Promotion du dépistage des infections à Chlamydia Trachomatis auprès des adolescents: une revue de littératiure étoffée

Ce travail a pour but d’effectuer un état des lieux des connaissances et des méthodes actuelles sur la promotion du dépistage de la CT. De plus, il est intéressant de savoir quelle est l’investissement ainsi que le rôle de l’infirmier face à cette problématique ceci afin de trouver des stratégies permettant d’adapter le rôle et la pratique infirmière et d’intégrer de nouvelles approches pour le métier

LA SALUD MENTAL DE PACIENTES DERMATOLÓGICOS EN ATENDIMENTO HOSPITALAR

Delimitando e protegendo a individualidade, a pele é o principal meio de contato do sujeito com o mundo exterior. Conflitos e emoções podem se manifestar através do corpo e da pele, tornando-se visíveis e suscetíveis às reações sociais que muitas vezes são de preconceito e discriminação. O impacto dessas relações pode intensificar sintomas psicossomáticos e desencadear comorbidades como ansiedade e depressão, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes dermatológicos. Mesmo que as manifestações dermatológicas não sejam desencadeadas por fatores psíquicos, podem ser agravadas por estes, alterando a resposta do organismo a tratamentos. Há que se considerar ainda, que algumas doenças podem resultar da pobreza e prevalecer nestas condições, ou ainda gerar pobreza, colaborando para a manutenção da desigualdade social. Uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com o intuito de compreender o impacto psicológico das dermatoses na qualidade de vida dos acometidos. Considerando o cuidado que estes pacientes devem receber para que tenham uma melhora em sua relação consigo e com o meio social, contribuindo para a melhoria da sua qualidade de vida, a revisão bibliográfica abrangeu os métodos de intervenção psicossocial de Cinematerapia e de Rodas de Conversa, como estratégia terapêutica complementar dentro do ambiente hospitalar. Por meio de filmes que são ferramentas acessíveis, é possível propor reflexões sobre o tema, com debates sobre autoimagem, autoestima e aceitação, permitindo espaço para acolhimento e troca de vivências.Delimiting and protecting the individuality, the skin is the main means of contact of the subject with the outside world. Conflicts and emoticons may manifest themselves through the body and skin, becoming visible and susceptible to social reactions that are often of prejudice and discrimination. The impact of these relations can intensify psychosomatic symptoms and trigger comorbidities such as anxiety and depression, directly interfering in the quality of life of dermatological patients. Even if the dermatological manifestations are not triggered by psychic factors, they can be aggravated by these, altering the body's response to treatments. It should also be considered that some diseases may arise from poverty and prevail in these conditions, or even generate poverty, contributing to the maintenance of social inequality. A literature review was carried out in order to understand the psychological impact of dermatosis on the quality of life of those affected. Considering the care these patients should receive to improve their relationship with themselves and with the social environment, contributing to the improvement of their quality of life, the literature review covered the psychosocial intervention methods of Cinematherapy and Dialogue circles, as complementary therapeutic strategies within the hospital environment. Through films that are accessible tools, it is possible to propose reflections on the theme, with debates about self-image, self-esteem and acceptance, allowing space for welcoming and exchanging experiences.Delimitando y protegiendo la individualidad, la piel es el principal medio de contacto del sujeto con el mundo exterior. Conflictos y emociones pueden manifestarse a través del cuerpo y de la piel, tornándose visibles y susceptibles a reacciones sociales en muchos casos prejuiociosas y discriminatorias. El impacto de estas relaciones puede intensificar síntomas psicossomáticos y desencadenar comorbilidades como ansiedad y depresión, de esta forma impactando directamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes dermatológicos. Aun en los casos en que las manifestaciones dermatológicas no tengan como causa factores psíquicos, pueden ser agravadas por los mismos, alterando la respuesta del organismo a los tratamientos.  Se debe considerar también que algunas enfermedades pueden ser resultado de condiciones de pobreza y prevalecer en estas condiciones, o en algunos casos intensificar estas condiciones de vulnerabilidad, colaborando para el mantenimiento de la desigualdad social. Fue realizada una revisión de bibliografía con la intención de comprender el impacto psicológico de las dermatosis en la calidad de vida de los afectados. Considerando el cuidado que estos pacientes deben recibir para que evidencien una mejora en su relación consigo e con su medio social, contribuyendo para una mejora de su calidad de vida, la revisión bibliográfica abarcó los métodos de intervención psicosocial de Cinematerapia y Rondas de conversación, como estrategia terapéutica complementar dentro del ambiente hospitalar. A través de películas, que son recursos accesibles, es posible proponer reflexiones sobre el tema, incluyendo debates sobre auto-imagen, autoestima y aceptación, promoviendo un espacio de acogida e intercambio de vivencias

