Analisis Pengaruh Ketidakseimbangan Beban terhadap Arus Netral dan Losses pada Transformator Distribusi di PT Pln (Persero) Area Sorong

PT PLN (Persero) Area Sorong adalah Perusahaan yang bertugas melistriki wilayah kota sorong dan sekitarnya. Ketidakseimbangan beban pada suatu sistem distribusi tenaga listrik selalu terjadi dan penyebab ketidakseimbangan tersebut adalah pada beban – beban satu fasa pada pelanggan jaringan tegangan rendah. Akibat ketidakseimbangan beban tersebut timbullah arus di netral trafo. Arus yang mengalir di netral trafo ini menyebabkan terjadinya losses (susut), yaitu susut akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo dan losses akibat arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah. Maka dari itu dibuatlah sebuah analisa dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan dengan cara mengukuran beban pada saat sebelum dilakukan pekerjaan penyeimbangan beban dan dibandingkan dengan pada saat sesudah dilakukan pekerjaan penyeimbangan beban. Penyeimbangan beban ini dilakukan dengan cara memindahkan sebagian beban di fasa yang berbeban tinggi ke fasa yang berbeban lebih rendah sehingga dihasilkan beban fasa yang seimbang. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa pada saat sesudah dilakukan pekerjaan penyeimbangan beban, nilai arus netral di penghantar netral trafo dan arus netral yang mengalir ke ground lebih kecil sehingga susut yang dihasilkan lebih kecil dibandingkan pada saat sebelum dilakukan pekerjaan penyeimbangan beban

Pengaruh Optimasi Transformator Daya terhadap Perkembangan Beban Feeder untuk Meminimalisasi Gangguan dan Defisit Beban Listrik di Wilayah Sorong-provinsi Papua Barat

Efisiensi suatu transformator antara lain ditentukan oleh besarnya beban yang meningkat baik dari bulan ke bulan maupun dari tahun ke tahun. Beban tersebut memberikan masukan kepada gardu induk sehubungan dengan kapasitasnya, sehingga akan dapat ditentukan apakah gardu induk tersebut masih mampu menanggung beban yang meningkat tersebut. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu penelitian mengenai optimalisasi efisiensi transformator yang ada di gardu induk Sorong, sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menentukan efisiensi transformator yang optimal sesuai dengan perkembangan beban yang akan datang. Dengan cara mengestimasi beban yang akan datang yang berupa arus (Ampere) di sisi sekunder, maka arus (Ampere) di sisi primer dapat diketahui, sehingga daya masukan (Watt) di sisi primer dan daya keluaran (Watt) di sisi sekunder dapat ditentukan.Jadi rugi-rugi transformator dapat diketahui. Dengan diketahui daya masukan, daya keluaran, rugi-rugi transformator, maka efisiensi transformator dapat ditentukan. Dari hasil estimasi beban diperoleh juga beberapa efisiensi, sehingga dapat ditentukan kapan optimal efisiensi tersebut akan terjadi terhadap perkembangan beban yang akan datang

Populations of Pear Thrips, \u3ci\u3eTaeniothrips Inconsequens\u3c/i\u3e (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sugar Maple Stands in Vermont: 1989-2005

Development of an effective IPM strategy for pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a pest of sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall, demands an understanding of their population fluctuations over time. Pear thrips populations were monitored using a standardized soil sampling method every fall from 1989 – 2005 in 14 counties of Vermont (U.S.). Data from individual sites were combined into north, central and south regions. High numbers of thrips emerged from soil sampled in 1989, 1990, 1993 and 2001, particularly in the north region (Washington, Lamoille, and Franklin counties). The central and south regions had lower pear thrips populations over all years. These results provide, for the first time, fundamental knowledge of pear thrips populations across a wide geographical area of Vermont and will assist in the design of suitable control strategies for pear thrips in the future

Studi Perencanaan Pembangunan Pltmh di Kampung Sasnek Distrik Sawiat Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat

