Estruturação da vigilância epidemiológica e manejo populacional de suídeos asselvajados (Sus scrofa) para área livre de peste suína clássica do Brasil.

Suplemento 2, ref. 30. Edição dos Resumos do 3 Encontro Nacional de Defesa Sanitária Animal, Foz de Iguaçu, dez. 2013

Elevation drives taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity of phyllostomid bats in the Amazon biome

Aim: We evaluated the relative importance of geographical and environment variables for taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional β-diversity of phyllostomid bats along the entire Amazon biome and specifically in the lowlands. Location: Amazon biome. Taxon: Chiroptera. Methods: We carried out a bibliographic review and compiled a wide and unprecedented database of 106 phyllostomid bat species at 102 sites throughout the Amazon biome. For all possible pairs of sites in both datasets, we estimated the Jaccard pairwise dissimilarity, that is, β-diversity, considering its three dimensions—taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional—for its two components—turnover (substitution of species) and differences in species richness. The association between dissimilarity measurements and geographical and environment variables was assessed using multiple regressions on distance matrices (MRM). Results: We found that turnover and differences in species richness had similar contributions to the taxonomic β-diversity. However, for phylogenetic and functional β-diversity, lineages and functions richness differences contribute slightly more than turnover for total β-diversity. In the lowlands, species, lineages and functions richness differences were slightly higher than turnover for all diversity dimensions. When accounting for all the sites, elevation was the main predictor of phyllostomid bats' taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional turnover. For lowland sites, ecoregions was the main (but relatively weak) predictor associated with all β-diversity dimensions. Main conclusions: Analysis of filtering sites according to elevation revealed that species in the Amazonian lowlands are taxonomically and phylogenetically different from species in the Andes, and present taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional redundancy between assemblages. When accounting for the whole range of distribution of bats, results showed the predominant effect of elevation over other geographical and environmental predictors. This indicates that the diversity of good dispersers such as bats is more affected by specialisation along environment and climatic gradients than by geographical barriers throughout the Amazon biomeBat Conservation International; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; National Geographic Society; Neotropical Grassland Conservancy; Rufford Foundatio

Bancos versus cooperativas de crédito: um estudo dos índices de eficiência e receita da prestação de serviços entre 2002 e 2012

O presente estudo apresenta caráter descritivo e visa analisar o índice de eficiência e a evolução das receitas de prestação de serviços das cooperativas de crédito em comparação às instituições bancárias privadas e públicas. Segundo dados do Banco Central do Brasil, a relação PIB/crédito situou-se em 55,5% no ano de 2012, entretanto, ainda não se compara a países desenvolvidos, que atinge patamares acima de 100%. A amostra consiste nas maiores instituições bancárias e cooperativistas selecionadas de acordo com o critério "ativo total", totalizando uma média de 69,31% para as instituições bancárias e 61,33% para as cooperativas de crédito. Para análise das variáveis foram empregados índices de eficiência, análise vertical e horizontal das receitas de prestação de serviço no período entre 2002 e 2012. O índice de eficiência é um importante indicador, pois relaciona os insumos aplicados na produção e os produtos obtidos nesse processo. A análise das rendas com prestação de serviços é significativa, pois tem se mostrado cada vez mais relevante no desempenho financeiro das instituições financeiras. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os índices de eficiência dos bancos privados apresentaram os maiores níveis entre os segmentos analisados, seguidos pelos bancos públicos e, por fim, pelas cooperativas de crédito. A predominância dos bancos privados não foi abalada nos anos de crise, ao contrário dos bancos públicos, que foram ultrapassados pelo segmento cooperativista de crédito nos anos de 2008-2009 e 2012. Diante das contas que formam o índice, constatou-se que, até 2006, o comprometimento do RBIF com as despesas estruturais nas cooperativas foi semelhante ao verificado nos bancos públicos, porém maior do que o dos bancos privados. Tal comportamento se diferenciou entre os anos de 2007-2010 e 2012, quando esse indicador apresentou queda significativa no segmento cooperativista. Por fim, nas evoluções horizontal e vertical verificou-se que, apesar do crescimento significativo registrado pelas cooperativas de crédito e da convergência no grau de participação entre os segmentos, a participação das receitas de prestação de serviço ainda é maior no segmento bancário do que no cooperativista de crédito. Esse fato pode representar um elemento de potencialidade a ser explorado pelas cooperativas na busca pela eficiência

The role of environmental filtering, geographic distance and dispersal barriers in shaping the turnover of plant and animal species in Amazonia

To determine the effect of rivers, environmental conditions, and isolation by distance on the distribution of species in Amazonia. Location: Brazilian Amazonia. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Birds, fishes, bats, ants, termites, butterflies, ferns + lycophytes, gingers and palms. We compiled a unique dataset of biotic and abiotic information from 822 plots spread over the Brazilian Amazon. We evaluated the effects of environment, geographic distance and dispersal barriers (rivers) on assemblage composition of animal and plant taxa using multivariate techniques and distance- and raw-data-based regression approaches. Environmental variables (soil/water), geographic distance, and rivers were associated with the distribution of most taxa. The wide and relatively old Amazon River tended to determine differences in community composition for most biological groups. Despite this association, environment and geographic distance were generally more important than rivers in explaining the changes in species composition. The results from multi-taxa comparisons suggest that variation in community composition in Amazonia reflects both dispersal limitation (isolation by distance or by large rivers) and the adaptation of species to local environmental conditions. Larger and older river barriers influenced the distribution of species. However, in general this effect is weaker than the effects of environmental gradients or geographical distance at broad scales in Amazonia, but the relative importance of each of these processes varies among biological groups

Influence of oxidative stress and alpha tocopherol supplementation on urothelial cells of the urinary bladder in ovariectomised rats

The present study was designed to investigate whether vitamin E supplementation would influence the levels of oxidative stress and the damage to urothelial cell DNA in the bladders of castrated rats. A total of 30 rats of the Wistar breed were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Group 1 underwent a sham procedure and was killed after 30 days; group 2 underwent bilateral oophorectomy and was killed after 30 days without receiving vitamin E supplementation and group 3 underwent bilateral oophorectomy and received vitamin E supplementation at a dose of 1,000 IU/kg once a week intra-muscularly for 30 days. Four weeks after the procedure, the rats were anesthetised and their bladders were rapidly removed, frozen and stored at -70 degrees C for Comet assaying, which was carried out on lymphocytes and vesicular urothelium cells. the 8-isoprostane concentration in plasma was also determined to confirm the presence of oxidative stress. the 8-isoprostane levels found were higher in oophorectomised rats that had not received vitamin E supplementation than in the sham group and the oophorectomised group with vitamin replacement. Tail moment analysis on the urothelial cells demonstrated that the oophorectomised group presented DNA damage that was statistically significant in comparison with the other groups. On the basis of the above data, vitamin E decreased the effects of oophorectomy on lipid peroxidation and avoided the DNA damage observed in urothelial cells.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Geriatr Urol Serv, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Geriatr Urol Serv, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc