Itinéraire de l'évaluation d'un film par le spectateur au cinéma (les chemins de la déception)

Singularité et bien d expérience, le film est source de grands plaisirs et de nombreuses déceptions qui participent à la construction de la carrière cinématographique des spectateurs. Alors que l industrie cinématographique cherche à satisfaire le goût du public, les recherches sociologiques et économiques sur le cinéma se sont peu intéressées à la construction de la satisfaction et insatisfaction dans le temps.Cette thèse se propose de montrer que le degré de satisfaction est le résultat d'un processus qui commence avant la projection et s'achève bien après celle-ci. C est un parcours personnel et social qui conduit le spectateur à rencontrer trois oeuvres : le film attendu, le film interprété et le film-souvenir. Elle constitue une approche de la manière dont ces trois représentations mettent en jeu les schémas personnels du spectateur et les influences externes auxquelles il est soumis. Elle s appuie sur une analyse théorique pluridisciplinaire ainsi que sur des cas pratiques construits à partir de données :- qualitatives (tirées de 22 séries de quatre entretiens rapportant l opinion de spectateurs sur le film Solaris - de Steven Soderbergh avant et après la projection),- quantitatives (à partir d une base de données portant sur 577 films répartis sur 11 genres différents)A movie is at once a work of experience and a singularity. It can be a source of pleasure or disappointment and such emotions are part and parcel of the spectator s cinematographic journey. While the movie industry seeks to please the public, sociological and economic research have focused very little on the development of spectator satisfaction over time.This thesis aims at demonstrating that the degree of satisfaction is the result of a process that starts before the screening and ends well after it. This personal and social process leads the spectator to meet three representations: the expected movie, the interpreted movie and the souvenir-movie. We will thus carry out a theoretical multi-disciplinary analysis of the way in which these representations of film reflect on the spectator s inner schemata and external influences, as well as a practical case study based on the following types of data:- qualitative (from 22 series of four interviews about the spectators opinions of Steven Soderbergh s movie Solaris, before and after the screening),- quantitative (from a data base of 577 movies of 11 different genres)AVIGNON-Bib. numérique (840079901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prescription of antibiotics and anxiolytics/hypnotics to asthmatic patients in general practice: a cross-sectional study based on French and Italian prescribing data

BACKGROUND Asthma is often poorly controlled and guidelines are often inadequately followed in medical practice. In particular, the prescription of non-asthma-specific drugs can affect the quality of care. The goal of this study was to measure the frequency of the prescription of antibiotics and anxiolytics/hypnotics to asthmatic patients and to look for associations between sex or age and the prescription of these drugs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using computerised medical records from French and Italian general practitioners' networks. Patients were selected according to criteria adapted from the HEDIS (Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set) criteria. The outcome measure was the number of antibiotics or anxiolytics/hypnotics prescriptions per patient in 1 year. Parallel multivariate models were developed. RESULTS The final sample included 3,093 French patients (mean age 27.6 years, 49.7% women) and 3,872 Italian patients (mean age 29.1 years, 48.7% women). In the univariate analysis, the French patients were prescribed fewer antibiotics than the Italian patients (37.1% vs. 42.2%, p < 0.00001) but more anxiolytics/hypnotics (17.8% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.0001). In the multivariate models, the female patients were more likely to receive antibiotics (odds ratio: 1.5 [1.3-1.7]) and anxiolytics/hypnotics (odds ratio: 1.8 [1.5-2.1]). CONCLUSIONS The prescription of antibiotics and anxiolytics/hypnotics to asthmatic patients is frequent, especially in women. Asthma guidelines should address this issue by referring to other guidelines covering the prescription of non-asthma-specific drugs, and alternative non-pharmacological interventions should be considered

Theoretical study of Diesel fuel reforming by a non-thermal arc discharge

International audienceNitrogen oxides are in the center of future EURO VI norm, the European anti-pollution norm namely for Diesel powered vehicles. NOx (NO, NO2,...) are very irritant pollutants for people and are considered as tropospherical ozone precursors. Their effect is observed when ozone peak pollution is noticed during rush hours. A promising post-treatment technology is to add a NOx trap in exhaust line to store NOx under nitrate form. An alternative to fuel-air ratio increase and catalytic tech-nologies purge is the use of non-thermal plasma. Plasma reforming of diesel fuel and exhaust gas mix-ture creates reducing chemical species like hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are able to purge the NOx trap

