, 318, pp. 733-741Harabuchi, Y., Yamanaka, N., Kataura, A., Imai, S., Kinoshita, T., Mizuno, F., Osato, T., Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 128-130Hamilton-Dutoit, S.J., Pallesen, G., Franzmann, M.B., Karkov, J., Black, F., Skinhoj, P., Pedersen, C., AIDS-related lymphoma: Histopathology, immunophenotype, and association with Epstein-Barr virus as demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization (1991) American Journal of Pathology, 138, pp. 149-163MacMahon, E.M., Glass, J.D., Hayward, S.D., Mann, R.B., Becker, P.S., Charache, P., McArthur, J.C., Ambinder, R.F., Epstein-Barr virus in AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 969-973Wu, T.C., Mann, R.B., Epstein, J.I., MacMahon, E., Lee, W.A., Charache, P., Hayward, S.D., Ambinder, R.F., Abundant expression of EBER1 small nuclear RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A morphologically distinctive target for detection of Epstein-Barr virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinoma specimens (1991) American Journal of Pathology, 138, pp. 1461-1469Niedobitek, G., Young, L.S., Sam, C.K., Brooks, L., Prasad, U., Rickinson, A.B., Expression of Epstein-Barr virus genes and lymphocyte activation molecules in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (1992) American Journal of Pathology, 140, pp. 879-887Krishnamurthy, S., Lanier, A.P., Dohan, P., Lanier, J.F., Henle, W., Salivary gland cancer in Alaskan natives, 1966-1980 (1987) Human Pathology, 18, pp. 986-996Leyvraz, S., Henle, W., Chahinian, A.P., Perlmann, C., Klein, G., Gordon, R.E., Rosenblum, M., Holland, J.F., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with thymic carcinoma (1985) New England Journal of Medicine, 312, pp. 1296-1299Dimery, I.W., Lee, J.S., Blick, M., Pearson, G., Spitzer, G., Hong, W.K., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with lymphoepithelioma of the thymus (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 2475-2480Butler, A.E., Colby, T.V., Weiss, L., Lombard, C., Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung (1989) American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 13, pp. 632-639Burke, A.P., Yen, T.S., Shekitka, K.M., Sobin, L.H., Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the stomach with Epstein-Barr virus demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (1990) Modern Pathology, 3, pp. 377-380Min, K.W., Holmquist, S., Peiper, S.C., O'Leary, T.J., Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphoid stroma (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas) of the stomach: Report of three cases with Epstein-Barr virus genomes demonstrated by the polymerase chain reaction (1991) American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 96, pp. 219-227Shibata, D., Tokunaga, M., Uemura, Y., Sato, E., Tanaka, S., Weiss, L.M., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with undifferentiated gastric carcinoma with intense lymphoid infiltration: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (1991) American Journal of Pathology, 139, pp. 469-474Niedobitek, G., Herbst, H., Young, L.S., Rowe, M., Dienemann, D., Germer, C., Stein, H., Epstein-Barr virus and carcinomas: Expression of the viral genome in an undifferentiated gastric carcinoma (1992) Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, 1, pp. 103-108Nakamura, S., Ueki, T., Yao, T., Ueyama, T., Tsuneyoshi, M., Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (1994) Cancer, 73, pp. 2239-2249Oda, K., Tamaru, J., Takenouchi, T., Mikata, A., Nunomura, M., Saitoh, N., Sarashina, H., Nakajima, N., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (1993) American Journal of Pathology, 143, pp. 1063-1071Matsunou, H., Konishi, F., Hori, H., Ikeda, T., Sasaki, K., Hirose, Y., Yamamichi, N., Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma in Japan (1996) Cancer, 77, pp. 1998-2004Watanabe, H., Enjoji, M., Imai, T., Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: