367 research outputs found
Thickness of the strangelet-crystal crust of a strange star
It has recently been pointed out that if the surface tension of quark matter
is low enough, the surface of a strange star will be a crust consisting of a
crystal of charged strangelets in a neutralizing background of electrons. This
affects the behavior of the surface, and must be taken into account in efforts
to observationally rule out strange stars. We calculate the thickness of this
``mixed phase'' crust, taking into account the effects of surface tension and
Debye screening of electric charge. Our calculation uses a generic
parametrization of the equation of state of quark matter. For a reasonable
range of quark matter equations of state, and surface tension of order a few
MeV/fm^2, we find that the preferred crystal structure always involves
spherical strangelets, not rods or slabs of quark matter. We find that for a
star of radius 10 km and mass 1.5 Msolar, the strangelet-crystal crust can be
from zero to hundreds of meters thick, the thickness being greater when the
strange quark is heavier, and the surface tension is smaller. For smaller quark
stars the crust will be even thicker.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
Analysis of Quark Mixing Using Binary Tetrahedral Flavor Symmetry
Using the binary tetrahedral group , the three angles and phase of the
quark CKM mixing matrix are pursued by symmetry-breaking which involves
-doublet VEVs and the Chen-Mahanthappa CP-violation mechanism. The
NMRTM, Next-to-Minimal-Renormalizable -T-Model is described, and
its one parameter comparison to experimental data is explored.Comment: 14 pages latex. Two .eps figures include
A Student Assistance Programs Model
The purpose of this study was to develop a manual detailing the components of Student Assistance Programs in the Olympia School District. The manual would be useful to a school district or a high school intent on establishing Student Assistance Programs. The development of the manual was beneficial to the Olympia School District due to fact that Student Assistance Programs were established at the two high schools, Capital High School and Olympia High School in 1991. A vice-principal and a key staff member from Capital High School attended workshops and conducted research on what type of program would address the needs of at-risk students. The outcome was the formation of Student Assistance Programs. The result of this study was a manual titled, A Student Assistance Programs Model
Binary Tetrahedral Flavor Symmetry
A study of the T' Model and its variants utilizing Binary Tetrahedral Flavor
Symmetry. We begin with a description of the historical context and motivations
for this theory, together with some conceptual background for added clarity,
and an account of our theory's inception in previous works. Our model endeavors
to bridge two categories of particles, leptons and quarks, a unification made
possible by the inclusion of additional Higgs particles, shared between the two
fermion sectors and creating a single coherent system. This is achieved through
the use of the Binary Tetrahedral symmetry group and an investigation of the
Tribimaximal symmetry evidenced by neutrinos. Our work details perturbations
and extensions of this T' Model as we apply our framework to neutrino mixing,
quark mixing, unification, and dark matter. Where possible, we evaluate model
predictions against experimental results and find excellent matching with the
atmospheric and reactor neutrino mixing angles, an accurate prediction of the
Cabibbo angle, and a dark matter candidate that remains outside the limits of
current tests. Additionally, we include mention of a number of unanswered
questions and remaining areas of interest for future study. Taken together, we
believe these results speak to the promising potential of finite groups and
flavor symmetries to act as an approximation of nature.Comment: PhD thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, April 201
Has the time come for an older driver vehicle?
