Supplementary data for article : Panic, V. V.; Seslija, S. I.; Popovic, I. G.; Spasojevic, V. D.; Popovic, A. R.; Nikolic, V. B.; Spasojevic, P. M. Simple One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resins Based on Itaconic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2017, 18 (12), 3881–3891. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00840

Supporting information for: [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00840]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2568]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3058

Identifying Adolescents at Highest Risk of ART Non-adherence, Using the World Health Organization-Endorsed HEADSS and HEADSS+ Checklists

Brief tools are necessary to identify adolescents at greatest risk for ART non-adherence. From the WHO's HEADSS/HEADSS+ adolescent wellbeing checklists, we identify constructs strongly associated with non-adherence (validated with viral load). We conducted interviews and collected clinical records from a 3-year cohort of 1046 adolescents living with HIV from 52 South African government facilities. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection approach with a generalized linear mixed model. HEADSS constructs most predictive were: violence exposure (aOR 1.97, CI 1.61; 2.42, p < 0.001), depression (aOR 1.71, CI 1.42; 2.07, p < 0.001) and being sexually active (aOR 1.80, CI 1.41; 2.28, p < 0.001). Risk of non-adherence rose from 20.4% with none, to 55.6% with all three. HEADSS+ constructs were: medication side effects (aOR 2.27, CI 1.82; 2.81, p < 0.001), low social support (aOR 1.97, CI 1.60; 2.43, p < 0.001) and non-disclosure to parents (aOR 2.53, CI 1.91; 3.53, p < 0.001). Risk of non-adherence rose from 21.6% with none, to 71.8% with all three. Screening within established checklists can improve identification of adolescents needing increased support. Adolescent HIV services need to include side-effect management, violence prevention, mental health and sexual and reproductive health

Supplementary data for article : Panic, V. V.; Seslija, S. I.; Popovic, I. G.; Spasojevic, V. D.; Popovic, A. R.; Nikolic, V. B.; Spasojevic, P. M. Simple One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resins Based on Itaconic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2017, 18 (12), 3881–3891. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00840

Supporting information for: [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00840]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2568]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3058

Hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and nanocellulose with potential application in dental treatments

pH sensitive hydrogels, such as hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), are tremendous materials with great properties due to which they have application in many fields, such as: targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, as contact lenses etc. Hydrogels based on PMAA are non-toxic, biocompatible and able to absorb and retain huge amount of water. These hydrogels are widely used for targeted drug delivery due to their specific pH swelling behavior which enable drug release in environments with pH values higher than pKa(PMAA). However, poor mechanical properties of hydrogels based on PMAA often limit their application. In order to overcome this limitation, green approach is used in present study. Namely, nanocellulose (NC) extracted from wood waste material is added to PMAA due to NC non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and great mechanical properties (which is used for improvement of hydrogels mechanical characteristics). Further improvement of hydrogels based on PMAA and NC is achieved by adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). CMC is non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, pH-sensitive derivate of cellulose widely used in drug delivery systems. Drug delivery system prepared in that way can enable controlled release of drug (such as lidocaine hydrochloride (Lid)) for prolonged period of time and therefore, reduce the number of acquired drug dosages which further lead to safe and efficient drug application. Therefore, Lid is encapsulated in hydrogels based on PMAA, NC and CMC (PM/NC-Lid). Lid is local anesthetic often used in dental treatment and it is usually administrated by injection, which is painful, unpleasant and treatment is often required several dosages. These limitations can be overcome by applying PM/NC-Lid hydrogels as buccal patches for controlled release of lidocaine hydrochloride. Present study describes green synthesis and characterization of PM/NC-Lid hydrogels (using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the single compression tests). Also, PM/NC-Lid swelling behavior and Lid controlled release from PM/NC-Lid hydrogels is investigated depending on the variable synthesis parameter (NC wt%) in simulated buccal environment. Results presented in this study show that PM/NC-Lid hydrogels are promising materials for controlled release of anesthetic drugs and for potential application as buccal patches in dental treatments

Three dimensional polymeric networks based on poly(methacrylic acid) and protein for targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs

Three dimensional polymer networks, hydrogels, have shown a great potential in controlled release and targeted delivery of active substances. pH sensitive hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) have attracted significant attention due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and the possession of the huge number of ionogenic carboxylic groups. On the other hand, the usage of these hydrogels for controlled release and targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs is limited by their highly hydrophilic nature. We overcame this limitation by modifying PMAA with amphiphilic substance - casein. The addition of this natural protein enabled the encapsulation, targeted delivery and controlled release of poorly water-soluble model drug - caffeine. Three carriers with different neutralization degree of methacrylic acid were synthesized via free radical polymerization. The FTIR spectra revealed that two types of interactions were established between casein and caffeine: hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The SEM micrographs showed that the structure of the carriers depended on the change of neutralization degree of the methacrylic acid. The swelling of synthesized carriers and the caffeine in vitro release were monitored in two environments at 37°C: 0.1M HCl pH=1.2 (simulation of environment in human stomach) and phosphate buffer pH=6.8 (simulation of environment in human intestines). The synthesized carriers had higher swelling degree and the higher release rate of caffeine in the phosphate buffer pH=6.8 than in 0.1M HCl. The increase in neutralization degree of methacrylic acid caused the increase in swelling degree of the carriers and the increase in release rate of caffeine. Presented results showed that synthesized carriers are promising candidates for targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs

pH-sensitive hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid), casein and liposomes for targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble active substances

