2,808 research outputs found
Enterovirus and Bacterial Evaluation of Mississippi Oysters
The numbers of enteric viruses and fecal coliform bacteria in oysters and water samples collected along the Mississippi Gulf coast during 1979 were determined. Ten viral isolates, representing members of the poliovirus group, were identified from an approved oyster harvesting site. The number of virus isolations increased to 51 when oysters were collected from a prohibited harvesting location. The majority of isolates were identified as poliovirus type 1 or 2, coxsackievirus B3 and B4, and echovirus type 24. Fecal coliforms in water samples collected at approved and prohibited locations confirmed the classification assigned to each area by the Mississippi State Board of Health. The numbers of fecal coliforms in oyster samples collected at the identical sites did not reflect the levels observed in water samples. There was no positive correlation between indicator bacteria in the water column and the number of viruses in the shellfish examined. These results imply that viral analyses of shellfish may be needed as an adjunct to bacteriological analyses so that shellfish safety is verified
Enterovirus and Bacterial Evaluation of Mississippi Oysters
The numbers of enteric viruses and fecal coliform bacteria in oysters and water samples collected along the Mississippi Gulf coast during 1979 were determined. Ten viral isolates, representing members of the poliovirus group, were identified from an approved oyster harvesting site. The number of virus isolations increased to 51 when oysters were collected from a prohibited harvesting location. The majority of isolates were identified as poliovirus type 1 or 2, coxsackievirus B3 and B4, and echovirus type 24. Fecal coliforms in water samples collected at approved and prohibited locations confirmed the classification assigned to each area by the Mississippi State Board of Health. The numbers of fecal coliforms in oyster samples collected at the identical sites did not reflect the levels observed in water samples. There was no positive correlation between indicator bacteria in the water column and the number of viruses in the shellfish examined. These results imply that viral analyses of shellfish may be needed as an adjunct to bacteriological analyses so that shellfish safety is verified
Growth, mortality and recruitment of Omani abalone (Haliotis mariae)
Historical length-frequency data of Oman abalone (Haliotis mariae) from two areas (Sadh and Hadbin) of the Dhofar coast of the Sultanate of Oman were used to estimate growth parameters by nonlinear least square fitting. The results were verified using the ELEFAN I program and then combined to calculate total mortality (Z) and recruitment patterns. The growth parameters values with combined sexes were L sub( infinity ) = 137 mm shell length (SL), K = 0.75 year super(1) and 1.57 year super(1) on Sadh male and female, respectively. The female Z value in Hadbin was 1.55 year super(1) in 1989/90. The 1991 Z value for combined sexes were 2.37 year super(1) in Sadh and 1.66 year super(1) in Hadbin, showing much higher fishing pressure in recent years. There were two recruitment pulses, a major one in January and a minor one in May
Fully biodegradable and biocompatible emulsion template polymer scaffolds by thiol-acrylate polymerisation of polycaprolactone macropolymers
The emulsion templating process offers a route to highly porous polymers with well-defined morphologies. This study describes the preparation of such porous polymers (polyHIPEs) via the photopolymerization of a multi-functional thiol and polycaprolactone macromonomer. The resulting materials have nominal porosities of 90% and 95%, and are seen to have an interconnected pore morphology, with an average pore diameter of approximately 60 μm. Initial biocompatibility assessments with fibroblast cells (L929) have shown that the polymers are capable of supporting cell growth over 7 days and degradation products are non-toxic to cells up to a concentration of 0.1 mg ml−1
Growth, mortality and recruitment of Omani abalone (Haliotis mariae)
Growth, Mortality, Recruitment, Gatropod fisheries, Statistical analysis, Sri Lanka, Haliotis mariae
VNIR Multispectral Observations of Rocks at Spirit of St. Louis Crater and Marathon Valley on Th Rim of Endeavour Crater Made by the Opportunity Rover Pancam
The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has been exploring the western rim of the 22 km diameter Endeavour crater since August, 2011. Recently, Opportunity has reached a break in the Endeavour rim that the rover team has named Mara-thon Valley. This is the site where orbital observations from the MRO CRISM imaging spectrometer indicated the presence of iron smectites. On the outer western portion of Marathon Valley, Opportunity explored the crater-form feature dubbed Spirit of St. Louis (SoSL) crater. This presentation describes the 430 to 1009 nm (VNIR) reflectance, measured by the rover's Pancam, of rock units present both at Spirit of St. Louis and within Marathon Valley
Genome-wide association study of peripheral neuropathy with D-drug-containing regimens in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384.