Its morphologic characteristics and prognostic correlations (1976) Cancer, 38, pp. 232-243Koriyama, C., Akiba, S., Iriya, K., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians in São Paulo (2001) Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 92, pp. 911-917(2003) Estimativas Da Incidência E Mortalidade Por Câncer, , Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilShibata, D., Weiss, L.M., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinoma (1992) American Journal of Pathology, 140, pp. 769-774Shibata, D., Hawes, D., Stemmermann, G.N., Weiss, L.M., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii (1993) Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 2, pp. 213-217Gulley, M.L., Pulitzer, D.R., Eagan, P.A., Schneider, B.G., Epstein-Barr virus infection is an early event in gastric carcinogenesis and is independent of bcl-2 expression and p53 accumulation (1996) Human Pathology, 27, pp. 20-27Herrera-Goepfert, R., Reyes, E., Hernandez-Avila, M., Mohar, A., Shinkura, R., Fujiyama, C., Akiba, S., Tokunaga, M., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Mexico: Analysis of 135 consecutive gastrectomies in two hospitals (1999) Modern Pathology, 12, pp. 873-878Tokunaga, M., Land, C.E., Uemura, Y., Tokudome, T., Tanaka, S., Sato, E., Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma (1993) American Journal of Pathology, 143, pp. 1250-1254Fukayama, M., Hayashi, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Chong, J., Ooba, T., Takizawa, T., Koike, M., Hirai, K., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus infection of the stomach (1994) Laboratory Investigation, 71, pp. 73-81Takano, Y., Kato, Y., Saegusa, M., Mori, S., Shiota, M., Masuda, M., Mikami, T., Okayasu, I., The role of the Epstein-Barr virus in the oncogenesis of EBV(+) gastric carcinomas (1999) Virchows Archives, 434, pp. 17-22Qiu, K., Tomita, Y., Hashimoto, M., Ohsawa, M., Kawano, K., Wu, D.M., Aozasa, K., Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma in Suzhou, China and Osaka, Japan: Association with clinico-pathologic factors and HLA-subtype (1997) International Journal of Cancer, 71, pp. 155-158Yuen, S.T., Chung, L.P., Leung, S.Y., Luk, I.S., Chan, S.Y., Ho, J., In situ detection of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas (1994) American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 18, pp. 1158-1163Harn, H.J., Chang, J.Y., Wang, M.W., Ho, L.I., Lee, H.S., Chiang, J.H., Lee, W.H., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Taiwan (1995) Human Pathology, 26, pp. 267-271Shin, W.S., Kang, M.W., Kang, J.H., Choi, M.K., Ahn, B.M., Kim, J.K., Sun, H.S., Min, K.W., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinomas among Koreans (1996) American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 105, pp. 174-181Chang, M.S., Lee, H.S., Kim, C.W., Kim, Y.I., Kim, W.H., Clinicopathologic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-incorporated gastric cancers in Korea (2001) Pathology, Research and Practice, 197, pp. 395-400Galetsky, S.A., Tsvetnov, W., Land, C.E., Afanasieva, T.A., Petrovichev, N.N., Gurtsevitch, V.E., Tokunaga, M., Epstein-Barr-virus-associated gastric cancer in Russia (1997) International Journal of Cancer, 73, pp. 786-789Selves, J., Bibeau, F., Brousset, P., Meggetto, F., Mazerolles, C., Voigt, J.J., Pradere, B., Delsol, G., Epstein-Barr virus latent and replicative gene expression in gastric carcinoma (1996) Histopathology, 28, pp. 121-127Ott, G., Kirchner, T., Müller-Hermelink, H.K., Monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus genome but lack of EBV-related protein expression in different types of gastric carcinoma (1994) Histopathology, 25, pp. 323-329Hayashi, K., Chen, W.G., Chen, Y.Y., Deletion of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 gene in Japanese and Brazilian gastric carcinomas, metastatic lesions, and reactive lymphocytes (1998) American Journal of Pathology, 152, pp. 191-19

