819 research outputs found
Iron Displacements and Magnetoelastic Coupling in the Spin-Ladder Compound BaFe2Se3
We report long-range ordered antiferromagnetism concomitant with local iron
displacements in the spin-ladder compound BaFeSe. Short-range magnetic
correlations, present at room temperature, develop into long-range
antiferromagnetic order below T = 256 K, with no superconductivity down to
1.8 K. Built of ferromagnetic Fe plaquettes, the magnetic ground state
correlates with local displacements of the Fe atoms. These iron displacements
imply significant magnetoelastic coupling in FeX-based materials, an
ingredient hypothesized to be important in the emergence of superconductivity.
This result also suggests that knowledge of these local displacements is
essential for properly understanding the electronic structure of these systems.
As with the copper oxide superconductors two decades ago, our results highlight
the importance of reduced dimensionality spin ladder compounds in the study of
the coupling of spin, charge, and atom positions in superconducting materials
Density of Phonon States in Superconducting FeSe as a Function of Temperature and Pressure
The temperature and pressure dependence of the partial density of phonon
states of iron atoms in superconducting Fe1.01Se was studied by 57Fe nuclear
inelastic scattering (NIS). The high energy resolution allows for a detailed
observation of spectral properties. A sharpening of the optical phonon modes
and shift of all spectral features towards higher energies by ~4% with
decreasing temperature from 296 K to 10 K was found. However, no detectable
change at the tetragonal - orthorhombic phase transition around 100 K was
observed. Application of a pressure of 6.7 GPa, connected with an increase of
the superconducting temperature from 8 K to 34 K, results in an increase of the
optical phonon mode energies at 296 K by ~12%, and an even more pronounced
increase for the lowest-lying transversal acoustic mode. Despite these strong
pressure-induced modifications of the phonon-DOS we conclude that the
pronounced increase of Tc in Fe1.01Se with pressure cannot be described in the
framework of classical electron-phonon coupling. This result suggests the
importance of spin fluctuations to the observed superconductivity
The social determinants of health: Time to re-think?
Twelve years have now passed since the influential WHO Report on the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) in 2008. A group of senior international public health scholars and decision-makers met in Italy in mid-2019 to review the legacy of the SDoH conceptual framework and its adequacy for the many challenges facing our field as we enter the 2020s. Four major categories of challenges were identified: emerging “exogenous” challenges to global health equity, challenges related to weak policy and practice implementation, more fundamental challenges related to SDoH theory and research, and broader issues around modern research in general. Each of these categories is discussed, and potential solutions offered. We conclude that although the SDoH framework is still a worthy core platform for public health research, policy, and practice, the time is ripe for significant evolution
Chimeric influenza virus hemagglutinin containing either the NH2 terminus or the COOH terminus of G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus is defective in transport to the cell surface.
Cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring and intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our objective was to determine the cost-effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) technology with intensive insulin therapy compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A Markov cohort analysis was used to model the long-term disease progression of 12 different diabetes disease states, using a cycle length of 1 year with a 33-year time horizon. The analysis uses a societal perspective to model a population with a 20-year history of diabetes with mean age of 40. Costs are expressed in 23,552, resulting in an ICER of approximately 100,000/QALY, CGM with intensive insulin therapy was cost-effective in 70% of the Monte Carlo simulations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>CGM with intensive insulin therapy appears to be cost-effective relative to SMBG and other societal health interventions.</p
Disorder from order among anisotropic next-nearest-neighbor Ising spin chains in SrHoO
We describe why Ising spin chains with competing interactions in segregate into ordered and disordered ensembles at low temperatures
(). Using elastic neutron scattering, magnetization, and specific heat
measurements, the two distinct spin chains are inferred to have N\'eel
() and double-N\'eel
() ground states respectively. Below
~K, the N\'eel chains develop three dimensional (3D) long
range order (LRO), which arrests further thermal equilibration of the
double-N\'eel chains so they remain in a disordered incommensurate state for
below ~K. distills an important
feature of incommensurate low dimensional magnetism: kinetically trapped
topological defects in a quasidimensional spin system can preclude order
in dimensions.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Extreme Sensitivity of Superconductivity to Stoichiometry in FeSe (Fe1+dSe)
The recently discovered iron arsenide superconductors, which display
superconducting transition temperatures as high as 55 K, appear to share a
number of general features with high-Tc cuprates, including proximity to a
magnetically ordered state and robustness of the superconductivity in the
presence of disorder. Here we show that superconductivity in Fe1+dSe, the
parent compound of the superconducting arsenide family, is destroyed by very
small changes in stoichiometry. Further, we show that non-superconducting
Fe1+dSe is not magnetically ordered down to low temperatures. These results
suggest that robust superconductivity and immediate instability against an
ordered magnetic state should not be considered as intrinsic characteristics of
iron-based superconducting systems, and that Fe1+dSe may present a unique
opportunity for determining which materials characteristics are critical to the
existence of superconductivity in high Tc iron arsenide superconductors and
which are not.Comment: Updated to reflect final version and include journal referenc
Tuning the Charge Density Wave and Superconductivity in CuxTaS2
We report the characterization of layered, 2H-type CuxTaS2, for x between 0
and 0.12. The charge density wave (CDW), at 70 K for TaS2, is destabilized with
Cu doping. The sub-1K superconducting transition in undoped 2H-TaS2 jumps
quickly to 2.5 K at low x, increases to 4.5 K at the optimal composition
Cu0.04TaS2, and then decreases at higher x. The electronic contribution to the
specific heat, first increasing and then decreasing as a function of Cu
content, is 12 mJ mol-1 K-2 at Cu0.04TaS2. Electron diffraction studies show
that the CDW remains present at the optimal superconducting composition, but
with both a changed q vector and decreased coherence length. We present an
electronic phase diagram for the system.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures. To be published in Physical Review
Investigation of the spin-glass regime between the antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases in FeSeTe
Using bulk magnetization along with elastic and inelastic neutron scattering
techniques, we have investigated the phase diagram of
FeSeTe and the nature of magnetic correlations in three
nonsuperconducting samples of FeSeTe,
FeSeTe and FeSeTe. A cusp
and hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the magnetization for the
and 0.3 samples indicates spin-glass (SG) ordering below K. Neutron scattering measurements indicate that the spin-glass behavior is
associated with short-range spin density wave (SDW) ordering characterized by a
static component and a low-energy dynamic component with a characteristic
incommensurate wave vector of and an anisotropy
gap of 2.5 meV. Our high -resolution data also show that the
systems undergo a glassy structural distortion that coincides with the
short-range SDW order
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Spring School on Language, Music, and Cognition: Organizing Events in Time
The interdisciplinary spring school “Language, music, and cognition: Organizing events in time” was held from February 26 to March 2, 2018 at the Institute of Musicology of the University of Cologne. Language, speech, and music as events in time were explored from different perspectives including evolutionary biology, social cognition, developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience of speech, language, and communication, as well as computational and biological approaches to language and music. There were 10 lectures, 4 workshops, and 1 student poster session.
Overall, the spring school investigated language and music as neurocognitive systems and focused on a mechanistic approach exploring the neural substrates underlying musical, linguistic, social, and emotional processes and behaviors. In particular, researchers approached questions concerning cognitive processes, computational procedures, and neural mechanisms underlying the temporal organization of language and music, mainly from two perspectives: one was concerned with syntax or structural representations of language and music as neurocognitive systems (i.e., an intrapersonal perspective), while the other emphasized social interaction and emotions in their communicative function (i.e., an interpersonal perspective). The spring school not only acted as a platform for knowledge transfer and exchange but also generated a number of important research questions as challenges for future investigations
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