Stavudine (d4T) was, until recently, one of the most widely prescribed antiretroviral drugs worldwide. While there has been a major shift away from d4T use in resource-limited countries, a large number of patients have previously received (or continue to receive) d4T, and many have developed peripheral neuropathy. The identification of genetic predictors of increased risk might suggest novel therapeutic targets for such patients. In AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384, antiretroviral-naïve patients were randomized to d4T/didanosine (ddI)- or zidovudine/lamivudine-containing regimens. Data from d4T/ddI recipients were analyzed for genome-wide associations (approximately 1 million genetic loci) with new onset distal sensory peripheral neuropathy. Analyses involved 254 patients (49 % White, 34 % Black, 17 % Hispanic), comprising 90 peripheral neuropathy cases (32 grade 1, 35 grade 2, 23 grade 3) and 164 controls. After correcting for multiple comparisons, no polymorphism was consistently associated with neuropathy among all patients, among White, Black, and Hispanic patients analyzed separately, both in genome-wide analyses (threshold, P < 5.0 × 10(-8)) and focused on 46 neuropathy-associated genes (threshold, P < 3.5 × 10(-5)). In the latter analyses, the lowest P values were in KIF1A among Whites (rs10199388, P = 8.4 × 10(-4)), in LITAF among Blacks (rs13333308, P = 6.0 × 10(-6)), and in NEFL among Hispanics (rs17763685, P = 5.6 × 10(-6)). Susceptibility to d4T/ddI-associated neuropathy is not explained by a single genetic variant with a marked effect
First-principles Calculation of the Formation Energy in MgO-CaO Solid Solutions
The electronic structure and total energy were calculated for ordered and
disordered MgO-CaO solid solutions within the multiple scattering theory in
real space and the local density approximation. Based on the dependence of the
total energy on the unit cell volume the equilibrium lattice parameter and
formation energy were determined for different solution compositions. The
formation energy of the solid solutions is found to be positive that is in
agreement with the experimental phase diagram, which shows a miscibility gap.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Invasive Allele Spread under Preemptive Competition
We study a discrete spatial model for invasive allele spread in which two
alleles compete preemptively, initially only the "residents" (weaker
competitors) being present. We find that the spread of the advantageous
mutation is well described by homogeneous nucleation; in particular, in large
systems the time-dependent global density of the resident allele is well
approximated by Avrami's law.Comment: Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed Matter Physics XVIII, edited
by D.P. Landau, S.P. Lewis, and H.-B. Schuttler, (Springer, Heidelberg,
Berlin, in press
Change in Physiological Variables in the Last Two Weeks of Life: An Observational Study of Hospitalized Adults With Heart Failure
Context
Recognition of dying is a difficult task in end-stage heart failure, yet it remains an important clinical skill in providing good palliative care to these patients.
Objectives
To use routinely collected data to explore evidence for physiological change in the final two weeks of life in end-stage heart failure.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of routinely collected data from hospital inpatients dying as a result of heart failure during a one-year period in a U.K. hospital. Data were analyzed using descriptive techniques and multilevel modeling.
Results
Results were obtained on 81 patients. Respiratory function (evidenced by falling oxygen saturation and rising respiratory rate) deteriorated by a clinically significant amount in the final two weeks of life (P < 0.001). Renal function (evidenced by rising serum urea and creatinine) also demonstrated a clinically significant deterioration over the same period (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). Serum albumin fell over a period of months (P < 0.001). Heart rate and blood pressure did not demonstrate clinically significant change over the same period.
Conclusions
Deteriorating respiratory and renal function may indicate imminent dying in heart failure. A fall in serum albumin may signify poor prognosis over a timescale of weeks to months. Conversely, hemodynamic parameters may remain relatively stable in the final days of life and should not be reassuring in end-stage heart failure patients
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