775 research outputs found
Deformation and failure of the ice bridge on the Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica
A narrow bridge of floating ice that connected the Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to two confining islands eventually collapsed in early April 2009. In the month preceding the collapse, we observed deformation of the ice bridge by means of satellite imagery and from an in situ GPS station. TerraSAR-X images (acquired in stripmap mode) were used to compile a time series. The ice bridge bent most strongly in its narrowest part (westerly), while the northern end (near Charcot Island) shifted in a northeasterly direction. In the south, the ice bridge experienced compressive strain parallel to its long axis. GPS position data were acquired a little south of the narrowest part of the ice bridge from 19 January 2009. Analysis of these data showed both cyclic and monotonic components of motion. Meteorological data and re-analysis of the output of weather-prediction models indicated that easterly winds were responsible for the cyclic motion component. In particular, wind stress on the rough ice melange that occupied the area to the east exerted significant pressure on the ice bridge. The collapse of the ice bridge began with crack formation in the southern section parallel to the long axis of the ice bridge and led to shattering of the southern part. Ultimately, the narrowest part, only 900 m wide, ruptured. The formation of many small icebergs released energy of >125 × 106 J
Bose-Einstein condensation with magnetic dipole-dipole forces
Ground-state solutions in a dilute gas interacting via contact and magnetic
dipole-dipole forces are investigated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the
first example of studies of the Bose-Einstein condensation in a system with
realistic long-range interactions. We find that for the magnetic moment of e.g.
chromium and a typical value of the scattering length all solutions are stable
and only differ in size from condensates without long-range interactions. By
lowering the value of the scattering length we find a region of unstable
solutions. In the neighborhood of this region the ground state wavefunctions
show internal structures not seen before in condensates. Finally, we find an
analytic estimate for the characteristic length appearing in these solutions.Comment: final version, 4 pages, 4 figure
Effect of Hund coupling in the one-dimensional SU(4) Hubbard model
The one-dimensional SU(4) Hubbard model perturbed by Hund coupling is
studied, away from half-filling, by means of renormalization group and
bosonization methods. A spectral gap is always present in the spin-orbital
sector irrespective of the magnitude of the Coulomb repulsion. We further
distinguish between two qualitatively different regimes. At small Hund
coupling, we find that the symmetry of the system is dynamically enlarged to
SU(4) at low energy with the result of {\it coherent} spin-orbital excitations.
When the charge sector is not gapped, a superconducting instability is shown to
exist. At large Hund coupling, the symmetry is no longer enlarged to SU(4) and
the excitations in the spin sector become {\it incoherent}. Furthermore, the
superconductivity can be suppressed in favor of the conventional charge density
wave state.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
Faddeev-Niemi Conjecture and Effective Action of QCD
We calculate a one loop effective action of SU(2) QCD in the presence of the
monopole background, and find a possible connection between the resulting QCD
effective action and a generalized Skyrme-Faddeev action of the non-linear
sigma model. The result is obtained using the gauge-independent decomposotion
of the gauge potential into the topological degrees which describes the
non-Abelian monopoles and the local dynamical degrees of the potential, and
integrating out all the dynamical degrees of QCD.Comment: 6 page
Mean-field analysis of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates
The dynamics of collapsing and exploding trapped Bose-Einstein condensat es
caused by a sudden switch of interactions from repulsive to attractive a re
studied by numerically integrating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with atomic
loss for an axially symmetric trap. We investigate the decay rate of
condensates and the phenomena of bursts and jets of atoms, and compare our
results with those of the experiments performed by E. A. Donley {\it et al.}
[Nature {\bf 412}, 295 (2001)]. Our study suggests that the condensate decay
and the burst production is due to local intermittent implosions in the
condensate, and that atomic clouds of bursts and jets are coherent. We also
predict nonlinear pattern formation caused by the density instability of
attractive condensates.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, axi-symmetric results are adde
Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking on the Light Front.II. The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model
An investigation of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking on the light front is
made in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with one flavor and N colors. Analysis of
the model suffers from extraordinary complexity due to the existence of a
"fermionic constraint," i.e., a constraint equation for the bad spinor
component. However, to solve this constraint is of special importance. In
classical theory, we can exactly solve it and then explicitly check the
property of ``light-front chiral transformation.'' In quantum theory, we
introduce a bilocal formulation to solve the fermionic constraint by the 1/N
expansion. Systematic 1/N expansion of the fermion bilocal operator is realized
by the boson expansion method. The leading (bilocal) fermionic constraint
becomes a gap equation for a chiral condensate and thus if we choose a
nontrivial solution of the gap equation, we are in the broken phase. As a
result of the nonzero chiral condensate, we find unusual chiral transformation
of fields and nonvanishing of the light-front chiral charge. A leading order
eigenvalue equation for a single bosonic state is equivalent to a leading order
fermion-antifermion bound-state equation. We analytically solve it for scalar
and pseudoscalar mesons and obtain their light-cone wavefunctions and masses.