Listrik sangat dibutuhkan oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Kampung Sasnek merupakan salah satu kampung yang terletak di Distrik Sawiat Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat. Kampung sasnek letaknya sangat terpencil dan dihuni sekitar 100KK. Kampung ini belum terlayani listrik oleh PLN hingga saat ini. Pembangkit listrik mikro hidro adalah pembangkit listrik skala kecil yang kapasitasnya berkisar antara 100 W sampai dengan 100 kW. Studi perencanaan ini bertujuan merencanakan dan nantinya akan ke tahap implementasi Pembangkit Listrik mikro hidro dengan kapasitas daya 12 Volt DC, karena merupakan salah satu cara pembangkit listrik yang paling ekonomis, muda dan aman. pengukuran debit air, didapat debit sebesar 2 liter/detik dari luas area pengukuran 5 m2 dan kecepatan air rata-rata 00.65 m/d. Namun karena kondisi air sungai yang mengalir sepanjang tahun dalam arti tidak pernah kering, maka digunakan faktor koreksi 0.75. Dengan demikian debit yang bisa dimanfaatkan adalah sebesar 0.65 m3/d. Berdasarkan hasil analisa terhadap potensi PLTMH yang terdapat di Sasnek, maka dapat dikalkulasikan Distribusi Jaringan Listrik yang bersumber dari PLTMH Sasnek adalah 10 KW. Dengan adanya perencanaan yang matang sehingga hasil implementasinya akan memberikan dampak yang postif akan pemenuhan kebutuhan listrik di kampung sasnek dan juga kampung sekitarnya

Development of Family Therapy and the Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents: A Strategy to Curb Youths Violence in Rural South-South Nigeria

The South-South region of Nigeria has of late been a very volatile and insecure region. Incidence of youth’s violence spanning from cultism, militant activities, vandalism, arson, drugs violence etc. has risen to horrifying dimension. Most of these youths were juvenile delinquents who had graduated from mere disorderly conduct to fully grown dangerous youths who had made the streets in the urban centres and rural communities unsafe to dwell and do business. Despite the full scale war declared by the Nigerian security forces against these youths, their population and the frequency of their dangerous actions are still on the rise. This has left the government with the question of ‘what is to be done’ to curb the increasing spate of youths violence in the region. In line with this question, a clinical study has been carried out here to get a clearer picture of the situation in the region. In the face of these crises in the region this paper has come to the conclusion that development of family therapy and the treatment of juvenile delinquents will help to reduce the army of violent youths in the region. This approach will act as a check and subsequently transform such juvenile delinquents into useful youths and on the long run into responsible adults in the society; adults who will not take to criminality. This paper is a product of intense days of field research. Information from primary and secondary sources coupled with the residual knowledge of the researcher in this area made the study a success. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interview with detainees from various police cells across the region and some social workers in government Establishments and Ministries in charge of family and social welfare. The response at all levels was encouraging

Anisotropic coarse-grained statistical potentials improve the ability to identify native-like protein structures

We present a new method to extract distance and orientation dependent potentials between amino acid side chains using a database of protein structures and the standard Boltzmann device. The importance of orientation dependent interactions is first established by computing orientational order parameters for proteins with alpha-helical and beta-sheet architecture. Extraction of the anisotropic interactions requires defining local reference frames for each amino acid that uniquely determine the coordinates of the neighboring residues. Using the local reference frames and histograms of the radial and angular correlation functions for a standard set of non-homologue protein structures, we construct the anisotropic pair potentials. The performance of the orientation dependent potentials was studied using a large database of decoy proteins. The results demonstrate that the new distance and orientation dependent residue-residue potentials present a significantly improved ability to recognize native folds from a set of native and decoy protein structures.Comment: Submitted to "The Journal of Chemical Physics

Cardiovascular co-medication among users of antiobesity drugs: a population-based study

Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent patients using prescription antiobesity drugs (orlistat, sibutramine and rimonabant) used cardiovascular and antidiabetic drugs. An additional aim was to investigate whether such co-medication differed according to gender, age and amount of antiobesity drugs used. Method Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). All patients who had an antiobesity drug (ATC code A08A) dispensed from a Norwegian pharmacy between January 2004 and December 2007 were included in the study. Results During the 4-year study period 83,717 patients had antiobesity drugs dispensed. One in three patients using antiobesity drugs had at least on one occasion used a cardiovascular and/or an antidiabetic drug concomitantly. A significantly higher percentage of men used antihypertensives (40.4 vs. 27.2%, P < 0.0005), lipid modifying agents (24.4 vs. 11.9%, P < 0.0005) and drugs used in diabetes (12.7 vs. 6.4%, P < 0.0005) concomitantly with antiobesity drugs when compared to women. The percentage of patients who had concomitant drug use increased markedly with age. One in four patients had antiobesity drugs dispensed only once during the period 2004–2007. Conclusion Use of cardiovascular and antidiabetic drugs among patients using antiobesity drugs was extensive, especially among men and elderly patients. Overall, there was a high degree of polypharmacy among users of antiobesity drugs. Also, many patients dispensed antiobesity drugs in amounts that indicated use less than the recommended daily dose, and many dispensed antiobesity drugs only once. When prescribing antiobesity drugs to patients the potential benefits of antiobesity drugs should be considered in relation to the patients other chronic diseases and to the total complexity of the patients drug regimen

On the conservation of the slow conformational dynamics within the amino acid kinase family: NAGK the paradigm

N-Acetyl-L-Glutamate Kinase (NAGK) is the structural paradigm for examining the catalytic mechanisms and dynamics of amino acid kinase family members. Given that the slow conformational dynamics of the NAGK (at the microseconds time scale or slower) may be rate-limiting, it is of importance to assess the mechanisms of the most cooperative modes of motion intrinsically accessible to this enzyme. Here, we present the results from normal mode analysis using an elastic network model representation, which shows that the conformational mechanisms for substrate binding by NAGK strongly correlate with the intrinsic dynamics of the enzyme in the unbound form. We further analyzed the potential mechanisms of allosteric signalling within NAGK using a Markov model for network communication. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of family members strongly suggests that the low-frequency modes of motion and the associated intramolecular couplings that establish signal transduction are highly conserved among family members, in support of the paradigm sequence→structure→dynamics→function © 2010 Marcos et al

Acceptability of HIV self-sampling kits (TINY vial) among people of black African ethnicity in the UK: a qualitative study

Background: Increasing routine HIV testing among key populations is a public health imperative, so improving access to acceptable testing options for those in need is a priority. Despite increasing targeted distribution and uptake of HIV self-sampling kits (SSKs) among men who have sex with men in the UK, little is known about why targeted SSK interventions for black African users are not as wide-spread or well-used. This paper addresses this key gap, offering insight into why some groups may be less likely than others to adopt certain types of SSK interventions in particular contexts. These data were collected during the development phase of a larger study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of targeted distribution of SSKs to black African people. Methods: We undertook 6 focus groups with members of the public who self-identified as black African (n = 48), 6 groups with specialists providing HIV and social services to black African people (n = 53), and interviews with HIV specialist consultants and policy-makers (n = 9). Framework analysis was undertaken, using inductive and deductive analysis to develop and check themes. Results: We found three valuable components of targeted SSK interventions for this population: the use of settings and technologies that increase choice and autonomy; targeted offers of HIV testing that preserve privacy and do not exacerbate HIV stigma; and ensuring that the specific kit being used (in this case, the TINY vial) is perceived as simple and reliable. Conclusions: This unique and rigorous research offers insights into participants’ views on SSK interventions, offering key considerations when targeting this population.. Given the plethora of HIV testing options, our work demonstrates that those commissioning and delivering SSK interventions will need to clarify (for users and providers) how each kit type and intervention design adds value. Most significantly, these findings demonstrate that without a strong locus of control over their own circumstances and personal information, black African people are less likely to feel that they can pursue an HIV test that is safe and secure. Thus, where profound social inequalities persist, so will inequalities in HIV testing uptake – by any means