Non-equilibrium plasma assisted hydrogen production : state-of-the-art

http://icpig2007.ipp.cas.cz/files/download/cd-cko/ICPIG2007/pdf/3P16-46.pdfInternational audienc

Characterization of a low current-high voltage air arc discharge at high pressure

http://icpig2007.ipp.cas.cz/files/download/cd-cko/ICPIG2007/pdf/3P10-97.pdfInternational audienc

Plasma assisted fuel reforming for on-board hydrogen rich gas production

Texte disponible en suivant le lien ci-dessous : http://www.cder.dz/A2H2/Medias/Download/Proc%20PDF/PARALLEL%20SESSIONS/%5BS06%5D%20Production%20-%20Hydrocarbons/14-06-06/162.pdfInternational audiencePlasma assisted fuel reforming technology appears particularly attractive for automotive applications, especially regarding compactness, response time and absence of catalyst element. In 2003, Renault and CEP have initiated a research programme on this subject. A test bench allowing reformer feeding with different fuel / air / steam mixtures and coupled with a gas composition analysis system has been especially developed for this application. Preliminary results obtained under partial oxidation condition (H2O/C: 0) have been carried out with unleaded gasoline at atmospheric pressure and around 1500 °C reactor temperature. Under these conditions, a 45 % fuel reforming efficiency was obtained (taking into account the electric power needed to generate the plasma and corresponding to H2 and CO production). Besides, numerical models have allowed a better understanding of the reaction phenomena in the plasma reactor

Optimisation de la géométrie d'une torche plasma pour le réformage de l'essence

International audienceL'hydrogène est potentiellement considéré comme un vecteur énergétique du futur, se substituant aux hydrocarbures liquides actuels. La production d'hydrogène embarquée par exemple pour l'alimentation d'une pile à combustible reste néanmoins un enjeu technologique de taille

On px2+q2n=yppx^2 + q^{2n}= y^p and related Diophantine equations

The title equation, where $p>3$ is a prime number $\not\equiv 7 \pmod 8$, $q$ is an odd prime number and $x,y,n$ are positive integers with $x,y$ relatively prime, is studied. When $p\equiv 3\pmod 8$, we prove (Theorem 2.3) that there are no solutions. For $p\not\equiv 3\pmod 8$ the treatment of the equation turns out to be a difficult task. We focus our attention to $p=5$, by reason of an article by F. Abu Muriefah, published in this journal, vol. 128 (2008), 1670-1675. Our main result concerning this special equation is Theorem 1.1, whose proof is based on results around the Diophantine equation $5x^2-4=y^n$ (integer solutions), interesting in themselves, which are exposed in Sections 3 and 4. These last results are obtained by using tools such as Linear Forms in Two Logarithms and Hypergeometric Series.Comment: 23 pages, second version with minor revision

Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea in the evaluation of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a multicenter cohort study

International audienceINTRODUCTION: Several factors, including diuretic use and sepsis, interfere with the fractional excretion of sodium, which is used to distinguish transient from persistent acute kidney injury (AKI). These factors do not affect the fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea). However, there are conflicting data on the diagnostic accuracy of FeUrea. METHODS: We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter study at three ICUs in university hospitals. Unselected patients, except those with obstructive AKI, were admitted to the participating ICUs during a six-month period. Transient AKI was defined as AKI caused by renal hypoperfusion and reversal within three days. The results are reported as medians (interquartile ranges). RESULTS: A total of 203 patients were included. According to our definitions, 67 had no AKI, 54 had transient AKI and 82 had persistent AKI. FeUrea was 39% (28 to 40) in the no-AKI group, 41% (29 to 54) in the transient AKI group and 32% (22 to 51) in the persistent AKI group (P = 0.12). FeUrea was of little help in distinguishing transient AKI from persistent AKI, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve being 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.70; P = 0.06). Sensitivity was 63% and specificity was 54% with a cutoff of 35%. In the subgroup of patients receiving diuretics, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS: FeUrea may be of little help in distinguishing transient AKI from persistent AKI in critically ill patients, including those receiving diuretic therapy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate alternative markers or strategies to differentiate transient from persistent AKI

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia

In an international cohort of 279 patients with hypoxemic influenza pneumonia, we identified 13 patients (4.6%) with autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha and/or -omega, which were previously reported to underlie 15% cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia and one third of severe adverse reactions to live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-omega (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-alpha 2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-omega. The patients' autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients 70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-omega (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 x 10(-5)), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 x 10(-10)). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for similar to 5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old