The population of the world is growing older. As people grow older they are more likely to
experience declines that can make operating a personal automobile more difficult. Once driving
abilities begin to decline, older adults are often faced with decreased mobility. Due to the preference
for and pervasiveness of the personal automobile for satisfying mobility needs, there is a global
necessity to keep older adults driving for as long as they can safely do so. In this report we explore the
question: Has the time come for an older driver vehicle? Great gains in safe mobility could be made by
designing automobiles that take into account, and help overcome, some of the deficits in abilities
common in older people. The report begins by providing a background and rationale for an older driver
vehicle, including discussions of relevant trends, age-related declines in functional abilities, and the
adverse consequences of decreased mobility. The next section discusses research and issues related to
vehicle design and advanced technology with respect to older drivers. The next section explores
crashworthiness issues and the unique requirements for older adults. The following section discusses
the many issues related to marketing a vehicle that has been designed for older drivers. The report
concludes that there is a clear global opportunity to improve the safety, mobility, and quality of life of
older adults by designing vehicles and vehicle technologies that help overcome common age-related
deficits. The marketing of these vehicles to older consumers, however, will be challenging and will
likely require further market research. The development of vehicle design features, new automotive
technologies, and crashworthiness systems in the future should be guided by both knowledge of the
effects of frailty/fragility of the elderly on crash outcomes, as well as knowledge of common drivingrelated
declines in psychomotor, visual, and cognitive abilities. Design strategies that allow for some
degree of customization may be particularly beneficial. It is clear that training and education efforts for
using new vehicle features will need to be improved.The University of Michigan Sustainable Worldwide Transportationhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89960/1/102821.pd
A new marine ecosystem model for the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model
Earth System Climate Models (ESCMs) are valuable tools that can be used to gain a better understanding of the climate system, global biogeochemical cycles and how anthropogenically-driven changes may affect them. Here we describe improvements made to the marine biogeochemical ecosystem component of the University of Victoria's ESCM (version 2.9). Major changes include corrections to the code and equations describing phytoplankton light limitation and zooplankton grazing, the implementation of a more realistic zooplankton growth and grazing model, and the implementation of an iron limitation scheme to constrain phytoplankton growth. The new model is evaluated after a 10 000-yr spin-up and compared to both the previous version and observations. For the majority of biogeochemical tracers and ecosystem processes the new model shows significant improvements when compared to the previous version and evaluated against observations. Many of the improvements are due to better simulation of seasonal changes in higher latitude ecosystems and the effect that this has on ocean biogeochemistry. This improved model is intended to provide a basic new ESCM model component, which can be used as is or expanded upon (i.e., the addition of new tracers), for climate change and biogeochemical cycling research
Quartification with T' Flavor
In the simplest (non-quiver) unified theories, fermion families are often
treated sequentially and a flavor symmetry may act similarly. As an alternative
with non-sequential flavor symmetry, we consider a model based on the group
(T'*Z_2)_global * [SU(3)^4]_local which combines the predictions of T' flavor
symmetry with the features of a unified quiver gauge theory. The model
accommodates the relationships between mixing angles separately for neutrinos,
and for quarks, which have been previously predicted with T'. This quiver
unification theory makes predictions of several additional gauge bosons and
bifundamental fermions at the TeV scale.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex; added references and clarifie
An On-the-Road Comparison of In-Vehicle Navigation Assistance Systems
We compared system performance and driver opinion of 3 in-vehicle navigation aids - two advanced traveler information systems (ATISs; Ali-Scout and TetraStar) and written instructions - when used on the road concurrently under identical conditions. Few drivers in the study had difficulty finding initial routes or became lost. Users of Ali-Scout, an ATIS that utilizes traffic information in routing, drove longer-distance routes, got lost more frequently, and gave their system less positive ratings than did TetraStar users. Users of the 2 ATISs traversed routes that were significantly shorter in duration than those driven by users of written instructions. The time savings benefit of the advanced technology systems over written instructions was greatest during peak traffic conditions. Drivers who were familiar with the road network, overall, had less difficulty finding destinations and drove shorter-duration routes than drivers who were unfamiliar with the road network. Actual or potential applications of this research include improving the design of technologies that provide navigation assistance to travelers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67382/2/10.1518_001872099779591222.pd
[The effects of standard safety belt enforcement on police harassment: year two annual report]
Notes: Yearly report: June 2002Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92)Full Text: Occupant ProtectionMichigan Department of State, Lansinghttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/1494/2/95901.0001.001.pd
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