53 research outputs found
Scale issues in soil moisture modelling: problems and prospects
Soil moisture storage is an important component of the hydrological cycle and plays a key role in land-surface-atmosphere interaction. The soil-moisture storage equation in this study considers precipitation as an input and soil moisture as a residual term for runoff and evapotranspiration. A number of models have been developed to estimate soil moisture storage and the components of the soil-moisture storage equation. A detailed discussion of the impli cation of the scale of application of these models reports that it is not possible to extrapolate processes and their estimates from the small to the large scale. It is also noted that physically based models for small-scale applications are sufficiently detailed to reproduce land-surface- atmosphere interactions. On the other hand, models for large-scale applications oversimplify the processes. Recently developed physically based models for large-scale applications can only be applied to limited uses because of data restrictions and the problems associated with land surface characterization. It is reported that remote sensing can play an important role in over coming the problems related to the unavailability of data and the land surface characterization of large-scale applications of these physically based models when estimating soil moisture storage.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond
Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes
that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new
knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic
community came together to ‘scan the horizon’ to identify the highest priority scientific questions that
researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a
fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future
directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific
questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven
topics: i)Antarctic atmosphere and global connections, ii) Southern Ocean and sea ice in a warming world,
iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond,
and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require
innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and
laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating
procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples.
Sustained year-round access toAntarctica and the Southern Ocean will be essential to increase winter-time
measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the
Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making.
A co-ordinated portfolio of cross-disciplinary science, based on new models of international collaboration,
will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone.Tinker Foundation, Antarctica New Zealand, The New Zealand
Antarctic Research Institute, the Scientific Committee on
Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Council of Managers of
National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP), the Alfred
Wegner Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und
Meeresforschung (Germany), and the British Antarctic
Survey (UK).http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ANShb201
Correlation of Thermal Properties and Electrical Conductivity of La0.7Sr0.3Cu0.2Fe0.8O3 Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
A copper-doped ferrite with the chemical composition La0.7Sr0.3Cu0.2Fe0.8O3-delta (LaSrCuFe) was prepared using the classical ceramics method starting from the oxides. The linear thermal expansion coefficient in air was measured in the temperature range between 550 and 1,250 K to be between 10 x 10(-6) and 15 x 10(-6) K-1. The electrical conductivity in air was found to be higher than 100 S cm(-1) for temperatures lower than 1,100 K. A change of oxygen stoichiometry was found above 650 K in an atmosphere of 20 vol% oxygen with argon. This change can be correlated with the electrical conductivity
Fabrications of Porous Electrolyte Structure with Scandia Stabilized Zirconia of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
A COMMENT ON H-2-RESTRICTED T CELL RECOGNITION OF Mls DETERMINANTS: A QUESTION OF PERSPECTIVE
Changing mindsets and Modern Languages : a school intervention
In the context of the UK language learning crisis, several studies have aimed to influence student attitude towards languages via school interventions, with mixed results. A six-session tacking diverse metalinguistic issues (e.g. cognitive benefits of language learning, world languages) was carried out in three secondary schools in England, using both whole-class and small-group teaching. The study included a hitherto unmet aim, that of changing mindsets in mixed-ability settings, including students with the most negative language mindsets. Pre-post differences reveal that beliefs about language learning improved more than self-efficacy. Inclination to continue modern foreign language (MFL) study improved more in those students initially most disinclined to continue. Given the well-known gender divide in MFL uptake, it was pleasing to note that the intervention showed greater effect on boys than girls. Qualitative and quantitative data suggest that the intervention might have had a small ‘ equalising’ effect in gender differences, in that boys’ self-efficacy improved more than girls’. The study concludes that the dual delivery (whole-class teaching and in school mentoring, delivered by older students in the same school) offer a promising format, but that, in order to achieve greater effects, more contact time and more mentor preparation are needed
Application du conte pour l'amélioration de la compétence de la production orale dans l'enseignement d'une langue étrangère - par le français
AN ASSESSMENT OF POPULATION-BASED AND BAYESIAN METHODS TO INDIVIDUALIZE DIGOXIN DOSES SHORTLY AFTER THE START OF THERAPY FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
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