Women in Sahitya Academy Award-winning novels

From 2012 to 2020 (excluding 2013), the Sahitya Akademi explores their status based on some of the female characters in the award-winning novels. In the novel 'Thol', a female character named Arukkani goes to work in a leather factory due to her family situation.  Love blossoms for her at work. Without respecting her feelings for the place, she abandons love, thinking of the consequences of continuing that love.  A third victim of superstition is the neck stretching. The situation arises where she meets her boyfriend one day.  She protects the culture and culture without going with him in that situation.  In the novel 'Anjadi', a woman named Veerammal marries a man of her choice to her mother and father. The mother maintains her husband's respect in the home, no matter how poor her husband may be. When Veerammal offers to give her grains at her birth house, Wendy refuses to buy them to protect the house. The husband behaves like a mature woman at home. In the novel 'Sancharam', Veena Soundarammal lends a helping hand to a helpless blind Nataswara artist and marries him. She does the work he needs to do and expresses humanity. The blister character in the novel 'Chool' is a woman who cannot give birth and at the same time is a mother to many buffaloes and lives with mental courage and self-confidence. Their friendship emerges from the characterization of Arunmozhi in the novel 'Invalid Money', who cries after meeting his friend in danger.  The status of such women has been explored in this article

Isolation and Screening of bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria from milk and milk products

One of the most important groups of acid producing bacteria in food industry is the lactic acid bacteria,(LAB). LAB are widespread in nature and predominate in microflora of milk and its products LAB are known to produce bacteriocin and have great potential in food bio preservatives. In the present study a total of 160 strains of LAB were isolated from eight different milk and milk products collected from Dairy Farm, Annamalai University. They were screened for the production of bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes. Among the 160 strains 22 strains were observed as positive bacteriocin producers. The highest percent (25.0%) of bacteriocin producers was recorded in butter followed by yoghurt (20%), curd (18.75%) buffalo milk (16.66%), Goat milk (13.88%) Cheese (11.11%) cow milk (10%) and dairy milk (6.25%). The bacteriocin producers were identified upto generic level as Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.  There was a striking predominance of  the genus Enterococcus (55%) followed by Lactococcus (22%) in the milk and milk products. The spectrum of inhibitory activity of the bacteriocin producers against Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens were tested and observed that, activity is restricted to Gram positive organisms, but Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were active against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. The bacteriocins produced by LAB are to be characterized in the further studies

Study of Data Security Algorithms using Verilog HDL

This paper describes an overview of data security algorithms and its performance evaluation. AES, RC5 and SHA algorithms have been taken under this study. Three different types of security algorithms used to analyze the performance study. The designs were implemented in Quartus-II software. The results obtained for encryption and decryption procedures show a significant improvement on the performance of the three algorithms. In this paper, 128-bit AES, 64-bit of RC5 and 512-bit of SHA256 encryption and Decryption has been made using Verilog Hardware Description Language and simulated using ModelSim

Fungal Decolourization of Direct Azo Dyes and Biodegradation of Textile Dye Effluent

AbstractDecolourization of Direct azo dyes by fungi isolated from textile dye effluent was investigated. Seven different fungal species were isolated and identified. The fungal isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Mucor sp. and Trichoderma viride. The fungal inoculums were inoculated into flasks containing Direct azo dyes (500 mg/l) with trace amounts of yeast extract, glucose and sucrose and then sterilized and incubated for 12 days. Aspergillus niger completely decolourized the Congo Red within 6 days. The best decolourizer of Viscose Orange-A was Aspergillus fumigatus (88.70%). Mucor sp. (69.73%) was identified as the best decolourizer of Direct Green – PLS. The dye Direct Violet-BL was completely decolourized by Aspergillus niger within 9 days and Trichoderma viride within 12 days. The dye Direct Sky Blue-FF was completely decolourized by Aspergillus flavus within 9 days and Mucor sp. within 12 days. Penicillium chrysogenum have the capacity to completely decolourized the dye Direct Black-E within 12 days. Fungal biodegradation was assessed by physicochemical analysis

Decolourization and Degradation of Dirct Azo Dyes and Biodegradation of Textile Dye Effluent by using Bacteria Isolated from Textile Dye Effluent