Polymeric carriers for targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble active substances (PWSAS) are facing two challenges. First, encapsulation of PWSAS depends on structure of the carrier. Second limitation is caused by the phenomenon of burst drug release. Despite the fact that the fast release of drug in a burst stage is utilized in certain drug administration strategies, the negative effects brought about by burst can be pharmacologically dangerous and economically inefficient. This study presents a novel strategy for encapsulation and targeted delivery of PWSAS - caffeine without the possibility of burst effect. Hydrophilic carrier based on poly(methacylic acid) was modified by amphiphilic substances - casein and centrifuged liposomes to ensure caffeine encapsulation. The caffeine was encapsulated in liposomes which further were incorporated into the carrier networks during the synthesis of the carriers. The release kinetic of caffeine was analyzed with respect to morphology of the carriers and interactions that could be established between the components of the carrier. The swelling of carriers and release of caffeine were further investigated depending on the neutralization degree of methacrylic acid in two media with different pH simulating the path of the carrier through the upper and lower human gastrointestinal tract. Synthesized carriers showed significant potential for encapsulation and targeted delivery of PWSAS.Kod razvoja polimernih nosača za ciljano otpuštanje slabo vodorastvornih aktivnih supstanci (SVAS) postoje dva ograničenja. Prvo, inkapsulacija SVAS zavisi od strukture nosača. Drugo ograničenje je vezano za naglo oslobađanje leka. Uprkos činjenici da je naglo oslobađanje leka, tzv. burst efekat poželjno kod nekih sistema, negativni efekti naglog oslobađanja leka u većini slučajeva mogu biti farmakološki opasni i ekonomski neefikasni. U ovom radu je prikazana nova strategija za inkapsulaciju i ciljano otpuštanje SVAS – kofeina bez burst efekta. Hidrofilni nosač na bazi poli(metakrilne kiseline) je modifikovan amfifilnim supstancama – kazeinom i centrifugiranim lipozomima kako bi se postigla inkapsulacija kofeina. Kofein je inkapsuliran u lipozome koji su zatim inkorporirani u mrežu nosača tokom sinteze nosača. Analiziran je uticaj morfologije nosača i interakcija koje su se uspostavile između njegovih komponenti na kinetiku otpuštanja kofeina. Zatim je analiziran uticaj stepen neutralizacije metakrilne kiseline na bubrenje nosača i otpuštanje kofeina u dve sredine različitih pH vrednosti koje su simulirale pH sredinu u gastrointestinalnom traktu čoveka. Pokazano je da sintetisani nosači imaju veliki potencijal za inkapsulaciju i ciljano otpuštanje SVA

Repellent activity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) and Tanacetum vulgare (L.) essential oils against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of the most destructive pest species to have developed resistance to most chemical insecticides. We determined the composition and evaluated the potential of Tanacetum parthenium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae family) essential oil (EO) application as an alternative eco-friendly control strategy against L. decemlineata. We assessed the antifeedant activity for L. decemlineata larvae and adults by estimating the damage to potato leaves treated with three concentrations of EOs dissolved in ethanol (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%). Results showed that T. parthenium EO was more effective against larvae, and T. vulgare was more effective against adults. In an olfactometer assay, the time required to choose an untreated leaf disc did not depend on the Tanacetum species, or life stage examined. However, the concentration of EO exhibited a significant effect on the behaviour of both developmental stages. At higher EO concentrations, both third instar larvae and adults require less time to choose an untreated leaf disc. Additionally, T. parthenium EO provoked more rapid movement away from the treated leaf disc than T. vulgare, especially at the highest concentration. Successful modification of L. decemlineata behaviour by the two Tanacetum oils suggests that they possess the potential for use in potato protection

Simple One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resins Based on Itaconic Acid

For the preparation of fully biobased unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), the replacement of styrene with alternate nonpetroleum-based monomers turned out to be one of the most challenging tasks. Its complexity lies in the fact that reactive diluents (RD) have to have low viscosity and volatility, good compatibility with prepolymer, and capability to homopolymerize and copolymerize with its unsaturations. In this context, we directed our efforts to develop fully biobased UPRs using the dialkyl itaconates as an alternative to styrene. Therefore, a series of 100% biobased UPRs were prepared from itaconic acid and 1,2-propandiol and diluted by dialkyl itaconates. The resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, volatility, and viscosity measurements, while the cured samples were characterized by dynamic mechanical properties, thermomechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis data, and tensile tests. The influence of RD structure on the properties of cured samples was discussed in detail. It was shown that the prepared resins had evaporation rates of dialkyl itaconates of several orders of magnitude less compared to styrene. The cured resins with dimethyl itaconate showed comparable or even better thermal and mechanical properties compared to the one with styrene. This investigation showed that itaconic acid and dialkyl itaconates are promising bioresources for the preparation of fully biobased UPRs for mass consumption

Modification of hydrophilic polymer network to design a carrier for a poorly water-soluble substance

pH sensitive, nontoxic, and biocompatible poly(methacrylic) acid (PMAA) based soft networks have been extensively used in the design of systems for targeted drug delivery. Still, their highly hydrophilic nature limits their potential to be used as a carrier of poorly water-soluble substances. With the aim to overcome this limitation, the present study details a new approach for modification of PMAA based carriers using two amphiphilic components: casein and liposomes. The FTIR analysis revealed structural features of each component as well as the synergetic effect that originated from the formation of specific interactions. Namely, hydrophobic interactions between the poorly water-soluble model drug (caffeine) and casein enabled caffeine encapsulation and controlled release, while addition of liposomes ensured better control of the release rate. The morphological properties of the carriers, swelling behavior, and release kinetics of caffeine were investigated depending on the variable synthesis parameters (neutralization degree of methacrylic acid, concentration of caffeine, presence/absence of liposomes) in two different media simulating the pH environment of human intestines and stomach. The data obtained from in vitro caffeine release were correlated and analyzed in detail using several mathematical models, indicating significant potential of investigated carriers for targeted delivery and controlled release of poorly water-soluble substances