Transphobia and gender identity: Social representations of trans women from brazil and colombia [Transfobia e identidade de gênero: Representações sociais de mulheres trans do brasil e colômbia]

The present research aimed to identify and discuss the social representations of trans women related to gender identity and transphobia in Brazil and Colombia. In this study participated 43 Trans women, 22 from Brazil, aged between 18 and 55 years (M=29.09, SD=8.53) and 21 from Colombia, aged between 21 and 41 years (M=28.19, SD=7.63). This study adopted a qualitative approach in which semi-structured interviews were used. The data were analyzed by the Iramuteq software, which identified the social representations in classes. The results showed what the participants understood about transphobia and how they regarded their experiences with this gender identity. The participants presented negative social representations, aiming at their personal experiences related to their social context. Themes related to violence, discrimination, prejudice, denial of rights and family support emerged from both the Brazilian and Colombian sample. Implications for Tran´s quality of life are discussed. © 2021, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved

Synthetic peptides derived from ribosomal proteins of leishmania spp. in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: Diagnostic usefulness

Background: The serological diagnostic methods currently available for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) lack specificity when complete parasites are used; however, such specificity increases when protein fractions are used. Ribosomal proteins have been reported to induce antibodies in animal and humans infected with the parasite, making them a worth candidate to assess its diagnosis potential. Objective: This study was thus aimed at evaluating synthetic peptides derived from Leishmania braziliensis ribosomal proteins S25 and S5 as antigen candidates for diagnosing MCL by ELISA Methods: It was used 8 and 13 peptides derived from ribosomal proteins 25 and S5 respectively as antigens in order to detect IgG antibodies by ELISA in people with active MCL, Chagas disease (CH) and autoimmune disease (AID). Results: 4 of these 21 peptides (P4, P6, P19 and P21) had the greatest sensitivity (21.7%, 13.04%, 20% and 20%, respectively) as well as having 95%, 100%, 100% and 82.5% specificity, respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed the limited usefulness of the peptides being studied as a diagnostic tool in the conditions used here, because its low sensitivity, but it is worth highlighting that the use of peptides as antigen in the serodiagnosis of MCL may overcome the cross reaction presented with other antigens, thus avoiding false positives

Evaluation of trace elements mobility from soils to sediments between the Iberian pyrite belt and the Atlantic Ocean

An environmental study was conducted in 193 stream sediments and 355 soil samples collected in the lower section of Guadiana River Basin to evaluate the trace elements transfer from one compartment into another. The objective was to evaluate the dispersion of Pb, Cu, Zn and other chemical elements resulting from upstream mines into the lower N-S sector of the Guadiana River Basin to the Atlantic Ocean. The area partly includes the Iberian Pyrite Belt, a known volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) province with important mining activity history. Median concentrations of the elements Cu, Pb, Zn, Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Mg, Mn and Na are generally higher in the studied sediments than in soils. Soils are normally acidic and mobility of elements is in these conditions higher. When the relations between upstream soils and downstream sediments were established, median values were higher in the upstream soils only for elements such as Co, Ni, K, Pb, Mn and Ti, probably the less mobile, and the Cu, Zn, Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg and Na have highest concentrations in the downstream sediments. Lead was considered the less mobile element and Zn the highly mobile of the base metals in the mining area of the lower Guadiana River. Dispersion of the metals, considering the studied soil and sediment samples is partially restricted to the mining areas or downstream sediments but close to the mine sources, where ore tailings and acid waters occur. Near the mouth, concentrations of As, Cu, Pb and Zn increase in relation with mining and other pollution sources. Interaction with salt water forces chemical elements precipitation from water and subsequent increase of their concentration in sediments. This may be the reason for the increase of those chemical elements concentrations in the sediment

Potential Exposure and Risk Associated with Metal Contamination in Foods

Humans require several trace elements as components of the diet. Some of these elements are required in extremely small quantities (only micrograms per day). On the other hand, in higher concentrations, some elements may also have deleterious, even lethal, effects. Metals such as arsenic, chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are naturally occurring chemical compounds. The contamination of food with these metals occurs mainly through human activities, such as farming and industry, or from contamination during food processing and storage. People can be exposed to these metals by ingesting contaminated food or water, and their accumulation in the body can lead to harmful effects over time. The main objective of this chapter is to provide a literature review on the various types of foodborne poisoning caused by the contamination of food with arsenic, Cr, Pb, and Hg and on food safety issues associated with the presence of these metals in food. Research findings from various studies carried out to examine the relationship between metal exposure and the adverse health effects of metals are addressed