AbstractBacterial cultures isolated from the waste water treatment plant have the capacity to decoluorize and degrade the toxic Azo dyes. The present study was conducted to investigate the decolourization and degradation of Direct azo dyes and biodegradation of textile dye effluent by using bacteria isolated from textile dye effluent. Five different bacterial species were isolated from the textile dye effluent sample and the isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The bacterial inoculums were inoculated into flasks containing Direct azo dyes (500 mg/l) with trace amounts of yeast extract, glucose and sucrose and then sterilized and incubated for 4 days. The decolourization was expressed in terms of percentage decolourization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (97.33%) was identified as the best decolourizer of Congo Red. Klebsiella pneumoniae (98.44%) was the best decolourizer of Viscose Orange – A. The best decolourizer of Direct Green-PLS was Bacillus subtilis (99.05%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (87.27%) highly decolourized the Direct Violet-BL. Escherichia coli (61.56%) was the best decolourizer of Direct Sky Blue-FF. The best decolourizer of Direct Black-E was Klebsiella pneumoniae (92.03%). Bacterial biodegradation was assessed by physicohemical analysis

Classifying Dominant Congested Path Using Correlation Factors

Traffic classification has wide applications in network management, from security monitoring to quality of service measurements. Recent research tends to apply machine learning techniques to flow statistical feature based classification methods. The nearest neighbor (NN)-based method has exhibited superior classification performance. It also has several important advantages, such as no requirements of training procedure, no risk of overfitting of parameters, and naturally being able to handle a huge number of classes. However, the performance of NN classifier can be severely affected if the size of training data is small. In this paper, we propose a novel nonparametric approach for traffic classification, which can improve the classification performance effectively by incorporating correlated information into the classification process. We analyze the new classification approach and its performance benefit from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. A large number of experiments are carried out on two real-world traffic data sets to validate the proposed approach. The results show the traffic classification performance can be improved significantly even under the extreme difficult circumstance of very few training samples

Duality between normal and superconducting junctions of multiple quantum wires

We study junctions of single-channel spinless Luttinger liquids using bosonisation. We generalize earlier studies by allowing the junction to be superconducting and find new charge non-conserving low energy fixed points. We establish the existence of $g \leftrightarrow 1/g$ duality (where $g$ is the Luttinger Liquid parameter) between the charge conserving (normal) junction and the charge non-conserving (superconducting) junction by evaluating and comparing the scaling dimensions of various operators around the fixed points in normal and superconducting sectors of the theory. For the most general two-wire junction, we show that there are two conformally invariant one-parameter families of fixed points which are also connected by a duality transformation. We also show that the stable fixed point for the two-wire superconducting junction corresponds to the situation where the crossed Andreev reflection is perfect between the wires. For the three-wire junction, we study, in particular, the superconducting analogs of the chiral, $D_P$ and the disconnected fixed points obtained earlier in the literature in the context of charge conserving three-wire junctions. We show that these fixed points can be stabilized for $g < 1$ (repulsive electrons) within the superconducting sector of the theory which makes them experimentally relevant.Comment: Figures added. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Maternally expressed, paternally imprinted, embryonic non-coding RNA are expressed in osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma

In a human embryo it takes 8 weeks after fertilisation for the skeleton to begin to form, one of the last organs to develop before becoming a foetus. Mesenchymal progenitors, derived from neural crest cells, differentiate into chondrocytes where the skeleton is generated as a mostly cartilage template. Other mesenchymal progenitors envelop the template, activate runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and differentiate into osteoblasts, where an osteoid matrix is secreted and subsequently mineralised to become bone.1 During development and up to late adolescence, cellular proliferation enabling skeletal growth is restricted to the metaphysis and epiphyseal line or “growth plate”. It is in the growth plate of long bones where most bone cancers develop, hence the predominantly childhood incidence of the cancer. Primitive mesenchymal cells undergo transformation to form a heterogeneous group of bone malignancies. The most common type of bone cancer in children is osteosarcoma, mostly initiated by tumour protein p53 (TP53) mutations. The second most common type of bone cancer in children is Ewing sarcoma, mostly initiated by a EWS RNA binding protein 1-Fli-1 proto-oncogene, ETS transcription factor (EWSR1-FLI1) fusion. There are an average of 160 and 55 new cases of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, respectively, every year in the UK. Five-year survival for both cancer types is 50% when diagnosed early. Five-year survival is 15% when lung metastases are present at diagnosis. Treatment progress for bone cancer is poor when compared to other cancers such as breast where there is a twenty-year survival of 70%. Bone cancer requires extensive and sometimes disabling multimodal treatment. Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma includes methotrexate, cisplatin and doxorubicin, which were developed in the 1940’s and 1970’s. Chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma includes vincristine, ifosfamide and etoposide, which were developed in the 1960’s and 1980’s. If the tumour responds well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, wide area resection or amputation is performed. New understanding of bone cancer biology leading to better diagnosis and better treatments is required