Eukaryotic penelope-like retroelements encode hammerhead ribozyme motifs

[EN] Small self-cleaving RNAs, such as the paradigmatic Hammerhead ribozyme (HHR), have been recently found widespread in DNA genomes across all kingdoms of life. In this work, we found that new HHR variants are preserved in the ancient family of Penelope-like elements (PLEs), a group of eukaryotic retrotransposons regarded as exceptional for encoding telomerase-like retrotranscriptases and spliceosomal introns. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed not only the presence of minimalist HHRs in the two flanking repeats of PLEs but also their massive and widespread occurrence in metazoan genomes. The architecture of these ribozymes indicates that they may work as dimers, although their low self-cleavage activity in vitro suggests the requirement of other factors in vivo. In plants, however, PLEs show canonical HHRs, whereas fungi and protist PLEs encode ribozyme variants with a stable active conformation as monomers. Overall, our data confirm the connection of self-cleaving RNAs with eukaryotic retroelements and unveil these motifs as a significant fraction of the encoded information in eukaryotic genomes.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (grant number BFU2011-23398).Cervera Olagüe, A.; La Peña Del Rivero, MD. (2014). Eukaryotic penelope-like retroelements encode hammerhead ribozyme motifs. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31(11):2941-2947. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu232S29412947311

Expression of Drosophila virilis Retroelements and Role of Small RNAs in Their Intrastrain Transposition

Transposition of two retroelements (Ulysses and Penelope) mobilized in the course of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila virilis has been investigated by in situ hybridization on polytene chromosomes in two D. virilis strains of different cytotypes routinely used to get dysgenic progeny. The analysis has been repeatedly performed over the last two decades, and has revealed transpositions of Penelope in one of the strains, while, in the other strain, the LTR-containing element Ulysses was found to be transpositionally active. The gypsy retroelement, which has been previously shown to be transpositionally inactive in D. virilis strains, was also included in the analysis. Whole mount is situ hybridization with the ovaries revealed different subcellular distribution of the transposable elements transcripts in the strains studied. Ulysses transpositions occur only in the strain where antisense piRNAs homologous to this TE are virtually absent and the ping-pong amplification loop apparently does not take place. On the other hand small RNAs homologous to Penelope found in the other strain, belong predominantly to the siRNA category (21nt), and consist of sense and antisense species observed in approximately equal proportion. The number of Penelope copies in the latter strain has significantly increased during the last decades, probably because Penelope-derived siRNAs are not maternally inherited, while the low level of Penelope-piRNAs, which are faithfully transmitted from mother to the embryo, is not sufficient to silence this element completely. Therefore, we speculate that intrastrain transposition of the three retroelements studied is controlled predominantly at the post-transcriptional level

Pregnancy outcomes and cytomegalovirus DNAaemia in HIV infected pregnant women with CMV

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Rate , correlates and outcomes of repeat pregnancy in HIV-infected women

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the rate, determinants, and outcomes of repeat pregnancies in women with HIV infection. Methods: Data from a national study of pregnant women with HIV infection were used. Main outcomes were preterm delivery, low birth weight, CD4 cell count and HIV plasma viral load. Results: The rate of repeat pregnancy among 3007 women was 16.2%. Women with a repeat pregnancy were on average younger than those with a single pregnancy (median age 30 vs. 33 years, respectively), more recently diagnosed with HIV infection (median time since diagnosis 25 vs. 51 months, respectively), and more frequently of foreign origin [odds ratio (OR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.68], diagnosed with HIV infection in the current pregnancy (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.35–2.11), and at their first pregnancy (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06–1.66). In women with sequential pregnancies, compared with the first pregnancy, several outcomes showed a significant improvement in the second pregnancy, with a higher rate of antiretroviral treatment at conception (39.0 vs. 65.4%, respectively), better median maternal weight at the start of pregnancy (60 vs. 61 kg, respectively), a higher rate of end-of-pregnancy undetectable HIV RNA (60.7 vs. 71.6%, respectively), a higher median birth weight (2815 vs. 2885 g, respectively), lower rates of preterm delivery (23.0 vs. 17.7%, respectively) and of low birth weight (23.4 vs. 15.4%, respectively), and a higher median CD4 cell count (+47 cells/μL), with almost no clinical progression to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage C (CDC-C) HIV disease (0.3%). The second pregnancy was significantly more likely to end in voluntary termination than the first pregnancy (11.4 vs. 6.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Younger and foreign women were more likely to have a repeat pregnancy; in women with sequential pregnancies, the second pregnancy was characterized by a significant improvement in several outcomes, suggesting that women with HIV infection who desire multiple children may proceed safely and confidently with subsequent pregnancies

Good prenatal detection rate of major birth defects in HIV-infected pregnant women in Italy

What's already known about this topic? Exposure to antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy does not seem to increase the risk of birth defects, but there is no information on the rate of prenatal detection of such defects. What does this study adds? We provide for the first time, in a national case series, information about prenatal detection rate in women with HIV (51.6% for any major defect, 66.7% for chromosomal abnormalities, and 85% for severe structural defect