All of the results are entirely consistent with those of our previous analysis
on the chiral Yukawa model.Comment: 23 pages, REVTEX, the version to be published in Phys.Rev.D; Some
clarifications in discussion of the LC wavefunctions adde
Macroscopic Quantum Fluctuations in the Josephson Dynamics of Two Weakly Linked Bose-Einstein Condensates
We study the quantum corrections to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for two
weakly linked Bose-Einstein condensates. The goals are: 1) to investigate
dynamical regimes at the borderline between the classical and quantum behaviour
of the bosonic field; 2) to search for new macroscopic quantum coherence
phenomena not observable with other superfluid/superconducting systems. Quantum
fluctuations renormalize the classical Josephson oscillation frequencies. Large
amplitude phase oscillations are modulated, exhibiting collapses and revivals.
We describe a new inter-well oscillation mode, with a vanishing (ensemble
averaged) mean value of the observables, but with oscillating mean square
fluctuations. Increasing the number of condensate atoms, we recover the
classical Gross-Pitaevskii (Josephson) dynamics, without invoking the
symmetry-breaking of the Gauge invariance.Comment: Submitte
Coupled Bose-Einstein condensate: Collapse for attractive interaction
We study the collapse in a coupled Bose-Einstein condensate of two types of
bosons 1 and 2 under the action of a trap using the time-dependent
Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The system may undergo collapse when one, two or
three of the scattering lengths for scattering of boson with ,
, are negative representing an attractive interaction. Depending
on the parameters of the problem a single or both components of the condensate
may experience collapse.Comment: 5 pages and 9 figures, small changes mad
Gravitation with superposed Gauss--Bonnet terms in higher dimensions: Black hole metrics and maximal extensions
Our starting point is an iterative construction suited to combinatorics in
arbitarary dimensions d, of totally anisymmetrised p-Riemann 2p-forms (2p\le d)
generalising the (1-)Riemann curvature 2-forms. Superposition of p-Ricci
scalars obtained from the p-Riemann forms defines the maximally Gauss--Bonnet
extended gravitational Lagrangian. Metrics, spherically symmetric in the (d-1)
space dimensions are constructed for the general case. The problem is directly
reduced to solving polynomial equations. For some black hole type metrics the
horizons are obtained by solving polynomial equations. Corresponding Kruskal
type maximal extensions are obtained explicitly in complete generality, as is
also the periodicity of time for Euclidean signature. We show how to include a
cosmological constant and a point charge. Possible further developments and
applications are indicated.Comment: 13 pages, REVTEX. References and Note Adde
The fate of spinons in spontaneously dimerised spin-1/2 ladders
We study a weakly coupled, frustrated two-leg spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladder. For
vanishing coupling between the chains, elementary excitations are deconfined,
gapless spin-1/2 objects called spinons. We investigate the fate of spinons for
the case of a weak interchain interaction. We show that despite a drastic
change in ground state, which becomes spontaneously dimerised, spinons survive
as elementary excitations but acquire a spectral gap. We furthermore determine
the exact dynamical structure factor for several values of momentum transfer.Comment: 8 pages of revtex, 7 figures; discussion of physical picture for
ground state and excitations in the "twistless" ladder expanded, version to
appear in Phys Rev
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